猕猴桃嫁接试验

本文报道猕猴桃不同嫁接时期、嫁接方法和不同分类群的砧木试验结果,猕猴桃最适宜的嫁接时期是落叶后至翌年萌芽前,嫁接方法以切接为好,嫁接成活率均在90％以上。同种和同一分类群的砧穗间有良好的亲和力,嫁接均有较高的成活率。不同分类群间嫁接效果较差,如中华猕猴桃桂海4号嫁接于中华猕猴桃砧木上的成活率,生长情况均比嫁接其它分类群为砧的有显著差异。     

不同嫁接时间和处理对灰木莲嫁接成活的影响

本研究通过比较在不同月份采用经不同浓度ABT 1号生根粉处理的硬枝和嫩枝接穗嫁接的灰木莲成活率,探讨不同嫁接时间、不同处理对灰木莲嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明:1~2月份是灰木莲嫁接的最佳时间,此时嫁接能使灰木莲嫁接成活率达到48%;灰木莲硬枝嫁接的成活率是嫩枝嫁接的11~29倍,因此灰木莲宜采用硬枝接穗进行嫁接;虽然,从全年来看经ABT 1号生根粉处理的接穗会对灰木莲月均嫁接成活产生不利影响,但在1~2月份用100 mg/L的ABT 1号生根粉处理硬枝接穗嫁接,可使灰木莲嫁接成活率达到80%和75%,是未经ABT1号生根粉处理的1.45和1.41倍;因此,在最适合灰木莲嫁接的1月份和2月份期间使用适宜浓度的ABT 1号生根粉能提高灰木莲的嫁接成活率。     

橄榄幼树嫁接成活及长势调查研究

调查不同品种、嫁接方法、接穗贮藏时间、接穗老熟度、嫁接天气状况等因素对橄榄幼树嫁接成活率和生长势的影响。结果表明,橄榄幼树嫁接应选晴天,采1~2年生枝在2d内接完,腹接和嵌接方式互有优劣,不同品种嫁接效果差异很大。     

木兰科植物的无性繁殖

通过木兰科植物嫁接和扦插繁殖试验,得出以下结论:不同属间、不同的嫁接方法均有较高的成活率,可以根据接穗的种类、砧木的状况、所在地的气候条件选择不同的嫁接方法和嫁接时间,以提高嫁接成活率;利用华南地区的雨季进行木兰科植物嫩枝扦插获得成功,成活率从10%～60%不等.激素对扦插生根作用很小.     

接穗与砧木对月季嫁接苗性状影响的探究

选择花色、花大小等性状不同的2种月季植株互为接穗和砧木进行嫁接,在活动中了解嫁接的概念,理解嫁接成活原理,掌握植物嫁接的方法和技能,培养学生科学素养。嫁接成活后,通过嫁接苗和原植株的性状对比,得出接穗与砧木对月季嫁接苗性状的影响是不同的。     

拟南芥嫁接技术的研究进展

模式植物拟南芥的嫁接技术已广泛应用于激素运输、信号传导、小RNA运输、植物抗病和生长发育等一系列研究。现重点综述了近年来拟南芥嫁接技术的发展历程和应用,总结了拟南芥花序嫁接、下胚轴套管嫁接、无套管斜面嫁接、切除子叶嫁接以及成熟苗嫁接等技术的基本特点和操作流程,同时比较了几种拟南芥嫁接技术的优缺点,旨在帮助科研人员针对不同的研究目的快速选择合适的嫁接方法。     

不同基因型砧木嫁接黄瓜结瓜盛期光合特性的比较

采用CIRAS-Ⅱ型便携式光合作用系统,对黑籽南瓜和新培育的白籽南瓜A22种不同基因型砧木嫁接黄瓜结瓜盛期的光合特性进行比较。结果表明：在结瓜盛期,2种砧木嫁接黄瓜不同叶位的叶片净光合速率均有一定差异,其中A2嫁接黄瓜中部和下部叶片的净光舍速率显著高于黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜。A2与黑籽南瓜相比其嫁接黄瓜利用光能范围较广且光饱和时净光合速率、RuBP最大再生速率和表观量子效率分别高出黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜23．2％、12．6％和8．2％。2种砧木嫁接的黄瓜CO2饱和点与羧化效率均相近,CO2补偿点A2低于黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜。A2嫁接黄瓜叶片叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总量均明显高于黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜,可溶性蛋白含量与黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜差异不显著。A2嫁接黄瓜的雌花节率和平均单株产量分别高出黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜25．2％和29．4％,A2嫁接黄瓜果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和VC含量分别高出黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜6.3％、15,2％和15．4％。     

木兰科植物的嫁接繁殖

本文对38种木兰科植物的嫁接繁殖进行了试验,全部嫁接成功,平均成活率为44．0％。不同属的木兰科植物之间有较大的亲和力,多数种可进行属间嫁接。嫁接时间和砧木选择是影响木兰科植物嫁接成活率的主要因素,嫁接方法对成活率也有一定的影响。木兰科植物的嫁接苗比实生苗具有更强的适应性和速生性。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接口不同发育时期差异蛋白质分析

以油茶芽苗砧嫁接口为试验材料,运用蛋白质双向电泳结合质谱技术研究嫁接口不同发育时期(嫁接后第4、8、16、22、29和35天)蛋白质组的变化.结果表明:分析获得40个差异蛋白,其中9个差异蛋白可能与芽苗砧嫁接口愈合有关.嫁接一方面刺激嫁接口基因转录和蛋白质翻译、信号传导、能量代谢、物质合成和激素调节;另一方面刺激部分酶活性,提高细胞抗性,促进油茶芽苗砧嫁接口愈合.     

器官,组织,细胞水平的嫁接

目前,植物的嫁接技术已突破常规的整体嫁接方法,可以用器官、组织、细胞,在不同的水平上进行嫁接。这些新的嫁接方法,既有利于嫁接的基础理论研究,又为嫁接技术的应用开辟了新的途径。 一、离体茎段嫁接 该方法是将节间外植体在组织培养的条件下进行嫁接,主要用于嫁接过程的生理生化研究。与常规的整体植物嫁接相比,具有很多优点:     

番茄抗青枯病种苗选育初步研究

通过大量收集野生茄科植物作为栽培番茄的嫁接砧木 ,进行嫁接试验并观察嫁接成活率。栽植各砧木苗、番茄实生苗及嫁接成活率较高的嫁接苗 ,观察比较它们在自然条件下青枯病的发病率 (如果自然条件下青枯病发病率低的地块 ,可考虑人工接种病原 )、植株生长情况、产量和品质等 ,筛选出 2种嫁接成活率高 ,抗青枯病能力强 ,并能保持或提高接穗果产量和品质的番茄嫁接砧木。为深入进行番茄抗青枯病种苗选育研究和生产实践奠定了基础。     

银杏嫁接试验

本文报道银杏(Ginhgo biloba Z)小苗(一、二年生)嫁接试验结果。单芽切接、腹切接不仅成活率高且操作简便、工效高,是小苗嫁接值得推广的嫁接方法;嫁接时期应以秋接为主、春接为辅,秋季嫁接时闯长达二个半月,成活率高而稳定、生长期较长;砧木和接穗的年龄对成活率无大影响,建议用多年生(3—5年)接穗嫁接,以利提早结实;一年生双砧嫁接,是快速育苗的重要手段之一。     

罗汉果嫁接繁殖研究

采用1—3年生青皮砧木,用镶枝接、嵌合接、劈接和腹接法嫁接,成活率为67.86～81.82％,以镶枝接最好。用长滩、拉江和青皮接穗嫁接,成活率为60—80％,以拉江接穗最好。嫁接苗早期结果,接后90天80—88％的植株结果并保持原品种优良类型。     

USE OF FREE GRAFTS IN CORRECTION OF RECURRENT PTERYGIA,PSEUDOPTERYGIA AND SYMBLEPHARON

Use of conjunctival material for grafting over areas of the eye denuded by removal of a pterygium, pseudopterygium or symblepharon gives better results cosmetically, and in some instances functionally, than either thin split skin or mucous membrane from the mouth. A technique for grafting with conjunctiva is described.     

STUDIES OF VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY-INCOMPATIBILITY IN HIGHER PLANTS. I. A STRUCTURAL STUDY OF A COMPATIBLE AUTOGRAFT IN SEDUM TELEPHOIDES (CRASSULACEAE)

Initial adherence of the cut surfaces occurred by 24 hr after grafting and was correlated both with a pronounced dictyosome activity along the graft interface and with callus proliferation in both the stock and scion. A necrotic layer of one or two collapsed cells in thickness initially extended as a continuous barrier between the stock and scion, but the layer was fragmented by 2–3 days after grafting as the callus proliferation continued. Graft incision also induced a mild senescence in cells at the graft interface characterized by a reduced staining intensity of the cytoplasm, replacement of the large primary vacuole by numerous smaller vacuoles, and the occurrence of flocculent material throughout the cytoplasm. Starch accumulated during the first day after grafting but disappeared by 2–3 days after grafting. The cellular senescence never proceeded beyond an early, nonlethal stage, and cells along the graft interface completely recovered by 3 wk after grafting. Procambial differentiation occurred across the callus bridge by 10 days after grafting, and mature vascular continuity was established by 14 days. The results of this study are discussed relative to cellular recognition phenomena and to proposed mechanisms for plant graft compatibility-incompatibility.     

Economics of coronary artery bypass grafting.

To decide whether the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting should be increased, maintained at the present levels, or decreased we need to know how cost effective they are relative to other claimants on the resources of the National Health Service. For this purpose effectiveness is taken to be the effect on life expectancy adjusted for the quality of life. In an assessment of the cost per quality adjusted life year gained coronary artery bypass grafting rates well for cases of severe angina and extensive coronary artery disease. The cost, however, rises sharply for less severe cases. Bypass grafting seems to compare favourably with valve replacement for aortic stenosis and implantation of pacemakers for heart block; it is distinctly better than heart transplantation and the treatment of end stage renal failure but is probably less cost effective than hip replacement. If the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting were to increase it would be a fairly strong claimant only if restricted to the most severe cases. The data on which these judgments are based are crude and in need of refinement. The methodology is powerful, far reaching, and open to comment.     

EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TREATMENT OF BURNS

For purposes of comparison with the occlusive dressing method of treating burns, the exposure method was used in 30 cases—16 of first and second degree and 14 of third degree. Attempt was made to simulate the conditions which might be expected to prevail in mass treatment of burned patients—inadequate personnel and materials. Elaborate measures to immobilize burned areas were not employed.Healing of first and second degree burns was natural and the results satisfactory without further treatment. In third degree burns, skin grafting was necessary after the eschar was removed. Cracking of the eschar several days before time to remove it in some cases of third degree burns necessitated use of occlusive dressings in the last few days before skin grafting was done.The exposure method is considered valuable in circumstances in which saving of time, material and personnel is indicated. Generally it is not suitable for treatment of encircling burns of the trunk or extremities, since maintaining the integrity of the eschar is extremely difficult in such situations.     

STUDIES OF VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY-INCOMPATIBILITY IN HIGHER PLANTS. IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TENSILE STRENGTH IN A COMPATIBLE AND AN INCOMPATIBLE GRAFT

Three phases of adhesion between the stock and scion are observable during the formation of a compatible autograft in Sedum telephoides and an incompatible heterograft between Sedum telephoides and Solanum pennellii. The first phase of adhesion is similar in both systems in that it 1) lasts 2 to 3 days, and 2) is characterized by an average increase in tensile strength of 1 g breaking weight (BW)/mm² graft area (GA)/day. In the compatible Sedum autograft, the second phase of adhesion lasts from Days 3 to 11 after grafting and is correlated with a 28-fold increase in the tensile strength of the graft union to approximately 56 g BW/mm² GA by 11 days after grafting. The third phase of adhesion in the compatible autograft is characterized by a leveling off of the tensile strength of the graft union at approximately 56 g BW/mm² GA, roughly equal to that of an ungrafted internode. Graft formation is now complete. These results suggest that the ratio of the tensile strength of the graft union : tensile strength of a comparable ungrafted internode provides an estimate of the percent development of compatible autografts. In the incompatible heterograft between Sedum and Solanum, Phase II adhesion 1) lasts from Days 2 to 5 after grafting, and 2) peaks at 12 g BW/mm² GA at 5 days after grafting. Phase III adhesion in the incompatible heterograft occurs subsequent to Day 5 after grafting and is characterized by an average decrease in the tensile strength of the graft union of 0.3 g BW/mm² GA/day. The results of this study are discussed relative to the quantitative contributions of various structural events to the tensile strength of a graft union.