辽宁蛙科一新种：无尾目

１９８６－１９８７年４月在辽宁省桓仁县采到２５只成蛙。其鉴别特征为,头宽大于头长;鼓膜约为眼径的１／２;背侧褶细而折曲;胫长于足;趾间全蹼,缺刻浅;雄性无声囊,无雄性线。此蛙与林蛙其它种均有明显区别,故定为新种,桓仁林蛙Ｒａｎａ ｈｕａｎｒｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

中国东北地区林蛙属物种的分类学研究(两栖纲:蛙科)

用比较分类学方法和数值分类方法相配合,对我国东北产林蛙属物种多样性和原各命名物种的有效性及与中国林蛙的关系进行了探讨。结果认为：地方名为哈土螨的原中国林蛙的东北居群应属于我国蛙类的一新纪录东北林蛙Ｒ．ｄｙｂｏｗｓｋｉｉ,而Ｒ．ｓｅｍｉｐｌｉｃａｔａ和Ｒ．ｃｈｅｎｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｃｈａｎｇｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（魏刚等,１９９１ａ）为该种的同物异名,重新界定了东北林蛙和中国林蛙的分布区,提出中国     

滇蛙和昭觉林蛙的形态差异及其潜在的适应意义

以比较解剖学的方法,观察和比较了采自1997年8月-2000年9月的滇蛙(♂16,♀14)和昭觉林蛙(♂17,♀17)标本的外部形态、肌肉和骨骼。结果显示,两种蛙的皮肤颜色不同;滇蛙的鳞骨比昭觉林蛙的发达;滇蛙雄性个体具声囊,而昭觉林蛙则无;滇蛙和昭觉林蛙的肱三头肌、股三头肌和胫部的肌肉有显著或极显著差异;昭觉林蛙的四肢骨骼较滇蛙的细长,腰带坐骨结节较突出,髋臼也较大;两种蛙头部扩大的骨骼不同;滇蛙腹直肌具腱划4条,昭觉林蛙5条。两种蛙的这些形态差异与其栖息的小生境及生活方式的差异相适应。     

人工封沟养蛙若干技术问题的探讨

人工封沟养蛙若干技术问题的探讨傅立中,张新田,王宝贵,王建军（吉林省农业科学院公主岭１３６１００）中国林蛙（ＲａｎａＣｈａｎｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）俗称哈士螟、油蛤螟,属于两栖纲、蛙科、蛙属的珍贵经济动物。我省人工封沟养殖林蛙始于８０年代初,近几年来,封沟...     

山东昆嵛山蛙属林蛙群一新种(两栖纲:无尾目:蛙科)

在山东省胶东半岛昆嵛山采集到林蛙类及其蝌蚪标本,与中国林蛙Raha chensinensis具背侧褶弯曲等特征极相似,但有以下主要区别;无声囊,无雄性线,雄性第1指婚垫分2团,蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ：1-1/Ⅲ,少数为Ⅰ：1-1/Ⅱ：1-1。此蛙与已知林蛙其它种有明显区别,故定为新种,即昆嵛林蛙Rana kunyuensis sp.nov。     

湍蛙亚科一新属--拟湍蛙属，兼论与近缘属的关系(两栖纲：蛙科)

对台湾产Ｒ．ｓａｕｔｅｒｉ（＝Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｎａ ｓａｕｔｅｒｉ）和Ｒ．ｍｕｌｔｉｄｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ两个种和产于大陆的趾沟蛙属及其它近缘属物种进行了对比研究。由于台湾两个种的蝌蚪体腹面有吸盘,既不同于林蛙属Ｒａｎａ,也不同于趾沟蛙属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｎａ和水蛙属Ｈｙｌａｒａｎａ,而类似于湍蛙属Ａｍｏｌｏｐｓ的蝌蚪,但与后者的成体和蝌蚪又明显不同。因此,将上述台湾两个种从Ｒａｎａ中分出,建议定为     

野生和人工养殖辽宁中国林蛙肥满度和重/长指标的初步研究

对野生和养殖中国林蛙肥满度和重/长指标的研究表明,辽宁野生中国林蛙肥满度(K)在雌性中无年龄差异,在雄性则亚成年和成年蛙组间有显着差异;性别差异只在成年蛙组间出现。重/长指标(K_wl)均随年龄的增加而显着提高,且在不同年龄组间均有性别差异。1龄家养中国林蛙K无性别差异,K_wl有性别差异。养殖蛙K_wl显着高于同性同龄野生蛙,K无显着差异。K_wl比K更灵敏,二者结合对两栖类肥满度进行研究较合理。     

中国蛙类一新种(无尾目,蛙科)

描述了1种采自广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区的蛙类1新种,模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学自然博物馆.猫儿山林蛙,新种Rana maoershanensis sp.nov.(图1～17)正模:SYNU 06020120,雄性成体,李丕鹏和王绍能于2006年2月采集自广西壮族自治区猫儿山国家级自然保护区,海拔1 980 m.配模:SYNU 06020091,SYNU 06020122和SYNU06020124,雄性成体;SYNU06020121,SYNU06040153,SYN 0604154和SYNU 06040155,雌性成体.李丕鹏和王绍能于2006年2月和4月采集,采集地点与正模相同.蝌蚪:SYNU0602001和SYNU 0604001系列,采集信息与配模标本相同.新种具有如下主要鉴别特征:1)体略大;2)头宽略大于头长;3)背侧褶明显且略弯曲;4)胫跗关节前达眼角;5)雄性婚垫2团,无内声囊,腹部无雄性线;6)蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅲ:1-1,少数为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅳ.新种在头型上与中国林蛙相似,在体形上与昭觉林蛙相似.但与已知林蛙均有明显不同.新种的背侧褶略显弯曲,这一特点明显不同于主要分布于中国北方的黑龙江林蛙种组Rana amurensis group和中国林蛙种组R.chensinensis group的成员.新种与长肢林蛙种组R.longicrus group的镇海林蛙R.zhenhaiensis在背侧褶的弯曲特点上相似,但前者有别于后者的主要特点有:头型较宽扁,雌蛙后腿相对较长,蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ:3-3/Ⅲ:1-1.新种与长肢林蛙种组的其他林蛙不仅在背侧褶和头型等方面明显有别,而且蝌蚪唇齿式也显著不同.通过对四川、贵州和云南的昭觉林蛙R.chaochiaoensis成体和蝌蚪标本(包括地模标本)的核查和比较,新种的胫跗关节前达眼角,皮肤光滑,缺乏疣粒,雄性腹侧无雄性线,蝌蚪下唇乳突排列规则,中央无缺刻;而昭觉林蛙胫跗关节前达鼻孔或超过吻端,体侧和背部有圆疣或长疣,雄性背腹侧均有雄性线,蝌蚪下唇中央乳头排列稀疏或有缺刻.     

新疆蛙类遗传多样性与系统发育研究

[目的]为了解新疆地区中国林蛙中亚林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙的遗传多样性及系统发育。[方法]分别于新疆7个地方采集了4种蛙类共53个个体,对线粒体12S RNA基因进行了扩增和测序。[结果]经过拼接和比对,得到长度为893 bp片段的序列,4种蛙类共定义了21个单倍型,其中,中国林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙遗传变异程度高,而中亚林蛙的遗传变异很低。各群体总遗传分化系数Gst为0.367 88,总固定系数Fst为0.871 56,总基因流Nm为0.04。中国林蛙与中亚林蛙之间的遗传距离最大,为0.158,与中亚侧褶蛙之间的遗传距离次之,为0.137,与阿尔泰林蛙之间遗传距离最小,为0.034。聚类分析显示中国林蛙和阿尔泰林蛙聚为一支,中亚林蛙和中亚侧褶蛙聚为一支。[结论]新疆地区的中国林蛙、中亚侧褶蛙和阿尔泰林蛙的遗传多样性丰富,中亚林蛙的遗传多样性较低,各群体遗传分化程度较高。     

云南昆明地区滇蛙和昭觉林蛙的形态特征及习性分化比较

根据对滇蛙（Rana pleuraden）和昭觉林蛙（R．chaochiaoensis）标本外部形态比较和野外观察结果,滇蛙和昭觉林蛙的雌雄性比大约在1：1之间,而它们的形态特征、栖境与习性、繁殖时间等均存在分化。昭觉林蛙更适应陆地生活。昆明地区的滇蛙和昭觉林蛙的繁殖策略不同,滇蛙的繁殖在3—7月,昭觉林蛙的在9—11月。昭觉林蛙选择在冬季繁殖,可以避开与其它蛙类的繁殖竞争,但其更深层次的生物学意义值得进一步探讨。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.