贵州中寒武世凯里生物群双刺吐卓虫(Tuzoia bispinosa)个体发育的研究

大型双瓣壳节肢动物是凯里生物群中重要组成部分,其中吐卓虫属（Tuzoia）最为常见,化石标本达200多件。吐卓虫常见于全球早、中寒武世地层,地理分布广泛,在地层对比和古环境研究中具有重要意义。文章运用数理统计和对比研究的方法,详细检测130多块双刺吐卓虫（Tuzoia bispinosa Yuan and Zhao,1999）化石标本,发现明显可分为幼年期、青年期和成年期3个不同的生长发育阶段。文中探讨双刺吐卓虫的个体发育,确认先前建立的凯里生物群中Tuzoia的2个种：Tuzoia bispinosa和T．magna,应为Tuzoia bispinosa一种。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”Tuzoia*

大型双瓣壳节肢动物吐卓虫Tuzoia是一个形态丰富的属,广泛分布在北美、中国、澳大利亚和捷克的寒武系第二、三统中。文中报道了采自贵州剑河八郎"清虚洞组"的吐卓虫的2种:即Tuzoia jianheensis sp.nov.与T.bispinosa Yuan and Zhao,1999。新种的主要特征为中后刺、后腹刺细长,腹部边缘发育有锯齿状边缘刺,壳面网纹细密,不同于Tuzoia的其他种,有较强地域性。新种化石数量占优,占总数三分之二。T.bispinisa背缘发育有三角形或近三角形背刺,前后铰突发育,壳面的网纹以不规则六边形为主,网眼大。T.jianheensis sp.nov.与上覆凯里组的T.bispinosa对比研究,得出Tuzoia的壳长有变短的趋势。     

东北吐卓虫(Tuzoia manchuriensis)完整个体在山东潍坊寒武系的首次发现

首次报道山东潍坊馒头组上部(寒武系第三统)的东北吐卓虫Tuzoia manchuriensis,该种的模式标本产自辽宁省烟台镇东南3.2km的当十岭,但保存不很完整。潍坊标本在后腹缘处有两个明显、粗壮的边缘刺,前腹缘处有许多呈锯齿状小刺,这是辽宁标本所没有保存的特征,是对模式种的重要补充。另外,潍坊标本个体较大,而辽宁标本个体较小,长约40mm,且长高比(0.64)与潍坊标本(0.71)有较大差距,推测模式种可能是幼体。根据与潍坊Tuzoia共生的三叶虫,认为其时代为寒武纪第三世中期(长清期早期),相当于华南寒武纪第三世王村期早期或国际上鼓山期早期(Drumian),比布尔吉斯页岩生物群时代略晚。     

节肢动物吐卓虫咬痕化石在云南昆明附近寒武纪早期关山生物群的发现及意义*

本文报道了一块来自云南省昆明市附近寒武纪第二世第四期关山生物群具咬痕的双瓣壳节肢动物吐卓虫 (Tuzoia)化石, 系吐卓虫咬痕化石在全球范围的首次发现。该发现证实作为主动捕食者的吐卓虫很可能被大型捕食者(如奇虾类或莱德利基虫类三叶虫等)捕食, 说明寒武纪早期的海洋生物群落已经具有高度复杂化的食物链, 为进一步了解吐卓虫的生态位及深入探讨寒武纪大爆发时期海洋生态系统食物网结构提供了新的信息。     

节肢动物吐卓虫咬痕化石在云南昆明附近寒武纪早期关山生物群的发现及意义*

本文报道了一块来自云南省昆明市附近寒武纪第二世第四期关山生物群具咬痕的双瓣壳节肢动物吐卓虫 (Tuzoia)化石, 系吐卓虫咬痕化石在全球范围的首次发现。该发现证实作为主动捕食者的吐卓虫很可能被大型捕食者(如奇虾类或莱德利基虫类三叶虫等)捕食, 说明寒武纪早期的海洋生物群落已经具有高度复杂化的食物链, 为进一步了解吐卓虫的生态位及深入探讨寒武纪大爆发时期海洋生态系统食物网结构提供了新的信息。     

凯里生物群腕足动物与游泳动物共存现象研究

腕足动物是贵州凯里生物群中重要的化石门类,不仅化石数量丰富,分异度高,还具有丰富的生态现象。在寒武系的化石记录上,腕足动物常与海绵、藻类、棘皮动物、水母状生物、软舌螺、威瓦西亚虫、其他腕足动物等保存在一起,凯里生物群中的腕足动物也有类似的共存现象。本文就凯里生物群中腕足动物与游泳动物的共存现象进行了初步研究,认为腕足动物与贵州拟轮盘水母Pararotadiscus guizhouensis存在共栖、共埋两种关系,讨论了这两种关系的不同之处;分析了腕足动物与大型双瓣壳节肢动物加拿大虫Canadaspis的共存现象,推测一只腕足动物与Canadaspis共同保存的化石记录表明这两种生物存在共栖关系。本文的研究丰富了凯里生物群物种之间的生态关系,为凯里生物群的生态多样性提供了更多的证据。     

贵州剑河寒武系苗岭统凯里组太阳女神螺类几何形态学研究*

太阳女神螺类(helcionellids)是寒武纪常见的一类软体动物,广布全球,多见于碳酸盐岩沉积地层中,而布尔吉斯页岩型生物群中却少有报道。贵州剑河凯里生物群是典型的特异埋藏化石库,产有700余件太阳女神螺类标本,这在世界各地同时期的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群中是很少见的。本文对贵州剑河八郎寒武系凯里组太阳女神螺类化石标本进行了系统研究,采用几何形态测量学的典型变量分析进行量化分析。几何形态测量学(Geometric morphometrics)是用界标点或轮廓线等来描绘生物的形态或者标记特征部位及器官,将生物形态特征归纳为数据变化的定量学方法,其中的典型变量分析(Canonical Variate Analysis)是多变量分析中进行判别分析的一个重要方法,可以用于多组数据之间的判别。CVA判别结果显示:利用壳体侧视轮廓线判别Dorispira属中三个种的正确率为92%,验证了Dorispira accordinonata、D.taijiangensis和D.cf.pearylandica化石种分类合理性。本文研究表明即使壳体形态较为相似的类群,也可以较为准确地使用CVA量化其中的差别,...     

贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)的发现

本文描述了贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群和台江中寒武世凯里生物群中保存完整的斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)中斗篷海绵(Choia)和小斗篷海绵(Choiaella)化石标本,共计2属2种2未定种：Choia zunyiensis sp.nov.,Choia sp.,Choiaella avata sp.nov.和Choiaella sp.。Choia分布很广．在我国下寒武统澄江生物群及北美中寒武统的四大生物群中均有产出。Choiaella原仅产于我国澄江生物群,凯里生物群中Choiaella的发现使其时代上延至中寒武世。贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科的发现及研究为海绵动物的早期演化及古地理学等方面的研究提供了重要的新材料。     

贵州剑河寒武纪凯里生物群中峨眉虫(Emeiella Lee,1975)的初步研究

贵州剑河寒武纪凯里生物群的高肌虫风雅峨眉虫(相似种)Emeiella cf.venusta和峨眉虫(未定种)Emeiellasp.化石,曾被描述为梁山虫(未定种)Liangshanellasp.,作者认为这些化石发育有细长的背脊,不符合Liangshanella的属征,厘定为峨眉虫Emeiella Lee,1975的1个相似种和1个未定种。相似种以具半圆形的壳、细长而平直的背脊且与背边平行的特点,区别于峨眉虫属的其它种;未定种壳受压扁长,呈半椭圆形,背脊细而长,暂作未定种处理。凯里生物群中Emeiella的产出,不仅增加了该属新的种群、地理分布由扬子区扩大至扬子-江南之间的过渡区、时代从寒武纪第二世延伸至苗岭世,也为寒武纪高肌虫的分类、地理分布、演化研究提供了新的材料。     

贵州凯里生物群中的宏观藻类化石丘尔藻(Chuaria)及其意义

丘尔藻Chuaria Walcott,1899是宏观藻类中研究最早、延续时限最长的一类宏观藻类化石,它是新元古代赵家山生物群、淮南生物群及西陵峡动物群的代表分子之一.寒武纪第3世凯里生物群中Chuaria化石的产出,不仅是其最年青的代表,也是凯里生物群中宏观藻类组合中较为重要的分子之一.凯里生物群中Chuaria化石呈...     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.