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1.
In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots)
to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop
into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration
(16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with
0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response
and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20
shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
2.
A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc
cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings
as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (2.27 μM),
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.49 μM). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium
has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction
rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented
with BA (4.44 μM), kinetin (Kn) (2.33 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.43 μM), and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.72 μM). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 μM) after 30 days. Regenerated plants
after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This
protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation. 相似文献
3.
A rapid and efficient micropropagation system was developed for Psoralea corylifolia, an endangered, valuable medicinal plant. Multiple shoot buds were obtained in half-strength liquid Phillips–Collins (L2)
medium supplemented with 5 μM benzylaminopurine (BA) and 5 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) from apical bud explants of 1-week-old cultures.
The shoot buds were subcultured on enriched solid L2 medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of
BA, kinetin (KIN), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), TDZ, bavistin (BVN) and trimethoprim (TMP). Enriched solid L2 medium supplemented
with 2 μM BA, 1 μM TDZ and 100 mg l−1 BVN were more effective in producing greater number of shoots per explant (85.2 ± 0.9 shoots/explant) after 4 weeks of culture.
The regenerated shoots (40–50 mm in length) rooted and accompanied by hardening upon transfer to 50 μM indole-3-butyric acid
(IBA) for 15 min and followed by planting in sterile soil mixture and vermiculate (3:1 v/v), with 50 ml of one-eight strength
L2 basal salt solution devoid of sucrose and inositol, supplemented with 5 μM IBA and 100 mg l−1 BVN. The plants achieved 100% rooting with hardening. Subsequently the rooted plants were successfully established in the
field. The survival percentage differed with seasonal variations. The concentration of psoralen was evaluated in different
tissues of ex vitro and in vivo grown plants by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Psoralen content was increased
in leaves (2.97%), roots (2.38%), stems (5.40%) and seeds (1.63%) of ex vitro plants than the in vivo plants. This system
facilitates for commercial and rapid propagation of P. corylifolia for conservation strategies and phytomedicine production. 相似文献
4.
Kaitlin J. Palla Paula M. Pijut 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(2):250-256
A plant regeneration protocol was developed for white ash (Fraxinus americana L.). Hypocotyls and cotyledons excised from embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) plus thidiazuron (TDZ), and compared for organogenic potential. Sixty-six percent of hypocotyl segments and 10.4% of
cotyledon segments produced adventitious shoots, with a mean number of adventitious shoots per explant of 3.5 ± 0.9 and 2.5 ± 1.5,
respectively. The best regeneration medium (52% shoot formation; 47% shoot elongation) for hypocotyls was MS basal medium
containing 22.2 μM BA plus 0.5 μM TDZ, producing a mean of 3.9 ± 0.4 adventitious shoots. Adventitious shoots were established
as proliferating shoot cultures following transfer to MS medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 10 μM BA plus 10 μM
TDZ. For in vitro rooting, woody plant medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0, 2.9, 5.7, or 8.6 μM in combination with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) was tested for a 5- or 10-d dark culture period, followed by culture under a 16-h photoperiod. The best rooting
(78% to 81%) of in vitro shoots was obtained with a 5 d dark culture treatment on medium containing 2.9 or 5.7 μM IAA plus 4.9 μM IBA, with an average
of 2.6 ± 0.4 roots per shoot. Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized to the greenhouse. This adventitious shoot regeneration
and rooting protocol will be used as the basis for experimental studies to produce transgenic white ash with resistance to
the emerald ash borer. 相似文献
5.
A simple, rapid and efficient protocol for micropropagation of Cardiospermum halicacabum via axillary bud multiplication has been successfully developed. The organogenic competence of nodal segments was investigated
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), thidiazuron
(TDZ) and 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP). Multiple shoots differentiated directly without callus mediation within 4 weeks when
explants were cultured on a medium fortified with cytokinins. The maximum number of shoots (14.83 ± 0.52) was developed on
a medium supplemented with 0.3 μM TDZ. Such proliferating shoots when subcultured onto MS media devoid of TDZ gave the highest
rate of shoot multiplication (35.66 ± 1.00) by the end of fourth subculture passage. Elongated shoots were rooted on 1/3 MS
medium augmented with 0.5 μM IAA. The plantlets thus obtained were successfully hardened and transferred to greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
An efficient protocol was developed for micropropagation of an economically important timber-yielding multipurpose tree, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Multiple shoots were induced from cotyledonary nodes (CNs) derived from 18-d-old axenic seedlings on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1–10 μM). The highest shoot regeneration frequency (90%) and maximum
number (15.2 ± 0.20) of shoots per explant was recorded on MS medium amended with 0.4 μM TDZ. Continuous presence of TDZ inhibited
shoot elongation. In the primary medium, TDZ-initiated cultures were transferred to the secondary medium supplemented with
another cytokinin, 6-benzyladenine (BA), for shoot growth and elongation. Maximum (90%) shoot elongation with an average shoot
length of 5.4 ± 0.06 cm was observed at 5 μM BA. To further enhance the number of shoots per explant, mother tissue was repeatedly
subcultured on fresh shoot induction medium after each harvest of newly formed shoots. Thus, by adopting this strategy, an
average of 44 shoots per explant could be obtained. About 65% of in vitro regenerated shoots produced a maximum number (4.4 ± 0.2) of roots per shoot by a two-step culture procedure employing pulse
treatment and subsequent transfer of treated shoots to a low concentration of 0.2 μM indole-3-butyric acid along with phloroglucinol
(3.96 μM). The in vitro-raised plantlets were successfully acclimatized first under culture room conditions, then to greenhouse with 70% survival
rate. 相似文献
7.
Yeh-Jin Ahn Louisa Vang Thomas A. McKeon Grace Q. Chen 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(1):9-15
An efficient plant regeneration protocol was established for castor (Ricinus communis L.). Hypocotyl tissue from zygotic embryo axis produced adventitious shoots when treated with either thidiazuron (TDZ, 1 μM)
or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA, 20 μM). TDZ resulted in more than a threefold higher rate of shoot induction (a maximum of 24.2
shoots per explant) than BA (6.8 shoots). Our results also showed that the pretreatment of explants in the dark increased
the number of shoots regenerated per explant by 82% and 36% with TDZ and BA, respectively. The elongation of hypocotyl tissue
in the dark appears to be the primary cause of the increase. Comparable rates of rooting were achieved on the media supplemented
with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 84.3%) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 87.4%) at 5 μM. However, IBA was more efficient
in promoting root and shoot development, resulting in a higher rate of establishment (93.5%) in the soil, compared to the
rate with NAA (39.5%). Histological analysis showed the adventitious induction of the shoot buds originated from the cortex
of the hypocotyl tissue. 相似文献
8.
Justicia gendarussa is a valuable medicinal plant and various parts of this plant are pharmaceutically used for the treatment of different diseases.
In vitro regeneration of shoot buds was obtained from culture of nodal cuttings as well as shoot regeneration from callus.
The nodal cuttings differed in shoot proliferation in terms of percentage of explants that responded and average shoot length
with various concentrations (4.4, 8.9, 13.3, 17.7, 22.2 μM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn) and thidiazuron. In all
treatments, one shoot was invariably present. Optimum 87% of cultures responded with an average shoot length of 4.4 cm on
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 17.7 μM BA. Callus was induced from the mature leaf segments on MS medium
supplemented with Kn (4.7, 13.9, 23.2 μM) alone or in combination with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D; 2.3 μM, 4.5 μM).
Optimum callus induction (78%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 14 μM Kn and 4.5 μM 2, 4-D. When the callus was
subcultured on MS medium fortified with BA (8.9, 17.7, 26.6 μM) or Kn (9.3, 18.6, 27.9 μM) alone or in combination with α
naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 2.7, 5.4 μM), shoot regeneration was obtained. The highest response (92%) was observed on MS
medium containing 17.7 μM BA and 5.4 μM NAA. On this medium, an average number of 12.2 shoots were obtained per responding
callus. The shoots obtained from callus and nodal cuttings were rooted with a frequency of 73% on MS medium augmented with
9.8 μM indole-3-butyric acid. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil and sand mixture (1:1) with 90% survival
rate. The protocol standardized for shoot proliferation and regeneration in J. gendarussa from nodal cuttings and leaf-derived callus is suitable for micropropagation and conservation of this essential medicinal
plant. 相似文献
9.
A novel protocol for callus-mediated shoot regeneration was established for an important medicinal and ornamental plant native
to South China, Curcuma kwangsiensis, using shoot base sections excised from seedlings in vitro as explant sources. The frequency of callus formation reached
91% for explants cultured on MS medium containing 1.4 μM TDZ, 4.4 μM BA and 2.3 μM 2,4-D. 8.2 shoots per callus was achieved
on MS medium supplemented with 1.4 μM TDZ, 17.8 μM BA and 2.7 μM NAA. Single shoots transferred into MS medium free of plant
growth regulator rooted well. Regenerated plants acclimatized ex vitro at 100%, and grew vigorously under shaded greenhouse
conditions. 相似文献
10.
De-Quan Sun Xin-Hua Lu Guo-Lu Liang Qi-Gao Guo Yi-Wei Mo Jiang-Hui Xie 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(1):23-29
Triploid papaya (Carica papaya) plants were obtained by immature endosperm culture. Visible callusing of the endosperm occurred 21 days after initiation
of cultures. A continuously growing callus was observed and a maximum of 68.7% of callus induction frequency was obtained
when immature endosperm with embryo was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), 2.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 4.0 μM 6-furfurylamino purine (Kn). Shoot buds were produced when
the callus was subcultured on a medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) along with NAA. Shoots
were detached from the callus and transferred to the elongation medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and BA.
The combination of 3.0 μM IAA and 1.5 μM BA was the best in terms of the number of cultures (93.8%) showing axillary shoot
proliferation. The addition of 2.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to the 1/2 MS medium was most effective at inducing root
formation with 90% of the shoots developing four to five roots. Healthy rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing
sterilized bed soil and perlite (3:1) mixture in the greenhouse and 78% of the micropropagated plants survived transplantation.
The leaves from endosperm-derived plants showed larger stomata and more chloroplasts in guard cells than that from the parent
plants. Over 75% of the endosperm-derived plants were triploid with chromosome number 2n = 3x = 27. 相似文献
11.
Multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration in Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arnott, a rare medicinal plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in
Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5–8 μM) or Kn (0.5–8 μM) alone
or in combination with NAA (0.5–1.5 μM). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4 μM
BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot
length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of 1 μM NAA along with 4 μM BA gave rise to an average number
of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with
BA (5 μM) and 2,4-D (2 μM). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (2–15 μM) or Kn (2–15 μM) alone or
in combination with NAA (0.5–2 μM) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented
with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The
shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with NAA
(1–7 μM) or IBA (1–7 μM). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average
number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized
protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant. 相似文献
12.
A simple, high frequency, and reproducible method for plant regeneration through direct organogenesis from cotyledonary leaf
explants of Jatropha curcas was developed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzyl
aminopurine (BAP). Medium containing TDZ has greater influence on regeneration as compared to BAP. The induced shoot buds
were transferred to MS medium containing 10 μM kinetin (Kn), 4.5 μM BAP, and 5.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot
proliferation. The proliferated shoots could be elongated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations
of BAP, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 2.25 μM BAP and 8.5 μM IAA was found
to be the best combination for shoot elongation. However, significant differences in plant regeneration and shoot elongation
were observed among the genotypes studied. Rooting was achieved when the basal cut end of elongated shoots were dipped in
half strength MS liquid medium containing different concentrations and combinations of IBA, IAA, and NAA for 4 days, followed
by transfer to growth regulators free half strength MS medium supplemented 0.25 mg l−1 activated charcoal. Elongated shoot treated with 15 μM IBA, 5.7 μM IAA, and 11 μM NAA resulted in highest percent rooting.
The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% survival rate. The method developed may be useful in improvement
of J. curcas through genetic modification. 相似文献
13.
Dormant buds from a mature tree of Populus tremula ‘Erecta’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Induced shoots were
then proliferated on medium of MS or Woody Plant Medium (WPM), or Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) supplemented with varying
levels of benzyladenine (BA). Overall, shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.25–2.5 μM BA exhibited the highest frequency
of shoot proliferation (>95%) and more than 60% of responding explants produced more than five shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis
was induced from both leaf and petiole explants incubated on WPM medium containing BA, or TDZ, or zeatin. Among the different
cytokinins tested, zeatin induced the highest frequency (average 72.1%) of shoot organogenesis. None of explants survived
on media containing no cytokinins within 6–8 weeks following culture. Overall, a higher frequency of shoot regeneration was
obtained from petioles than from leaf explants. The highest frequency of regeneration was achieved when petioles were incubated
on WPM containing 10–20 μM zeatin. Addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not have a significant effect on shoot regeneration
in all treatments. Shoot organogenesis was directly induced from petiole explants without intervening callus. Regenerated
shoots were easily rooted on all tested media supplemented with 0.5 μM NAA. Rooted plants were transferred to potting mix
and grown in the greenhouse. 相似文献
14.
An efficient regeneration system for large-scale propagation of statice (Limonium altaica cv. Emille) was developed using leaves from mature plants. Leaf segments (5×5 mm sections) were cultured on Murashige and
Skoog's medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) individually and in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA). Prolific direct adventitious shoot regeneration occurred on most of the media. The best response in terms of frequency
of shoot regeneration (99.5%) and number of shoots per explant (112 shoots per explant) was observed on medium supplemented
with 2.85 μM IAA and 1.14 μM TDZ. The shoots rooted easily on half strength MS medium and MS medium with indole-3-butyric
acid. In vitro propagated plants could be transferred to soil with survival rates of more than 95%.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
An efficient, rapid and large scale propagation of a multipurpose herb, Ocimum basilicum through in vitro culture of nodal segments with axillary buds from mature plants has been accomplished. Among the cytokinins,
6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) tested as supplements to Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium, 5.0 μM BA was optimum in inducing bud break. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved
on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combination. The shoots regenerated
from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone-free MS medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication
and shoot length by the end of third subculture. For rooting, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)
proved to be better than that supplemented with IAA or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The in vitro raised plantlets with
well developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse
with 90% survival rate. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and net photosynthetic rate were measured in leaves during ex vitro
acclimatization at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Firstly these parameters showed a decreasing trend but subsequently increased
after 7 days of acclimatization. These findings indicate that the adaptation of micropropagated plants to ex vitro conditions
is more extended in time than generally accepted. 相似文献
16.
A highly efficient and reproducible method of in vitro propagation using meristematic explants has been developed for castor.
Embryo axes and shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5–10.0 mg/l of adenine, N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), thiadiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin. TDZ (1.0–10.0 mg/l) gave the maximum number of shoots (37.8–40.0)
from embryo axes, while BA (2.0 mg/l) was found superior to other cytokinins for obtaining the highest number of shoots (46.7)
from the shoot apex. Adenine and Kn at all of the tested concentrations resulted in low proliferation rates from embryo axes.
The carryover effect of the cytokinins was tested by subculturing proliferating shoot cultures from various media onto the
medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l BA. There was no significant influence of the cytokinins on subsequent proliferation from the
two explant types except for TDZ with embryo axes. The number of shoots from TDZ-habituated embryo axes ranged between 36.0
and 81.7, while it varied from 5.7 to 22.0 and 3.7 to 28.3 in axillary buds and embryo axes, respectively, on the other media.
For elongation of shoots, gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.1–1.0 mg/l) was added to the medium supplemented with 0.2–0.5 mg/l BA. Incorporation of GA3 (0.1 mg/l) significantly enhanced the frequency of elongated shoots but drastically reduced the multiplication ability. Hence,
proliferating shoot clusters were periodically transferred to the medium supplemented with 0.5 and 0.2 mg/l BA for further
multiplication and elongation. Well-developed shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric
acid. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized with more than 60% success.
Received: 17 June 1997 / Revision received: 3 September 1997 / Accepted: 20 September 1997 相似文献
17.
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a multipurpose small tree with unique berries of high nutritional and pharmaceutical values. A clonally propagated plant
originating from a 20-year-old tree of H. r. rhamnoides × mongolica hybrid cultivar Julia and seedling offspring of this cultivar were investigated regarding induction of shoot organogenesis
in leaf explants and in roots of intact seedlings, and induction of direct somatic embryogenesis in explants from shoot tissue.
The highest percentage of leaf explants showing shoot organogenesis was achieved (juvenile explants, 65%; adult explants,
75%) when incubated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either 4.5 μM of the phenylurea cytokinin thidiazuron
(TDZ) or 2.25 μM TDZ plus 2.2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), for juvenile and adult explants, respectively, both supplemented with
0.53 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Juvenile explants developed on average 18 shoots per explant in the MS medium supplemented
with 4.5 μM TDZ, a four fold increase over those incubated on the medium supplemented with 2.25 μM TDZ and 2.2 μM BA. Adult
leaf explants grown on medium containing 2.25 μM TDZ and 2.2 μM BA medium produced 12 shoots per explant, while those grown
on medium containing 4.5 μM TDZ produced 5 shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis was observed in roots of intact seedlings
pre-cultured on plain medium lacking nutrients (PM) or woody plant medium (WPM) salts and then grown on WPM salts supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberrelic acid (GA3), and 57.0 μM indoleacetic acid (IAA). The number of shoots formed on each seedling
root system was ten fold higher when the pre-culture was in WPM medium indicating a promoting effect of mineral nutrients
in the pre-culture medium. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in both juvenile and adult leaf explants in 65 and 78% of the
explants, respectively, in MS-based medium supplemented with 2.0 μM N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N
1-phenylurea (CPPU), 0.53 μM NAA and varying concentrations of BA. There was an interaction effect between MS salt strength
and BA concentration. The most effective medium for inducing somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants contained half strength
MS salts and 2.2 μM BA and full strength MS salts and 13.2 μM BA for adult explants. 相似文献
18.
Summary Protocols for both axillary bud proliferation and shoot organogenesis of Euphorbia pulchurrima Winter RoseTM were developed using terminal buds and leaf tissues. Greenhouse-grown terminal buds were placed on Murashige-Skoog (MS) basal
medium supplemented with various concentrations of either benzlyaminopurine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Explants produced the
greatest number of axillary buds on media containing between 2.2 and 8.8 μM BA. The number of explants that produced axillary buds increased with increasing BA concentration. TDZ at concentrations
between 2.3 and 23.0 μM caused hyperhydricity of shoots and were not effective in promoting shoot proliferation. The most calluses and shoots were
produced from leaf midvein sections from in vitro grown plants placed on the medium containing 8.8–13.3 μM BA and 17.1 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for 1 mo. before transferring to the medium containing only BA. Adventitious buds were produced
only from red-pigmented callus, and explants that produced callus continued to produce adventitious shoots in the presence
of IAA. Five-mo.-old shoots derived from shoot culture or organogenesis rooted readily in artificial soil with or without
treatment with indolebutyric acid, and were acclimatized in the greenhouse. 相似文献
19.
Guirong Qiao Jing Zhou Jing Jiang Yuehua Sun Luanyin Pan Honggai Song Jingmin Jiang Renying Zhuo Xiaojuan Wang Zongxiu Sun 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(2):163-170
Malaxis acuminata is a terrestrial orchid that grows in shady areas of semi-evergreen to shrubby forests. It is highly valued for its medicinal
properties as dried pseudo-bulbs are important ingredients of several Ayurvedic preparations. In this study, adventitious
shoot buds were induced from internodal explants of M. acuminata grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn),
and thidiazuron (TDZ). Of the three cytokinins used, TDZ at 3 mg l−1 induced the highest frequency (82%) of organogenic explants. However, all responding explants produced only a single adventitious
shoot irrespective of the type and concentration of the cytokinin. Adding 0.5 mg l−1 α naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to the medium enhanced adventitious shoot formation. In the presence of 3 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, frequency of organogenesis was 96% with a mean number of 6.1 shoots per explant. Prolonged culture or subculture on
the same medium did not promote further shoot production. However, transfer of these cultures to MS medium supplemented with
3 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and various concentrations of different polyamines (PAs), including spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, significantly
increased mean shoot number per explant. The highest frequency of shoot induction (100%) and mean shoot number per explant
(14.6) was observed on MS medium with 3 mg l−1 TDZ, 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, and 0.4 mM spermidine. Regenerated shoots were excised and subcultured on an elongation medium consisting of MS medium
with 3 mg l−1 BA. Moreover, the highest frequency of rooting (96%) and mean number of roots per shoot (3.3) was observed on MS medium with
4 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.5 mg l−1 activated charcoal (AC). Almost 90% of rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized and established ex vitro. 相似文献
20.
The genus Dierama comprises plants with a potential to be developed as ornamentals. D. erectum seeds were decontaminated and germinated on 1/10th strength Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962) (MS) media
without plant growth regulators or sucrose. In an experiment investigating the effects of 6-benzyladenine (BA), meta-Topolin (mT), kinetin (KIN) and zeatin (Z) with or without α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), the highest shoot number per hypocotyl (4.20 ± 0.51)
was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM Z after 8 weeks. This was followed by a combination of 2.0 μM KIN and
2.0 μM NAA with 3.67 ± 0.81 shoots per explant. BA treatments produced 3.20 ± 0.22 shoots per hypocotyl explant when 2.0 μM
was combined with 1.0 μM NAA, while mT gave 3.09 ± 0.99 shoots per explant when 2.0 μM mT was combined with 2.0 μM NAA. Adventitious shoot regeneration was optimised when shoots were grown under a 16-h photoperiod
at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM BA. This resulted in an average of 12.73 ± 1.03 shoots per hypocotyl explant. Various
concentrations of ancymidol, activated charcoal and sucrose did not promote in vitro corm formation of this species. Plants
rooted successfully after 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and had an average root
number of 2.73 ± 0.40. After 2 months of acclimatisation, plants had formed corms. The largest corms (of diameter 0.45 ± 0.03 cm)
were produced in plants pre-treated with 0.5 μM IBA. The highest plant survival percentage of 73% was also associated with
this treatment. 相似文献