提取防风多糖的工艺优化

采用超声波强化和微波辅助提取2种方法提取防风多糖,并与传统热水浸提法在多糖的提取率上进行比较。防风多糖超声提取的最佳工艺条件为超声功率1 000 W、提取时间25 min、液固体积质量比为25,防风多糖微波提取的最佳工艺条件为微波功率560 W、液固体积质量比为30、提取时间10 min,在最佳提取工艺下,2种方法的提取率分别为6.103%和7.639%。与传统热水浸提法相比,超声法和微波法提取防风多糖具有迅速、节能、高效、提取率高等诸多优点。     

超声波强化提取罗布麻中总黄酮

本研究采用超声波强化提取罗布麻中总黄酮,选择乙醇浓度、超声功率、超声时间、料液比为因素进行正交实验优选出超声提取的最佳工艺条件：即60％浓度乙醇,料液比为1：15,在300W的超声波下超声提取10min,提取率达90％以上。采用超声波提取技术,具有提取效率高、提取时间短、提取温度低的优点。     

响应面优化-超声提取黄姜中总黄酮工艺研究

目的:利用响应面法对黄姜总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化.方法:在单因素的基础上以超声功率、超声时间、料液比、乙醇浓度为响应因素,黄姜总黄酮的提取率为响应值,根据中心组合实验原理,采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法.结果:确定提取最佳工艺参数为超声时间29.53 min、超声功率为400.76w、料液比为1:42.19、乙醇浓度为79.60％,在此条件下总黄酮提取率的预测值为11.15 (mg/g).结论:考虑到实际操作的问题,将提取最佳工艺参数修正为超声时间30 min、超声功率400w、料液比1:40、乙醇浓度80％,进行3次平行试验,结果总黄酮提取率为11.09 mg/g,绝对误差为0.057％,说明实验结果与模型吻合很好.     

超声波法提取槐花中黄酮的最佳工艺研究

本文探讨了影响超声波法槐花中黄酮提取率的主要因素,最后用正交法确定了好的提取工艺,并与常规热回流提取法作了比较研究。结果表明：超声波法优于常规热回流提取法。超声法的最佳提取条件为：使用60％乙醇,在温度75℃料液比1：15条件下提取30min,连续提取2次,黄酮的总提取率可达99．84％。     

栽培青蒿中总黄酮提取工艺

利用超声波辅助技术,获得最大限度提取青蒿中总黄酮的新工艺。用正交设计理论,结合分光光度法,优化超声波辅助醇提法提取青蒿总黄酮工艺中的关键技术参数。最佳提取．工艺为：超声波频率59kHz,乙醇体积分数60％,提取时间40min,料液比1：40。超声波辅助提取法能够实现青篙中总黄酮的高效提取,产率达1．497％。     

桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究

采用正交试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体粗多糖含量为考察指标,用苯酚—硫酸法,分别确定了热水浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声提取法的最佳工艺。通过极差分析得出:热水浸提法的最优工艺为浸提时间3 h、浸提3次、液料质量比50∶1、浸提温度90℃,粗多糖提取率为2.10%;微波提取法的最优工艺为微波处理15 min、液料质量比50∶1、提取3次,提取率为4.18%;超声提取法的最优工艺为超声30 min、提取2次、液料质量比60∶1、温度60℃、频率60 Hz,提取率为3.02%。微波辅助法与热水浸提法相比,时间缩短,且提取率提高近1倍;与超声提取法相比,时间缩短1/2,但提取率提高40%。因此,微波辅助提取法速度更快、提取效率更高、操作更简便,优于其他2种方法。     

油菜蜂花粉总黄酮几种提取方法的研究

本文分析比较了油菜蜂花粉总黄酮的4种提取方法的差异。并且采用正交实验,分别研究和确定了超声提取法及加热回流提取法的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,加热回流提取的最适条件为：温度80℃下用65％乙醇回流提取4次,每次2h,料液比为1：12。测得含量为35．18mg／g;超声提取的最适条件为：温度40℃下用1：12的料液比,超声提取25min,超声功率100W,测得含量为31．27mg／g;冷浸提取的含量为32．33mg／g;索氏提取的含量为38．06mg／g。     

超声辅助索氏提取忍冬果实中绿原酸的工艺优化

利用超声辅助索氏提取的方法从忍冬果实中提取绿原酸。单因素和正交试验表明,影响绿原酸提取率的主次顺序为:超声温度>乙醇浓度>超声时间>索氏提取时间>液料比;提取的最佳条件为:超声温度60℃,超声时间40min,乙醇浓度70%,液料比(mL∶g)30∶1,索氏提取时间2.5h。忍冬果实中绿原酸的提取率为2.95%;柱色谱分离纯化后的绿原酸红外谱图和标准品的红外谱图基本一致。本研究表明,超声辅助索氏提取忍冬果实中绿原酸的方法,缩短了提取时间,绿原酸提取率高。对忍冬果实的开发利用具有重要的指导意义。     

从蛇足石杉中超声提取石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙

用正交试验确立了超声提取蛇足石杉生物碱的最佳条件。以石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率为指标,考察了溶剂倍数、溶剂浓度、超声时间、超声功率等因素的影响。结果表明,在室温下超声提取的最优条件为：酸浓度O．8％(v／v),液固比例20：1,超声功率600W,超声15min。三次重复实验所得石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率分别是9r7．3％和93．5％,相对标准偏差分别为1．31％和1．40％(n=3)。与传统的回流提取工艺相比,过程时间从2h缩短为15min,回收率提高了10％以上。     

超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的:超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法:以超声波为提取方法,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,选取乙醇浓度(体积分数)、加溶剂倍量和超声时间为考察因素,采用均匀实验和正交实验,优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。结果:影响总黄酮提取率各因素主次为:ACB,确定最佳提取工艺为A2B3C3,即70%乙醇,加溶剂40倍量,超声提取75 min。结论:采用该工艺提取苦豆子中总黄酮,提取率较高且稳定,说明该工艺合理可行。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of some branded tea: Optimization based on polyphenol content,antioxidant potential and thermodynamic study

Tea is one of the top beverages used around the world every day, which contains a high amount of polyphenols and antioxidants. The main aim of this research is to quantify some marketed black tea (Rabea, Lipton, Alkbous, Green gold and Haritham) for phenolic contents and antioxidant potential evaluation by ultrasound solvent extraction and was compared with conventional extraction. Ultrasonic extraction was optimized by considering frequencies (26 kHz, 40 kHz), temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C), and power (30, 40 and 50%) at a fixed time of 30 min. In both the ultrasonic frequencies, 40 °C temperature and 40% power combination exhibited highest cumulative yield (mg/100 g DW), total phenolic content (mg gallic acid/g DW), flavonoids (mg/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) in all branded tea. Within each brand of tea, at any temperature-power combination at particular frequency results were not significantly different. But, at a similar condition of temperature power results were found significantly different between two frequencies. Furthermore, ultrasonic extraction process was analyzed thermodynamically by selecting some basic parameters. Thermodynamics results showed the extraction process was feasible, spontaneous and irreversible. Also, 26 kHz ultrasonic probe is more appropriate for the extraction purpose and thermodynamically more acceptable as compared to 40 kHz ultrasonic bath. Moreover, Haritham was selected as the best tea brand due to its high polyphenol contents and antioxidant potential.     

Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction,purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides

The effect of a synergized two-step subcritical water extraction (SWE) and simultaneous multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase extraction (MFu-AATPE) on the yield, physicochemical, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEPs) was investigated. Crude LEP extracted under subcritical extraction (31.14%) was purified using dual and triple frequency ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase systems giving a yield of 94.57% and 97% respectively. Compared with the dual-frequency sonication (20/40 kHz), the triple frequency sonication (20/40/60 kHz) gave maximum yield and improved the desalination rate by 33.6%. Congo red analysis revealed triple helix structures. Gas Chromatography analysis showed the existence of mannose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose whilst spectral similarities were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The average molecular weight (M_w) was 83.6170 Da, 2384 Da and 2387 Da for control, dual and triple frequency samples respectively. Ultrasound treated polysaccharides displayed stronger antioxidant activities against the 2.2-diphenyl;-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2ʹ-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, thus demonstrating their potency in reducing oxidation. However, the microstructure of the triple frequency treated sample was altered compared to the dual-frequency sample. Therefore, this study demonstrated the efficacy of SWE in crude LEPs extraction and illustrated MFu-AATPE as an efficient technique that selectively isolates polysaccharides and enhances extraction efficiencies.     

鹿蹄草中2″-O-没食子酰基金丝桃苷的提取工艺研究

以东北野生鹿蹄草为原料,利用超声辅助提取技术进行提取,在单因素实验的基础上对提取条件进行了考察,根据CCD(Central Composite Design)实验设计原理,采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,以鹿蹄草中主要黄酮2″-O-没食子酰基金丝桃苷(2″-O-galloylhyperin)为指标,对提取过程进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为：提取时间45 min,超声功率40 kHz,提取次数3次,提取温度60℃,液固比33∶1,乙醇浓度50%。在最佳提取条件下,2″-O-没食子酰基金丝桃苷的提取率可达5.024 mg·g^-1。     

超声波对发酵液中提取透明质酸的影响

目的：提高发酵液中透明质酸的提取率。方法：应用超声波预处理发酵液的方法对醇沉法提取透明质酸的影响进行研究。结果：在超声波功率100W、处理温度15℃、处理时间10min时,透明质酸提取率相对于未经超声波处理的发酵液提高了38.6%。因此,超声波预处理透明质酸发酵液可以达到提高透明质酸提取率的目的。     

Microwave-assisted extraction of homoharringtonine from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cephalotaxus koreana</Emphasis>

An efficient method using microwave energy was developed to extract homoharringtonine (HHT), an alkaloid component effective in the treatment of leukemia, from Cephalotaxus koreana. The effects of major process parameters on extraction efficiency were also investigated. Using a fixed biomass-to-methanol ratio of 1:8 (w/v), an extraction temperature of 30°C, an extraction time of 20 min, and a stirrer velocity of 250 rpm, a 25% higher yield of HHT was achieved using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) than using conventional solvent extraction. It was possible to recover more than 95% of the HHT by extracting twice using MAE. In addition, the HHT yield increased as the extraction temperature increased, but the content of plant-derived tar and waxy compounds increased as well. Removal of these impurities and of the pigments from extracts was most effectively accomplished at a mixing ratio of biomass-to-sylopute of 1:1.5 (w/w). The effects of using different organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethanol, or methanol) for MAE were also assessed; the highest extraction efficiency was obtained using methanol. When the agitation speed was altered, most of the HHT (> 99%) was recovered at 250 rpm. A mixing ratio of biomass-to-methanol of 1:6 (w/v) at an extraction temperature of 40°C and an extraction time of 10 min proved to be the most effective for reducing processing time and organic solvent usage while enabling nearly all of the HHT (> 99%) to be recovered.     

Effect of temperature on the extraction kinetics and diffusivity of Cyclosporin A in the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum

The influence of temperature on the extraction kinetics of Cyclosporin A (CyA) from the mycelia of Tolypocladium inflatum was examined in this study. The extraction of CyA from mycelia was performed in a 2-L stirred, baffled vessel using 30% v/v aqueous methanol. The temperature range used was from 5 to 45 degrees C. A linear relationship was found between the extraction yield of CyA and temperature. As the temperature increased, the yield of CyA increased with a maximum CyA yield of 18.3% obtained at 45 degrees C, which is 21.3% higher than the yield at 25 degrees C. The activation energy for the extraction of CyA from T. inflatum was found to be 36.7 kJ/mol, which indicates that the extraction of CyA from T. inflatum is controlled by both solubilization of CyA and diffusion of CyA through the solid phase of mycelia. The overall mass transfer coefficient, k(L)a(S), was found to increase from 1.02 x 10(-3) to 1.34 x 10(-2) s(-1) as the temperature increased from 5 to 45 degrees C. The effective diffusivity of CyA in the solid matrix of mycelia was found to increase from 1.05 x 10(-15) to 1.43 x 10(-14) m(2)/s as the temperature increased from 5 to 45 degrees C. A mathematical diffusion model was developed and was used to fit the experimental kinetic data of CyA extraction and determination of CyA effective diffusivities at different temperatures. This is the first time CyA diffusivities as a function of extraction temperature are reported in the literature.     

酶法辅助超声波微波仪从胡桃青皮中提取胡桃醌的工艺研究

以胡桃青皮为原料,在优化酶解与超声波微波萃取仪提取条件下,用硅胶层析法制取胡桃醌,并检测其纯度和含量。经过对多种提取条件的优化,确定其最佳酶解条件为:1%纤维素酶和1%果胶酶各400μL等量混合,固液比1∶20,温度55℃,pH 6.2,时间15 h。最佳提取条件是以氯仿作提取剂,固液比1∶20;在超声波恒定条件下,超声波微波萃取仪处理15 min;设置温度分别为55、60、65℃,超声波功率800、900、1 000 W,微波功率200、250、300 W,超声波频率25 kHz,模式15∶10,电机转速900 r·min-1。硅胶柱干法上样,用氯仿和石油醚分阶段洗脱得到较纯的胡桃醌制品。光度计测得胡桃醌平均含量为0.49%,纯度为81.7%。     

Optimization and economic evaluation of ultrasound extraction of lutein from Chlorella vulgaris

The main carotenoid in Chlorella vulgaris is lutein. The ultrasound alone or together with enzymatic pretreatment for the extraction of lutein from C. vulgaris was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to improve the extraction process. The optimal ultrasound extraction condition was: ultrasound frequency, 35 kHz; ultrasound intensity, 56.58 W/cm²; extraction temperature, 37.7°C; extraction time, 5 h; and ratio of solvent to solid, 31 mL/g, where the lutein recovery was 3.16 ± 0.03 mg/g wet C. vulgaris. The optimal enzymatic pretreatment was: reaction time, 2 h; enzyme concentration, 1.23% (v/w); pH, 4.5, and temperature 50°C. The optimal ultrasound extraction with enzymatic pretreatment was: ultrasound frequency, 35 kHz; ultrasound intensity, 56.58 W/cm²; extraction temperature, 37.7°C; extraction time, 162 min; and ratio of solvent to solid, 35.6 mL/g wet C. vulgaris, where the extraction yield of lutein was 3.36 ± 0.10 mg/g wet C. vulgaris. This was much higher than for ultrasound treatment alone. The surface areas of microalga cells treated by ultrasound with/without enzymatic pretreatment increased significantly, which might contribute to the increase in lutein yield. There were no significant differences in structure, color, and antioxidant activity of lutein between the ultrasound and conventional methods. The highest cost of the crude and lutein was obtained by the ultrasound with enzymatic pretreatment due to the complex process and liquid waste in the enzymatic pretreatment process, but the ultrasound treatment alone was the lowest. Therefore, ultrasound extraction is the most economical method for the extraction of microalgal lutein.     

超声辅助低水比提取无患子皂素工艺过程研究

无患子皂素是一种天然的表面活性剂,具有良好的乳化、分散、发泡、湿润等功效。采用超声波辅助法低水比无患子皂素提取优化工艺为:超声频率20 kHz,超声时间20 min,料液比1∶6,超声功率800 W,提取温度60℃,皂素提取得率为37.27%。超声波辅助法提取无患子皂素可以减少过程用水量,降低能耗,提高皂素得率。