The timing of maize leaf senescence and characterisation of senescence-related cDNAs

Leaf senescence was characterised in two Zea mays lines, earlier senescence (ES) and later senescence (LS). Loss of chlorophyll was delayed in LS compared with ES, but the decline in photosynthesis occurred simultaneously in the two lines. Western analysis detected transition points during senescence of both lines when major quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in a number of leaf proteins. Differences in the pattern of translatable mRNAs were apparent earlier than alterations in pigment or protein levels. A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA from ES leaves early in senescence and differential screening was employed to isolate senescence-related clones. Two senescence-enhanced cDNAs showed sequence homology with cDNAs for seed proteins - a cysteine protease and a protein-processing enzyme. These findings suggest that there are similarities between gene expression during seed maturation, germination and leaf senescence. Other senescence-enhanced cDNAs were related to genes implicated in gluconeogenesis and chlorophyll breakdown.     

NOBOX基因的cDNA克隆及其特性分析

NOBOX(新生儿卵巢同源基因)是一个卵母细胞特异性表达的同源基因,在早期滤泡发生中起重要的作用。本研究结合电子克隆的方法,从猪卵母细胞中成功地克隆了NOBOX基因的全长cDNA序列(GenBank Accession No.FJ587509)。猪NOBOX基因的cDNA全长为1768 bp,包含1419 bp的开放阅读框。生物信息学分析表明NOBOX基因编码了472个氨基酸,分子量为51.08 kD,等电点为5.73。该蛋白定位于细胞核中,含有一个保守的结构域——cd00086。借助Clustalw软件,采用N-J算法构建了NOBOX蛋白的系统进化树,分析了不同物种间的进化关系。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析该基因在母猪不同组织、细胞及4种孤雌激活胚胎的表达模式,结果表明该基因在母猪各组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在心脏、肾脏和卵母细胞中表达水平较高,推测其可能在心脏、肾脏和卵母细胞中发挥着重要的作用;NOBOX基因在胚胎发育阶段的表达水平高于G-V期的卵母细胞,表明在胚胎发育阶段pNOBOX的表达增强。     

Cloning and characterization of salicylic acid-induced, intracellular pathogenesis-related gene from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Intracellular pathogenesis-related gene (IPR) from tomato was cloned from a salicylic acid (SA) induced cDNA library and was designated asTSI-1 (tomato stress induced-1). The deduced amino acid sequence ofTSI-1 codes for a 178 amino acid polypeptide of molecular weight 20.4 kDa.TSI-1 is highly homologous to the potatoSTH-2 andSTH-21 IPR and tree pollen allergens which cause type I allergic reactions in humans.TSI-1 lacks a signal peptide like other IPR members. It is organized as a multigene family and is inducible by SA andFusarium oxysporum infection.     

Molecular characterization of four chitinase cDNAs obtained fromCladosporium fulvum-infected tomato

Complementary DNA clones encoding acidic and basic isoforms of tomato chitinases were isolated fromCladosporium fulvum-infected leaves. The clones were sequenced and found to encode the 30 kDa basic intracellular and the 26 and 27 kDa acidic extracellular tomato chitinases previously purified (M.H.A.J. Joostenet al., in preparation). A fourth truncated cDNA which appears to encode an extracellular chitinase with 82% amino acid similarity to the 30 kDa intracellular chitinase was also isolated. Characterization of the clones revealed that the 30 kDa basic intracellular protein is a class I chitinase and that the 26 and 27 kDa acidic extracellular proteins which have 85% peptide sequence similarity are class II chitinases. The characterized cDNA clones represent four from a family of at least six tomato chitinases. Southern blot analysis indicated that, with the exception of the 30 kDa basic intracellular chitinase, the tomato chitinases are encoded by one or two genes. Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA encoding the 26 kDa acidic extracellular chitinase is induced more rapidly during an incompatibleC. fulvum-tomato interaction than during a compatible interaction. This difference in timing of mRNA induction was not observed for the 30 kDa basic intracellular chitinase.     

玉米ST和ATPS部分cDNA序列克隆及分析

硫酸盐转运蛋白(ST)和ATP硫酸化酶(ATPS)是根系吸收硫酸盐和植物体内硫酸盐同化过程的关键蛋白和酶,在硫酸盐的生物转运过程中具有重要作用.以水培玉米农大108根系为材料,并根据已报道的玉米的硫酸盐转运蛋白和ATP硫酸化酶基因保守序列分别设计PCR引物对,采用RT-PCR方法克隆到783 bp和820 bp的部分硫酸盐转运蛋白和ATP硫酸化酶cDNA片段,分别命名为ST_ND108和ATPS_ND108.序列分析和比对结果显示,ST_ND108与已报道的玉米和水稻的高亲和型硫酸盐转运蛋白基因同源性分别为99%和85%;而ATPS_ND108与已报道的玉米ATP硫酸化酶基因同源性达到97%,进化树聚类分析和预测氨基酸的BLAST结果证实ST_ND108为高亲和性硫酸盐转运蛋白基因片段,ATPS_ND108为质体ATP硫酸化酶基因片段.     

Use of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a natural lipid, to retard tomato leaf and fruit senescence

We studied the influence of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) on the pattern and rate of ethylene production and respiration of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. H7155) leaflets and fruit. Leaflets that had been senescing on the plant showed a climacteric-like rise in ethylene production but not in respiration rate which decreased continuously with leaf age. Detached leaflets had a climacteric-like pattern in respiration whether they were incubated in complete darkness or in light. Detached leaflets incubated in the dark had higher rates of ethylene production and CO₂ evolution than did light-incubated leaves. There was no change in the pattern of ethylene production or CO₂ evolution as a result of LPE treatment. However, LPE-treated attached and detached leaflets had consistently lower rates of CO₂ evolution. The reduction in CO₂ evolution by LPE was most pronounced at the climacteric-like peak of the detached leaves. LPE-treated leaflets had a higher chlorophyll content and fresh weight and lower electrolyte leakage than the control. LPE-treated fruits had lower rates of ethylene and CO₂ production than did the control. LPE-treated fruits also had higher pericarp firmness and lower electrolyte leakage than the control. The results of the present study provide evidence that LPE is able to retard senescence of attached leaves and detached leaves and tomato fruits. Several recent studies suggest that lysolipids can act in a specific manner as metabolic regulators. Our results suggest a specific role of lysolipid LPE in aging and senescence     

Cloning of cDNAs from a mammalian expression library by a direct selection-amplification method

A sensitive method was devised for cloning cDNAs from a mammalian expression library based on singlecell detection and selection of transfected cells. The method is applicable for cloning cell-surface or cytoplasmic proteins for which a detection assay, such as immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical reactivity, exists. The widely used eukaryotic expression vector cdm8 is utilized, and the method is demonstrated using the gene for C-CAM, a liver glycoprotein adhesion molecule. After transfection, cells are plated out on a collagen gel substrate to allow retrieval of selected cells. Simultaneous fixation and permeabilization with acetone permits immunological and histochemical detection of cell-surface and cytoplasmic proteins without loss of plasmid vector. Inserts of interest are recovered by PCR with vector primers. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

小麦中两个肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因的分离和表达分析

肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶（CCR）负责催化木质素单体生物合成中最重要的代谢反应,它将类苯丙酸类代谢物转移到木质素的合成途径中,为了更好地了解木质素在小麦生长发育中的作用,从小麦（Triticum aestivum L.ev,H4564)中克隆了两个肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶的cDNA,相似性和进化关系的分析表明这两个cDNA片段分别属于不同的肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶,这两个cDNA片段分别命名为W－cr6和W-cr19,RT-PCR和Northen杂交结果证明,W－cr6基因主要在小麦的茎和叶中表达,W－cr19基因主要在根和茎中表达,上述结果表明在小麦的基因组中至少存在两类肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因。     

载脂蛋白E3的克隆及原核表达

载脂蛋白Ｅ(ａｐｏｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＥ ,ａｐｏＥ)由 2 99个氨基酸组成 ,分子量 34ｋＤ ,是维持人体正常脂质代谢的必需蛋白质 .它是乳糜微粒 (ＣＭ )、极低密度脂蛋白 (ＶＬＤＬ)和高密度脂蛋白 (ＨＤＬ)的组分 ,是极低密度脂蛋白受体的重要配体 ,是脂质进入细胞不可缺少的中介 .ａｐｏＥ有 3种同分异构体 :ａｐｏＥ2、ａｐｏＥ3、ａｐｏＥ4 ,分别具有不同的生理作用 .ａｐｏＥ4与血浆高胆固醇、心血管疾病和老年痴呆等疾病关联[1～ 3 ] .ａｐｏＥ2与Ⅲ型高脂血症有关 ,并对老年痴呆有防治作用[4,5] .ａｐｏＥ3是大多数健康人所具有…     

Cloning of a Novel Rat Gene, DB83, That Encodes a Putative Membrane Protein

Using a partial cDNA sequence and a 5'-RACE technique, we isolateda novel cDNA from rat liver referred to as DB83. DB83 had fourhydrophobic trans-membrane domains and one N-myristoylationsite as well as multiple possible phosphorylation sites. Thedb83 gene was highly expressed in the liver and significantlyin brain, lungs and kidneys. We suggest that DB83 is a tissue-specificputative membrane protein.