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1.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
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Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
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Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
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Debates over adaptationism can be clarified and partially resolved by careful consideration of the ‘grain’ at which evolutionary
processes are described. The framework of ‘adaptive landscapes’ can be used to illustrate and facilitate this investigation.
We argue that natural selection may have special status at an intermediate grain of analysis of evolutionary processes. The
cases of sickle-cell disease and genomic imprinting are used as case studies.
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Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
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J. R. Martin 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2008,5(1):41-55
In this paper I focus on the limits of narrative by asking what kinds of things narratives do, and what kinds of texts do
related things in other ways. In particular I focus on how narrative genres organise time in relation to value, drawing on
functional linguistic models of temporality and evaluation. From a linguistic perspective, the various narrative genres negotiate
different kinds of solidarity with listeners, and so the limits of narrative materialise various possibilities for communing
in a culture, alongside the potentialities for construing community through related and other genres of discourse—since in
general, the limits/possibilities of our language (and attendant modalities of communication) are the limits/possibilities
of our social world.
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J. R. MartinEmail: |
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Community Attachment: The Complexity and Consequence of the Natural Environment Facet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joan M. Brehm 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(4):477-488
The primary objective of this paper is to examine more closely the complex nature of the natural environment dimension of
community attachment using the narratives of local community members. This work seeks to build and elaborate on previous quantitative
analyses that demonstrated two distinct dimensions of community attachment––social and natural environment. The findings reveal
several distinct facets of the natural environment dimension of community attachment and demonstrate both a discreet perception
of the natural environment in terms of community attachment as well as one that is more embedded within the social context
of a particular lifestyle. The findings further demonstrate the need to include consideration of the natural environment in
the broader assessment of community attachment and bolster previous quantitative research findings.
相似文献
Joan M. BrehmEmail: |
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Emily Ng 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2009,33(3):421-450
Past works in anthropology and psychology have described the Chinese orientation toward life as situation-centered with an
external locus of control. This model has also been applied to the understanding of affect disorders in China—depressive patients
have been found to focus on outside circumstances surrounding dysphoric moods. However, dramatic economic, sociopolitical
and cultural changes in post-Mao China may be affecting these cognitive orientations toward emotional distress. This paper
focuses on the subjective experiences of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder in China. The study is based on semistructured
interviews with patients at a Western-style mental health institution in Shenzhen, the first successful Special Economic Zone
in China. My data suggest that the location of agency has shifted across generations. Whereas those who grew up in the Maoist
era are inclined to use external circumstances to explain the control over and responsibility for their illness, younger patients
tend to emphasize self-blame and individual responsibility. I argue that these intergenerational differences in ethnopsychology
relate to the multifaceted rise of individualism in post-Mao China. The paper ends with an examination of this observed shift
vis-à-vis recent theories of neoliberal discipline in China and a discussion of potential psychological implications.
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Emily NgEmail: |
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Anthropologists and psychiatrists traditionally have used the salience of a mind–body dichotomy to distinguish Western from
non-Western ethnopsychologies. However, despite claims of mind–body holism in non-Western cultures, mind–body divisions are
prominent in non-Western groups. In this article, we discuss three issues: the ethnopsychology of mind–body dichotomies in
Nepal, the relationship between mind–body dichotomies and the hierarchy of resort in a medical pluralistic context, and, finally,
the role of mind–body dichotomies in public health interventions (biomedical and psychosocial) aimed toward decreasing the
stigmatization of mental illness. We assert that, by understanding mind–body relations in non-Western settings, their implications,
and ways in which to reconstitute these relations in a less stigmatizing manner, medical anthropologists and mental health
workers can contribute to the reduction of stigma in global mental health care.
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Brandon A. KohrtEmail: |
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Pervasive Grid adoption is predicated on the availability of widely deployed usable software and a user community willing
to use it. Currently, widespread adoption of Grids, even within technically sophisticated communities, is limited, and determining
and eliminating these barriers to adoption are essential in order for Grids to becoming widely capitalized. Through a series
of face-to-face interviews conducted during the summer of 2004, we have identified issues relating to job submission, file
transfer, usability, and systems management that must be resolved in order to improve the usability of Grid infrastructures.
The background to these issues and some possible solutions are described in this paper.
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Jennifer M. SchopfEmail: |
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A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
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Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
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Cooperative child care among humans, where individuals other than the biological mother (allomothers) provide care, may increase
a mother’s fertility and the survivorship of her children. Although the potential benefits to the mother are clear, the motivations
for allomothers to provide care are less clear. Here, we evaluate the kin selection allomothering hypothesis using observations
on Hadza hunter-gatherers collected in ten camps over 17 months. Our results indicate that related allomothers spend the largest
percentage of time holding children. The higher the degree of relatedness among kin, the more time they spend holding, supporting
the hypothesis of nepotism as the strongest motivation for providing allomaternal care. Unrelated helpers of all ages also
provide a substantial amount of investment, which may be motivated by learning to mother, reciprocity, or coercion.
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Frank W. MarloweEmail: |
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Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
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Terry HarmerEmail: |
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Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
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Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
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Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
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Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
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Reade Davis Jennifer Whalen Barbara Neis 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(6):851-867
Over the last two decades, demands by fish harvesters for greater input into policy-making, combined with government cutbacks to fisheries management agencies, have resulted in a proliferation of community-based fisheries comanagement projects in many countries. One such example is found on Newfoundland’s Eastport Peninsula, where a group of lobster harvesters have formed a unique partnership with federal government bureaucrats and university researchers in an effort to protect local lobster stocks from increasing fishing pressure. This paper draws upon interviews with lobster harvesters and others with close ties to the Eastport project in exploring the reasons for the development of this initiative and identifying existing and potential obstacles to its long-term success.
相似文献
Reade DavisEmail: |
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Cell division in tissues can be investigated in various ways. We present here a method for improving cell recovery and cell
cycle analysis for a wide range of mouse tissues. This strategy combines a cell isolation procedure for various mouse tissues
based on intracardiac perfusion and subsequent treatment followed by flow cytometry. This easy and reproducible method allows
a rapid analysis of nuclear DNA content, providing an estimate of the cell number at different phases of the cell cycle. This
combined procedure could also be used for the isolation of specific cell subpopulations from different mouse tissues by fluorescence
activated cell sorting.
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Geneviève GourdonEmail: |