重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）在工程菌ｐＣＧ－１／ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ／ＤＨ５ａ中以无活性的包涵体形式大量表达。经过菌体破碎分离包涵体、包涵体变性复性后,ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ的活性得到恢复。用离子交换和疏水层析纯化了ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ,比活性达１．５７×１０８ｕ／ｍｇ,纯度大于９８％。     

人粒细胞集落刺激因子受体膜外区在昆虫细胞中的表达

以胎盘组织提取的mRNA为模板,RTPCR扩增人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)受体膜外区CRH的cDNA片段,克隆于供体质粒pF_ASTB_AC1,与杆状病毒表达载体Bacmid同源重组后,转染昆虫细胞SF9,获得重组杆状病毒并证明了CRH的高效表达。表达产物经G-CSF亲和层析进一步纯化,纯度可达90%以上。受体竞争性结合实验结果表明,该表达产物能特异性结合G-CSF,具有较高的亲和力(Kd=3.8nmol/L)。     

脂多糖诱导人外周血单核细胞产生粒细胞集落刺激因子

用聚蔗糖－泛影葡胺分离液从正常人新鲜抗凝的外周血中分离出单核细胞。在组织培养条件下以大肠杆菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导单核细胞,使其产生人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ和ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ。不同时间取出经诱导的细胞和培养上清液,分别用逆转录－合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法和双单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法检测细胞的转录产物和表达产物。结果表明：加入ＬＰＳ后的第４到第１２小时,单核细胞内有显著量ｈＧ－ＣＳ     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

对重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）高效表达克隆ｐＺＷ．ＧＭ的表达产物进行了纯化,并对纯化的ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ进行了Ｎ端氨基酸序列分析。人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因表达产物在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过超声破菌、包涵体抽提、凝胶过滤层析、复性、离子交换一系列化步骤,终产物纯度达９９％,按蛋白总量计算回收率达１０％,比活性达１×１０＾７ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白质。通过测定纯化人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的Ｎ端１     

人粒细胞集落刺激因子hG—CSF cDNA在大肠杆菌中表…

在不改变编码蛋白质氨基酸序列的前提下,利用合成ＤＮＡ接头的方法,在原始ｃＤＮＡ克隆基础上,构建了５＇端密码子富含ＡＴ的ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ突变体,使ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ得以在大肠杆菌中表达,但表达水平很低,借助相同的手段,在ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ ５＇端增加２４核苷酸对的ＦＬＡＧ肽编码序列,构建了ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ杂合蛋白（在ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ成熟蛋白Ｎ末端增加８氨基酸残基ＦＬＡＧ肽,二者结合点为肠激肽酶     

人粒细胞集落激因子cDNA的克隆,序列鉴定及初步表达

利用多聚酶链反应技术,从人膀胱癌细胞系５６３７细胞中快速扩增并克隆了人粒细胞集落刺激因子ｃＤＮＡ,序列分析证明,该ｃＤＮＡ包含人粒细胞集落刺激因子的全部编码基因,全长６１２ｂｐ,编码３０个氨基酸的信号肽和１７４个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。其中第４３位ｃｏｄｏｎ出现一个碱基的突变（ＣＡＣ→ＴＡＣ）导至第４３位氨基酸的改变（组氨酸→酪氨酸）。经逆转录病毒导入ＳＰ２／０细胞并初步表达。结果表明：该基因产物具有Ｇ     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的复性研究

通过小试研究对重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)的复性条件,如氧化剂和还原剂比例、操作方法、时间和蛋白浓度,进行了优化选择,并在此基础上进行了中试放大试验的验证.试验结果表明,采用优化后的复性方法复性液中rhG-CSF的效价可达到1.8×107U/ml以上,比活性达到0.9×108/mg以上.     

人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA的克隆、序列鉴定及初步表达

利用多聚酶链反应技术,从人膀胱癌细胞系5637细胞中快速扩增并克隆了人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA,序列分析证明,该cDNA包含人粒细胞集落刺激因子的全部编码基因,全长612bp,编码30个氨基酸的信号肽和174个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。其中第43位codon出现一个碱基的突变(CAC→TAC)导至第43位氨基酸的改变(组氨酸→酪氨酸)。经逆转录病毒导入SP2/0细胞并初步表达。结果表明:该基因产物具有G-CSF活性。     

重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子包涵体提取、复性和纯化的研究

由基因工程大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）以包涵体的形式存在于细胞中,通过破菌、洗涤获得包涵体,再经过溶解、凝胶过滤、复性、疏水和离子交换柱导析得到了均一的产品,经高压液相和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳测定纯度均大于９８％,ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的比活为３．２×１０＾７ＩＵ／ｍｇ,纯化获得的ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ为一酸性蛋白,等电点约为５．２,ＮＨ２－末端有２０个氨基酸序列测定结果     

The Production of Miniantibodies Against Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Using the Murine scFv Combinatory Library

To develop a phage display of single-chain antibodies (scFv), fractions of total cell DNA and RNA were obtained from splenocytes of naive mice. The DNA fragments encoding variable regions of light and heavy immunoglobulin chains were amplified and isolated using primers specific to the conservative regions of these genes. The construction of the library was based on the principle of stochastic combining the DNA fragments encoding the light and heavy antibody chains with the DNA linker, whose structure corresponded to the (Gly₄Ser)₃ sequence. The scFv library was constructed using the E. coli TG1 strain and the phagemid vector pHEN1. The repertoire of the library exceeded 5 × 10⁷ independent recombinant clones. The clones producing antibodies to human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were isolated. The affinity constants of the resulting scFv were in the range of 2 × 10⁴ to 1.8 × 10⁷ M^–1.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)基因在鱼腥藻中的克隆

为了将rhG-CSF基因在鱼腥藻PCC 7120中克隆,用于制备口服制剂,利用DNA重组技术,在不改变阅读杠的前提下,将hG-CSF基因进行突变,并插入到pUC-19载体上,构建中间载体pUC=G-CSF;将pUC-G-CSF插入到pRL-489的启动子PpsbA的下游,构建穿梭表达载体pRL-G-CSF;通过三亲接合转移方法,将pRL-G-CSF转入丝状体蓝藻鱼腥藻PCC 7120内。本试验得到了有抗生素性的鱼腥藻,并用PCR技术检测到rhG-CSF基因在转基因鱼腥藻中存在。     

具有GCSF活性的噬菌体展示肽

从NFS 6 0细胞中克隆了小鼠粒细胞集落刺激因子 (granulocytecolony stimulatingfactor,G CSF)受体的细胞因子受体同源区 (cytokinereceptorhomologous ,CRH)结构域 ,采用GST融合表达策略 ,实现了CRH结构域的表达 .以纯化的GST CRH融合蛋白为靶 ,从噬菌体随机环七肽库中筛选CRH结构域的结合肽 ,找到两组具有核心序列的噬菌体展示肽 .其中C2和C13噬菌体展示肽能刺激NFS 6 0细胞增殖 ,说明C2和C13噬菌体展示肽具有G CSF活性     

Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Granulocytopenic Mice with Pulmonary Candidiasis and Its Modification with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

In the present study, a lethal model of pulmonary candidiasis was established using granulocytopenic mice with cyclophosphamide. These mice started to die 1 day after infection and had all died within the next 48 hr. The counts of live C. albicans in the lung gradually increased with time, while the organisms were quickly eliminated in the normal mice. From the histology and measurements on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) response was almost zero up to 24 hr, and then a weak but significant response was observed at 48 hr, while a marked accumulation of PMN was detected from as early as 6 hr in normal mice. In contrast, macrophages had accumulated in BALF by 48 hr in granulocytopenic mice, but not in normal mice. Both in serum and BALF, a considerable level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected from 6 hr, peaking at 24 to 48 hr, while in normal mice the quantity was under the detection limit in serum and very low in BALF. The effects of administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on these parameters were next examined. G-CSF significantly prolonged the survival time of granulocytopenic mice, promoted the clearance of organisms through increasing the counts of PMN in the lung, and strongly inhibited the production of TNF-α both in BALF and serum. These results suggest that this cytokine does not protect them, but plays some role in their death due to candidial infection in granulocytopenic mice.     

Site-Specific Ubiquitination Determines Lysosomal Sorting and Signal Attenuation of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor

Ubiquitination of cytokine receptors controls intracellular receptor routing and signal duration, but the underlying molecular determinants are unclear. The suppressor of cytokine signaling protein SOCS3 drives lysosomal degradation of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), depending on SOCS3-mediated ubiquitination of a specific lysine located in a conserved juxtamembrane motif. Here, we show that, despite ubiquitination of other lysines, positioning of a lysine within the membrane-proximal region is indispensable for this process. Neither reallocation of the motif nor fusion of ubiquitin to the C-terminus of the G-CSFR could drive lysosomal routing. However, within this region, the lysine could be shifted 12 amino acids toward the C-terminus without losing its function, arguing against the existence of a linear sorting motif and demonstrating that positioning of the lysine relative to the SOCS3 docking site is flexible. G-CSFR ubiquitination peaked after endocytosis, was inhibited by methyl-β-cyclodextrin as well as hyperosmotic sucrose and severely reduced in internalization-defective G-CSFR mutants, indicating that ubiquitination mainly occurs at endosomes. Apart from elucidating structural and spatio-temporal aspects of SOCS3-mediated ubiquitination, these findings have implications for the abnormal signaling function of G-CSFR mutants found in severe congenital neutropenia, a hematopoietic disorder with a high leukemia risk.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子Cdna在哺乳动物细胞中高效表达的研究

利用PCR反应、DNA测序、基因重组等技术,构建了两个表达人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA的重组质粒pED－GCSF和pEF－GCSF,两质粒分别转染COS7细胞作瞬时表达,转染CHO－dhfr－细胞作稳定表达。结果两质粒在COS7细胞和CHO细胞均获得了表达,pED－GCSF转染COS7细胞48h、72h的表达量分别为5.2×10⁴pg/ml和2.3×10⁵pg/ml,pEF－GCSF转染COS7细胞后48h、72h的表达量分别为2.8×10⁵pg/ml和1.4×10⁵pg/ml。转染CHO－dhfr－细胞,随着加入的氨甲喋呤(MTX)浓度升高,CHO－dhfr+克隆数减少,但平均每个克隆的rhG－CSF表达量升高,在0.5μmol/L MTX下最高表达rhG－CSF细胞株的量是4.46μg/ml/3d。且表达的rhG－CSF注射小鼠腹腔可提高小鼠外周血白细胞的数量。     

Construction,Purification, and Characterization of a Homodimeric Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has found widespread clinical application, and modified forms with improved biopharmaceutical properties have been marketed as well. PEGylation, the covalent modification of G-CSF with polyethylene glycol (PEG), has a beneficial effect on drug properties, but there are concerns connected to the immunogenicity of PEGylated compounds and bioaccumulation of the synthetic polymer. To overcome challenges connected with chemical modifications, we developed fusion proteins composed of two G-CSF molecules connected via different peptide linkers. Three different homodimeric G-CSF proteins were purified, and their in vitro and in vivo activities were determined. A G-CSF dimer, GCSF-Lα, was constructed using an alpha-helix-forming peptide linker, and it demonstrated an extended half-life in serum with a stronger neutrophil response as compared to the monomeric G-CSF protein. The GCSF-Lα protein, therefore, might be selected for further studies as a potential drug candidate.     

Protective Effect of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor on Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the cytokine family of growth factors that can protect the neurons from focal cerebral ischemia-induced injuries. The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been widely observed in the clinic; however, the protective effect of G-CSF on ICH is still elusive. We found in the present study that the intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF for 5 days could improve the ICH-induced neuronal behavioral impairment measured by limb placement assay. We also observed that injection of G-CSF could increase the number of stem cells in the specific zone of the hemorrhagic areas, demonstrated by the enhanced expression of nestin. Additionally, G-CSF could also promote the mobilization of circulating hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the damaged brain areas and activate the astrocytes. Our results reveal that G-CSF is also protective for the ICH with the mechanisms involving proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of HSCs and the activation of astrocytes.     

聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞刺激因子及其药品通用名称命名

有越来越多的聚乙二醇修饰人粒细胞刺激因子研发上市。为适应这类制品的发展,中国药品通用名命名原则也需要不断更新修订。简要介绍了聚乙二醇修饰蛋白技术以及WHO国际非专利药品名(INN)命名委员会对这类制品的命名情况,讨论了我国对这类制品的药品通用命名原则和方法,建议对聚乙二醇化不同的修饰形式在名称上适当加以区分,并注意加强与INN命名委员会的交流合作。     

SMMC-7721肝癌细胞67kD层粘连蛋白受体的分离纯化

分离纯化肝癌细胞的 6 7kD层粘连蛋白受体 (6 7LR) ,以便进一步研究 6 7LR的结构、功能及其在肝癌浸润、转移过程中的作用 .以SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞和L 0 2正常肝细胞为材料 ,采用13 1I标记的层粘连蛋白测定其与细胞的结合能力 ;亲和层析法分离纯化层粘连蛋白受体 ,用SDS PAGE、放射自显影及体外竞争结合实验进行鉴定 .在相同条件下SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞与层粘连蛋白特异结合量为 17 5 4± 0 4 9ng 10 5细胞 ,而L 0 2正常肝细胞与层粘连蛋白的特异结合量为 8 36± 0 4 8ng 10 5细胞 .经过亲和层析 ,从SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞和L 0 2正常肝细胞均可获得纯化受体 ,SDS PAGE显示为单一条带 ,分子量为 6 7kD ,放射自显影及体外竞争结合实验表明其具有较强的与层粘连蛋白结合的活性 .体外竞争结合实验表明 ,SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞层粘连蛋白受体 (772 1LnR)的抑制率可达到 96 2 7± 2 2 9% ,而L 0 2正常肝细胞层粘连蛋白受体 (L 0 2LnR)的抑制率为 4 8 71± 3 79% ,这说明 772 1LnR与层粘连蛋白的亲和力明显高于L 0 2LnR(P <0 0 0 1) .结果表明 ,与L 0 2肝细胞比较 ,SMMC 772 1肝癌细胞具有与层粘连蛋白较强结合能力的特异受体 ,并从肝癌细胞膜上分离纯化到与层粘连蛋白有较强亲和力的 6 7LR