家蝇抗菌肽Domesticin在毕赤酵母中的表达及抑菌活性检测

利用毕赤酵母菌株表达家蝇抗菌肽domesticin基因并检测其抑菌活性。克隆家蝇domesticin基因与pPIC9k质粒相连,构建重组表达载体p PIC9K-domesticin,将其电击转化入毕赤酵母KM71中。甲醇诱导后利用Tricine-SDS-PAGE及Western Blot检测融合蛋白的表达,通过最小抑菌浓度测定表达产物的抑菌活性。结果显示家蝇抗菌肽Domesticin在毕赤酵母中成功表达,抑菌实验表明Domesticin对多种细菌具有抑制作用。Domesticin是一种对受试革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有抑菌活性的广谱新型抗菌肽,有望成为新一代抗菌剂。     

抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽简称LfcinBD,获得的表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性.将人工设计的用化学合成法合成的以酵母偏爱密码子编码的LfcinBD基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinBD通过限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化,电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115宿主菌,G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子.经PCR检测,LfcinBD基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合.阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinBD,诱导表达5 d,每24 h取上清1 mL,进行抑菌试验.结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽衍生肽基因已整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,经0.5%甲醇在30℃诱导48 h可产生较强抗菌活性的抗菌肽,而且对氨苄青霉素抗性的大肠杆菌亦有较强的抑菌作用.     

杂合抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性测定

为获得溶血活性低、抗菌活性高的杂合抗菌肽,以家蝇抗菌肽Cec Md和中国林蛙抗菌肽Chensirin为母体肽,并结合毕赤酵母偏爱密码子的原则,设计出6条具有抗菌潜力的新型杂合抗菌肽,将其命名为CC22、CC28、CC29、CC30和CC34(1),CC34,利用SOE-PCR技术合成所需的目的基因,并将其克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,通过电击转化技术,将其转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168中,经含有Zeocin的抗性平板筛选阳性转化子,YPD液体培养72h后,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测出目的蛋白,然后采用高效液相色谱法对其进行纯化。检测结果显示,表达产物CC29对大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为25μg/ml;CC34(1)对大肠杆菌表现相对较弱的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为100μg/ml;CC34对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为50μg/ml;且杂合抗菌肽对有益菌均没有表现出抑制作用。6条杂合肽的溶血活性均呈现较低水平,其中表现出抗菌活性的3条抗菌肽中,以CC29的溶血活性最低,CC34(1)和CC34相对次之。结合抑菌活性,CC29和CC34的抑菌效果较为明显,从而确定溶血活性低且抗菌活性较高的CC29和CC34为新型杂合抗菌肽。     

猪PR-39抗菌肽基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

[目的]在毕赤酵母中表达抗菌肽PR-39基因,获得有抗菌活性的PR-39。[方法]根据酵母和猪密码子偏好性,对其密码子进行优化改造。将经SOE-PCR获得的PR-39基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组载体pPIC9K-PR-39。经SacⅠ线性化电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,取阳性克隆进行髙拷贝转化子筛选和诱导表达。[结果]pPIC9K-PR-39重组质粒构建成功,pPIC9K-PR-39菌株发酵产物检测结果对DH5α大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有抑菌效果。[结论]获得了PR-39基因的重组酵母,并用毕赤酵母系统成功地分泌表达了具有明显抗菌活性的抗菌肽PR-39。     

抗菌肽CM4基因克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达鉴定

为了在毕赤酵母中获得抗菌肽CM4表达,将抗菌肽CM4基因克隆入表达质粒pPIC9,SacⅠ线性化的重组表达质粒pPIC9-CM4电击转化P.pastorisGS115(his-),采用MM、MD板和PCR法筛选Mut 表型,甲醇诱导表达;抗菌活性检测、Tricine-SDS-PAGE及酸性活性电泳均表明抗菌肽CM4在毕赤酵母中成功地分泌表达;重组抗菌肽CM4对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)都有很强的抑菌活性。     

复合抗菌肽PL在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其活性研究

为了获得抗菌活性较强的抗菌肽,将几种抗菌肽串联起来在毕赤酵母中表达,并比较其与单独抗菌肽的抑菌活性。以GenBank中的Protegrin-1(PG-1)、ScorpionDefensin(SD)、Metalnikowin-2A和SheepMyeloidAntibacterialPeptide(SMAP-29)(序列号分别为AAB27599,AAAB27538、P80409和P49928)成熟肽段作为模板序列,根据巴斯德毕赤氏酵母(P.pastoris)偏好密码子,设计并人工合成复合抗菌肽pl基因,同时用SOE法获得ScorpionDefensin的基因,分别克隆到pPICZαA载体中,转化P.pastoris受体菌X-33,在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,复合抗菌肽PL及SD均获得表达。体外抑菌试验检测复合抗菌肽PL与单独的蝎子防御素SD的热稳定性、酸稳定性、最低抑菌浓度等,结果显示复合抗菌肽PL及SD具有很强的热酸稳定性,而针对不同的细菌,复合抗菌肽则表现出了强于单独的SD的活性,特别是对大肠杆菌。上述结果说明了该复合抗菌肽具有很好的开发前景。     

猪β防御素1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

PBD-1是猪防御系统起重要作用的抗菌小肽,为实现其在毕赤酵母中的表达,根据已发表的猪β防御素1(PBD-1)氨基酸序列和酵母偏好密码子,用PCR方法获得PBD-1基因,克隆到分泌型表达载体pPIC9K信号序列α因子之后,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-PBD-1,用SalⅠ将其线性化后转化毕赤酵母SMD1168,采用PCR法筛选Mut 表型,在AOX1启动子调控下,分子量约4.5kD的PBD-1抗菌肽得到表达。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌活性。首次在毕赤酵母表达系统中实现了PBD-1的分泌表达。     

家蝇抗菌肽Defensin在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

拟通过酵母系统表达家蝇抗菌肽Defensin基因,并初步鉴定其抗菌活性。采用限制性内切酶SacⅠ将分泌型重组表达质粒pPIC9K/Defensin线性化后,运用氯化锂转化法将其转入巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115中,行G418加压筛选和PCR鉴定;所得阳性转化子转至摇瓶,28℃条件下0.5%甲醇诱导表达,连续诱导培养4 d后,上清液进行Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测表达效果,并采用琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测表达产物对大肠杆菌E.coliK12D31的抑制作用。结果显示,家蝇抗菌肽Defensin在毕赤酵母中得到了成功表达,表达产物对大肠杆菌E.coliK12D31的生长有抑制作用。说明酵母系统适合抗菌肽的表达。     

黄鳝NK-lysin基因的真核表达与体外活性分析

[目的]在真核毕赤酵母KM体系中表达黄鳝NK-lysin抗菌肽,并检测体外抗菌活性。[方法]利用特定引物扩增黄鳝NK-lysin抗菌肽基因片段,将黄鳝NK-lysin基因片段插入p PIC9K真核表达质粒中,通过PCR与测序验证阳性克隆,成功构建重组黄鳝NK-lysin与p PIC9K真核表达质粒,将线性化的NK-lysin-p PIC9K电击转化到毕赤酵母细胞KM71获得重组酵母KM71-NKlysin,通过PCR验证,对重组酵母进行发酵,并收集酵母上清液同时检测体外抗菌活性。[结果]成功构建重组酵母KM71-NKlysin表达体系,酵母表达体系上清液对迟缓爱德华氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸菌、嗜水气单胞菌、维氏气单胞菌均有明显抑制作用。[结论]重组表达黄鳝抗菌肽蛋白对水环境大多数细菌具有明显抑菌活性,对于黄鳝疾病预防具有广阔应用前景。     

杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil的改造及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

参照毕赤氏巴斯德酵母(Pichia pastorts)偏好密码子,改造并化学合成杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil基因,改造后的CecA-mil基因克隆到pPICZα-A载体中,构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-CM,转化Pichia pastoris受体菌X-33。在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,分子量约1．9kD的CecA-mil杂合抗菌肽获得表达,经表达条件优化,重组酵母菌的摇瓶发酵产率可达到245μg／mL。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性,对多数G^-菌及G^ 菌均有较好的抑菌活性,特别是对氨苄青霉素抗性菌和卡那霉素抗性菌抑杀效果更好;具有热稳定性和酸稳定性。这些特点使得重组抗菌肽CecA-mil在食品防腐、疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面显露出很好的应用前景。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.