α-硫辛酸对缺氧应激肝癌细胞线粒体呼吸率和产能代谢的影响

通过实验阐明抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸（alpha-lipoic acid,α-LA）对肝癌细胞内活性氧具清除作用,并发现其对肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞增殖有不同作用影响。在缺氧条件下,研究使用抗氧化剂干预对肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞缺氧耐受性,线粒体活性和产能代谢的影响及差异。以SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞和L02正常肝细胞作为研究对象,在α-硫辛酸干预条件下检测细胞生长曲线和细胞内ROS;分别在单纯缺氧及加α-硫辛酸缺氧条件下,检测细胞存活率、细胞内ROS、细胞耗氧率、细胞生成ATP和癌基因c-myc mRNA的表达。实验结果说明：缺氧情况下,肝癌细胞通过增加糖酵解途径的产能方式诱导ATP能量代偿能力提高。使用抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸干预清除细胞内过剩ROS,能降低肝癌细胞线粒体呼吸率,并能通过下调c-myc表达抑制肝癌细胞的增殖及降低其缺氧耐受性。     

高氧对雄激素敏感的前列腺癌细胞移植瘤生长及其缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的:探讨高氧对雄激素敏感的前列腺癌细胞移植瘤生长及其缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响。方法:将前列腺癌前列腺淋巴结癌(LNCa P)细胞接种于36只Foxn1小鼠的双侧腹,并将其随机放置于含氧量不同的气室中并分组如下:缺氧组11例,常氧组16例,高氧组9例。处理28天后进行称重,麻醉处死,从左心室取血样;分离出移植瘤并进行称重。采用Western blotting、免疫荧光分析、血红蛋白测定的方法对各组移植瘤生长、血管生成及血管化、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1α)表达以及细胞信号转导因子表达进行检测。结果:缺氧组的移植瘤生长较常氧组快(P0.05);高氧组移植瘤生长与常氧组相比差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。高氧组移植瘤的HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGF-R2)表达均较常氧组高,而缺氧组移植瘤的HIF-1α表达与常氧组基本相似。缺氧组移植瘤的血[HB]增长率(175%)高于常氧组(45%)。高氧组的Nrf2的表达水平较常氧组明显增加(P0.05)。结论:体内高氧诱导HIF-1α在LNCa P肿瘤高表达的同时,不会加快肿瘤的生长。     

miR-138-5p靶向缺氧诱导因子1α对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞生长和转移的调节作用

目的探索miR-138-5p对胰腺癌细胞PANC-1生长、转移的影响及其相关机制。方法应用荧光实时定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR, RT-PCR)检测miR-138-5p及其缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, HIF-1α)在PANC-1细胞中的表达。应用荧光素酶报告检测验证miR-138-5p与HIF-1α之间的生物学关系。通过体外试验研究miR-138-5p、HIF-1α在PANC-1细胞中的生物学功能,Western blot检测蛋白表达情况;CCK-8检测PANC-1细胞增殖能力;Transwell试验检测PANC-1细胞侵袭能力;划痕试验检测PANC-1细胞迁移能力。结果 miR-138-5p表达明显下调HIF-1α表达水平(P<0.01),生物信息学预测和荧光素酶报告试验证明miR-138-5p通过直接结合HIF-1α 3′-未翻译区域(3′-UTR)抑制HIF-1α。在PANC-1细胞中,miR-138-5p过表达可抑制HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 miR-138-5p结合HIF-1α 3′-UTR的沉默HIF-1α;miR-138-5p通过打靶HIF-1α而抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖和转移。HIF-1α可能是胰腺癌的治疗靶点。     

缺氧诱导因子1研究进展

缺氧诱导因子１（ｈｙｐｏｘｉａ－ｉｎｄｕｃｉｂｌｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒ－１,ＨＩＦ－１）是由两个蛋白质亚基组成的二聚体转录因子,对缺氧具有特异感受性,它的表达受细胞内氧分压的严密调节。ＨＩＦ－１参与体内许多缺氧反应性基因的转录调节,是机体缺氧应答反应中的关键作用因子。     

缺氧诱导因子1

缺氧诱导因子1是缺氧诱导细胞所产生的一种蛋白质,由一个120 ku的α亚基和一个91～94 ku的β亚基组成的异源二聚体.在缺氧条件下,促进红细胞生成素和糖酵解酶等基因的转录和表达,维持机体氧稳态.     

缺氧诱导因子—1

氧是在细胞内呼吸氧化还原反应中电子的最终接受体。缺氧可以引起急性或长期的生理或病理生理反应,在这些过程中缺氧诱导了许多基因的转录。缺氧诱导因子－１（ＨＩＦ－１）是可与红细胞生成素基因（ＥＰＯ）３＇增强子特异结合的由缺氧诱导的ＤＮＡ结合蛋白,可激活Ｈｅｐ ３Ｂ细胞ＥＰＯ的基因转录。并且由于它可在很多细胞被缺氧诱导,包括生成ＥＰＯ和不生成ＥＰＯ细胞,以及许多缺氧诱导的基因都具有ＨＩＦ－１结合位点等特点     

缺氧诱导因子-1α表达在胃癌中的研究进展

胃癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类的健康。大量研究表明,缺氧能促进恶性肿瘤的发展,增强其侵袭性,而缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)是这一过程的主要调节因子,是缺氧条件下广泛存在于哺乳动物及人体内的一种转录因子,通过增加多种转录因子和靶基因产物的表达,使肿瘤在缺氧的环境下生长、增殖、侵袭及转移。本文就HIF-1α在胃癌领域的研究进展做一综述。     

线粒体自噬在缺氧条件下适应机制的研究进展

由于线粒体能敏感地感受机体内氧浓度的变化,缺氧时会影响线粒体氧化磷酸化过程中电子传递链的正常功能,抑制ATP生成,产生大量活性氧(ROS)。ROS蓄积导致氧化损伤细胞内脂质、DNA和蛋白质等大分子物质,线粒体肿胀,通透性转换孔开放,释放细胞色素C等促凋亡因子,最终严重影响细胞的存活。因此这些功能异常或受损线粒体是缺氧应激状态下细胞是否存活的危险因素,及时清除这些线粒体,对维持线粒体质量、数量及细胞稳态具有重要意义。线粒体自噬是近年来发现的细胞适应缺氧的一种防御性代谢过程,它通过自噬途径选择性清除损伤、衰老和过量产生ROS的线粒体,促进线粒体更新和循环利用,确保细胞内线粒体功能稳定,保护缺氧应激下细胞的正常生长发挥重要的调节作用。本文就线粒体自噬在缺氧条件下发生过程、参与相关蛋白及调节机制等方面研究进行了综述。     

缺氧诱导因子-1α与胰腺癌发生发层的关系

缺氧是实体瘤生长中存在的普遍现象,它和肿瘤的发展、侵润、转移密切相关。研究发现在胰腺癌组织中也存在缺氧现象。缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1)是缺氧条件下广泛存在于哺乳动物及人体中的一种转录因子,它是由α亚基和β亚基组成的异源二聚体。HIF-1α是HIF-1的活性部分,其表达与胰腺癌的血管生成、凋亡抑制、多药耐药、生长转移具有密切关系。同时,缺氧状态下,间质细胞与胰腺癌细胞之间的相互作用促进了癌细胞的侵袭力。现就HIF-1α在胰腺癌组织中的表达及作用做一综述。     

流感病毒感染巨噬细胞对缺氧诱导因子-1α诱导炎症反应通路的机制研究

为探索缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor,HIF)-1α诱导甲型流感病毒毒株感染小鼠巨噬细胞引起炎症反应的具体机制,本研究以甲型H1N1流感病毒(简称H1N1)株A/PR/8感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7后,在显微镜下观察其在感染后的表型变化,分别在不同时间段收集样本,通过聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测HIF-1α、干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α和M蛋白(M protein,MBP)mRNA的变化,通过蛋白质印迹法(Western blot, WB)检测HIF-1α、核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(mitogenactivated protein kinase,MAPK)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)以及M蛋白的变化。随后,加入抑制剂2-MeOE-2(10 nmol/L)进行抑制试验,采用PCR和WB检测HIF-1α表达被抑制后上述炎症因子mRNA表达水平及炎症蛋白通路的变化。结果显示,H1N1PR8感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7后,H1N1PR8复制率在24 h达到峰值,HIF-1α mRNA在感染6 h后开始升高,12 h迅速上升,24 h达到峰值。IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α mRNA变化趋势基本与HIF-1α一致,但在感染12 h并未进入快速上升期。HIF-1α蛋白在感染后6 h表达明显增多,24 h达到峰值,与mRNA变化水平基本一致。NF-κB通路蛋白在感染12 h后明显增多,48 h开始减少。加入抑制剂2-MeOE-2后,培养感染细胞24 h,抑制剂组IL-6、TNF-α mRNA水平较对照组显著下降(P<0.05),抑制剂组NF-κB通路蛋白较对照组表达下降。本研究结果表明,小鼠巨噬细胞被H1N1感染后,HIF-1α可能通过激活NF-κB通路促进IL-6、TNF-α等炎症因子的分泌参与炎症反应。     

综述: 线粒体自噬在低氧适应中的作用

低氧是一种典型的应激环境,细胞在低氧条件下能量和氧化代谢发生改变,其中线粒体产生的大量活性氧严重威胁细胞的存活．线粒体自噬是近年来被发现的细胞适应低氧的一种适应性代谢反应．细胞在低氧条件下能通过上调低氧诱导因 子1(HIF-1),激活BNIP3/BNIP3L及Beclin-1介导的通路诱导线粒体自噬,最终减少ROS的产生,促进细胞的存活,使机体产生低氧适应．综述了线粒体自噬在低氧适应中的作用及其机制．     

Correlation between the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and the content of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in hypoxic HepG2 cells

Transferrin and transferrin receptor are two key proteins of iron metabolism that have been identified to be hypoxia-inducible genes. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is also a key transporter of iron under physiological conditions. In addition, in the 5' regulatory region of human DMT1 (between -412 and -570), there are two motifs (CCAAAGTGCTGGG) that are similar to hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) binding sites. It was therefore speculated that DMT1 might also be a hypoxia-inducible gene. We investigated the effects of hypoxia and hypoxia/re-oxygenation on the expression of DMT1 and the content of HIF-1alpha in HepG2 cells. As we expected, a very similar tendency in the responses of the expression of HIF-1alpha, DMT1+IRE (iron response element) and DMT1-IRE proteins to chemical (CoCl(2)) or physical hypoxia was observed. A highly significant correlation was found between the expression of DMT1 proteins and the contents of HIF-1 in hypoxic cells. After the cells were exposed to hypoxia and subsequent normoxia, no HIF-1alpha could be detected and a significant decrease in DMT1+IRE expression (P<0.05), but not in DMT1-IRE protein (versus the hypoxia group), was observed. The findings implied that the HIF-1 pathway might have a role in the regulation of DMT1+IRE expression during hypoxia.     

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 promotes hypoxic gene induction and cell migration in colon cancer

Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1), a widely reported DNA demethylation protein, has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, whether TET1 is an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene has been controversial; the mechanism of how TET1 affects cancer progression remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate how TET1 is changed in the tumor microenvironment and to explore the mechanisms of how TET1 affects colon cancer progression. Because hypoxia prevails on solid tumors, we established an important connection between hypoxia and DNA demethylation in tumorigenesis. By qPCR and RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we found that hypoxia increased TET1 expression with a hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. By CHIP-qPCR and pyrosequencing technology, we demonstrated that TET1 regulated the target gene expression of HIF-1α through HIF-1α binding to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs), and HIF-1α binding to HREs depended on CpG methylation levels. By Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, we showed that loss of TET1 did not affect cell proliferation but inhibited migration. We also identified two novel gene mutants of TET1 in 120 paired tumor/normal tissue specimens by DNA sequencing and found that TET1 E2082K mutant blocked the TET1-enhanced cell migration. Our results showed that the downregulation of TET1 rescued the abnormally high levels of gene expression resulting from hypoxia in tumors and reduced the migration activity of tumor cells, suggesting a therapeutic role by interference with TET1 in colon cancer treatment. By demonstrating that hypoxia upregulated TET1 and that TET1 drove HIF-1α-responsive genes, we showed that an epigenetic mechanism and tumor microenvironment-driven models coexisted and mutually affected colon cancer.     

缺氧信号在骨中的核心作用

缺氧信号在维持氧稳态和细胞生存中起着至关重要的作用。在胚胎发育时期处于快速增殖的细胞和肿瘤组织中快速生长的细胞中都能观察到缺氧现象的存在。为了应对缺氧胁迫,生物有机体形成了一系列的调节机制。在多种调节途径中,缺氧诱导因子HIF-1和HIF-2是最主要的能够应答细胞内氧气浓度的降低而对多种基因进行调控的转录因子,与生物体的生长发育及一些疾病的发病机理都存在着密切关系。最近的研究发现在骨骼发育,骨骼的形成和再生,以及关节的形成和动态平衡的调节中HIF-1和HIF-2的具有重要作用。此外,HIF-1和HIF-2的过度表达在临床上与骨肉瘤和骨关节炎明显相关。总之,这些发现预示着缺氧的信号在骨骼的生物学及其疾病中起到中心调节的作用。     

Hypoxic preconditioning increases iron transport rate in astrocytes

The mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning (HP) have not been fully elucidated. The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in such neuroprotection has been confirmed. There is also evidence showing that a series of genes with important functions in iron metabolism, including transferrin receptor (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), are regulated by HIF-1alpha in response to hypoxia in extra-neural organs or cells. We therefore hypothesized that HP is able to affect the expression of iron metabolism proteins in the brain and that changes in these proteins induced by HP might be associated with the HP-induced neuroprotection. We herein demonstrated for the first time that HP could induce a significant increase in the expression of HIF-1alpha as well as iron uptake (TfR1 and DMT1) and release (ferroportin1) proteins, and thus increase tansferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) uptake and iron release in astrocytes. Moreover, HP could lead to a progressive increase in cellular iron content. We concluded that HP has the ability to increase iron transport speed in astrocytes. Based on our findings and the importance of astrocytes in neuronal survival in hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning, we proposed that the increase in iron transport rate and cellular iron in astocytes might be one of the mechanisms associated with the HP-induced neuroprotection. We also demonstrated that ferroportin1 expression was significantly affected by HIF-1alpha in astrocytes, implying that the gene encoding this iron efflux protein might be a hypoxia-inducible one.