共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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P C Kind 《Current biology : CB》1999,9(17):R640-R643
Classical studies of plasticity in the visual cortex have been interpreted in terms of heterosynaptic competition between inputs. But an alternative type of 'homosynaptic' plasticity can explain many recent observations and has recently received experimental support. Perhaps both types of plasticity are important. 相似文献
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M. Fambrini F. Sorbi G. Sisti R. Cioni I. Turrini G. Taddei S. Guaschino 《Cytopathology》2014,25(2):71-77
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the leading female genital tract malignancy in industrialized countries. It will become an important public health problem in the coming years in the USA and Europe, where its incidence is increasing, and next‐generation interventions should include periodical screening in high‐risk women. In this review, we discuss the importance to gynaecologists of detecting women at high risk and offering an adequate screening programme. Screening for EC is particularly challenging and there is currently no proven programme for the surveillance of women estimated to be at an increased risk of developing this form of cancer. The data in the literature, including this and previous issues of Cytopathology, and personal experience suggest that endometrial liquid‐based cytology (LBC) might play an essential role in a screening policy for EC. LBC may enable practitioners to reduce age‐adjusted mortality for women at high risk for EC. 相似文献
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Scott SH 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》2000,78(11):923-933
Reaching movements to spatial targets require motor patterns at the shoulder to be coordinated carefully with those at the elbow to smoothly move the hand through space. While the motor cortex is involved in this volitional task, considerable debate remains about how this cortical region participates in planning and controlling movement. This article reviews two opposing interpretations of motor cortical function during multi-joint movements. On the one hand, studies performed predominantly on single-joint movement generally support the notion that motor cortical activity is intimately involved in generating motor patterns at a given joint. In contrast, studies on reaching demonstrate correlations between motor cortical activity and features of movement related to the hand, suggesting that the motor cortex may be involved in more global features of the task. Although this latter paradigm involves a multi-joint motor task in which neural activity is correlated with features of movement related to the hand, this neural activity is also correlated to other movement variables. Therefore it is difficult to assess if and how the motor cortex contributes to the coordination of motor patterns at different joints. In particular, present paradigms cannot assess whether motor cortical activity contributes to the control of one joint or multiple joints during whole-arm tasks. The final point discussed in this article is the development of a new experimental device (KINARM) that can both monitor and manipulate the mechanics of the shoulder and elbow independently during multi-joint motor tasks. It is hoped that this new device will provide a new approach for examining how the motor cortex is involved in motor coordination. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Serrano Russell Alpizar-Jara Nicolas Morellet Aidan Jonathan Mark Hewison 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2008,54(4):675-680
From a literature review of five wildlife ecology journals since 1937, we document how using indices to monitor ungulate body
condition is common practice, with the kidney fat index (KFI = weight of fat around the kidneys/weight of kidneys without
fat × 100) as the favoured tool (82% of studies). In this context, we highlight the problems of using indices when underlying
statistical assumptions are not met (isometry, parallel slopes between treatments). We show, with real and simulated data
for two cervids with contrasting fat storage strategies, how results from analysis of variance of KFI values differ from analysis
of covariance (ANCOVA) of raw data. We conclude that the KFI is affected by the restrictions typically associated with derived
index values, and as a consequence, statistical analysis of the KFI could generate spurious results leading to erroneous interpretations
concerning variation in body condition of ungulate populations. Thus, we recommend analysing fat weight as an untransformed
variable in ANCOVA (kidney weight as covariate) to describe body condition variation in ungulates.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Guntram Schernthaner Chaim Lotan Elina Baltadzhieva-Trendafilova Jonas Ceponis Martin Clodi Kristine Ducena Eva Goncalvesova Cristian Guja Marek Honka Andrej Janež Nebojša Lalić Roger Lehmann Noémi Nyolczas Priit Pauklin Andrzej Rynkiewicz Igor Sergienko Lea Smirčić Duvnjak 《Cardiovascular diabetology》2018,17(1):145
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most significant prognostic factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, a significant number of individuals may develop CVD that does not present with the classic angina-related or heart failure symptoms. In these cases, CVD may seem to be ‘silent’ or ‘asymptomatic’, but may be more accurately characterised as unrecognised diabetic cardiac impairment. An initial step to raise awareness of unrecognised CVD in individuals with T2D would be to reach a consensus regarding the terminology used to describe this phenomenon. By standardising the terminologies, and agreeing on the implementation of an efficient screening program, it is anticipated that patients will receive an earlier diagnosis and appropriate and timely treatment. Given the availability of anti-diabetic medications that have been shown to concomitantly reduce CV risk and mortality, it is imperative to improve early identification and initiate treatment as soon as possible in order to enable as many patients with T2D as possible to benefit. 相似文献
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Exhaustion of a natural resource stock may be a rational choice for an individual and/or a community, even if a sustainable
use for the resource is feasible and the resource users are farsighted and well informed on the ecosystem. We identify conditions
under which it is optimal not to sustain resource use. These conditions concern the discounting of future benefits, instability
of a social system or ecosystem, nonconvexity of natural growth function, socio-psychological value of employment, and strategic
interaction among resource users. The identification of these conditions can help design policies to prevent unsustainable
patterns of resource use.
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《Current biology : CB》2021,31(16):R993-R995
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Nutritional conditions during key periods of development, when the architecture and modus operandi of the body become established, are of profound importance in determining the subsequent life-history trajectory of an organism. If developing individuals experience a period of nutritional deficit, they can subsequently show accelerated growth should conditions improve, apparently compensating for the initial setback. However, recent research suggests that, although compensatory growth can bring quick benefits, it is also associated with a surprising variety of costs that are often not evident until much later in adult life. Clearly, the nature of these costs, the timescale over which they are incurred and the mechanisms underlying them will play a crucial role in determining compensatory strategies. Nonetheless, such effects remain poorly understood and largely neglected by ecologists and evolutionary biologists. 相似文献
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main yeast responsible for alcoholic fermentation of grape juice during wine making. This makes wine strains of this
species perfect targets for the improvement of wine technology and quality. Progress in winemaking has been achieved through
the use of selected yeast strains, as well as genetic improvement of wine yeast strains through the sexual and pararexual
cycles, random mutagenesis and genetic engineering. Development of genetically engineered wine yeasts, their potential application,
and factors affecting their commercial viability will be discussed in this review. 相似文献
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Romina Bertinat Francisco Westermeier Rodrigo Gatica Francisco Nualart 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(1):51-60
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by the deficient secretion of insulin by pancreatic β cells, the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of the hormone, or both, and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia leading to organ damage and failure. Tight glycemic control represents the best therapy to delay or stop progression of diabetes, with many antidiabetic drugs being commercially available nowadays. However, no ideal normoglycemic agent has been developed as yet, and those already available still induce hypoglycemia and/or weight gain as major side effects, worsening glycemic control. In this respect, the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) has been proven to offer a good antidiabetic alternative in different animal models of diabetes, reducing body weight and normalizing glycemia without causing hypoglycemic episodes. The mechanisms of action mediating the potent antidiabetic actions but also the spectrum of undesirable effects of Na2WO4 are still poorly understood. In fact, along with its beneficial effects, Na2WO4 has been consistently reported to be toxic and even carcinogenic. Given that Na2WO4 is accumulated in the kidneys for elimination, here, we discuss a possible association between long-term Na2WO4 treatment and a higher risk of renal carcinogenesis in diabetic individuals. 相似文献
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