Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida)

Twenty-one species of Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909 are described and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. S. spongites (Pallas, 1766), the type species, is redescribed from the neotype specimen and included here for completeness. A neotype specimen for S. duboisii (Audouin, 1826) and a lectotype specimen for S. viride (Thornely, 1905) are designated and 14 new species of Stylopoma are described from Indo-West Pacific material in the Recent bryozoan collections of the Natural History Museum, London.     

白花铃子香的模式指定

作者在对铃子香属( Chelonopsis )进行系统学研究过程中发现白花铃子香( C.albiflora )的模式标本已遗失.为了使这一名称的用法得以保持,根据国际植物命名法规(维也纳法规)之规则9.11和9.15,作者为其指定了一个新模式.同时本文也对白花铃子香( C.albiflora )和轮叶铃子香( C.souliei )的种间关系进行了讨论.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dicrogaster perpusilla</Emphasis> Looss, 1902 <Emphasis Type="Italic">sensu</Emphasis> Sarabeev &; Balbuena (Digenea: Haploporidae): a note of caution

Sarabeev & Balbuena (2003) considered Dicrogaster perpusilla Looss, 1902 and D. contracta Looss, 1902 (Digenea: Haploporidae) synonymous. They designated a neotype for the type-species, D. perpusilla, from a sample of specimens ex Chelon labrosus off West Thurrock, UK. The morphology of the material (three specimen lots) studied by these authors was re-examined in detail and compared with their data. The material labelled ‘D. perpusilla’ from off West Thurrock, from which the neotype specimen was selected, consists of 14 specimens; of these one might belong to Haploporus Looss, 1902 and one to Haplosplanchnus Looss 1902. A well-developed genital atrium was observed in 11 of the 12 remaining specimens, and they all possess large saccular caeca and a vitellarium consisting of two groups of loosely coalesced follicles rather than two compact masses. These features suggest that the 12 specimens of this lot may belong to Saccocoelium Looss, 1902, but the state of the material does not permit its reliable identification. The specimen designated by Sarabeev & Balbuena (2003) as the neotype of D. perpusilla represents a neogravid dorso-laterally mounted specimen and is unrecognisable. Although five of the six voucher specimens of these authors may represent Dicrogaster spp., the poor state of this material does not allow its accurate identification. The metrical data obtained from this voucher material indicate that juvenile and laterally mounted specimens have been used in the comparisons upon which the synonymy of D. perpusilla and D. contracta was suggested. The overall conclusion of the study is that the synonymy of D. contracta and D. perpusilla proposed by Sarabeev & Balbuena (2003) is based on questionable material. Since the neotype of D. perpusilla is unrecognisable, and a number of qualifying conditions of the ICZN in its designation were not met, the usage of the original conception of the type-species of Dicrogaster given by Looss (1902) is recommended.     

Manna scale,Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)*

Abstract. The mealybug Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829) is described and illustrated, and a neotype female selected from topotypic material collected in the Sinai Peninsula. A lectotype female is designated for Trabutina palestina Bodenheimer (1927) which is shown to be a junior synonym of T.mannipara.     

DRAGONFLY TYPES FROM THE DOBSON COLLECTION, WITH THE DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES

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The primary type material of five species of Odonata, previously in the collection of Roderick Dobson, has been transferred to the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. It comprises the holotypes of Archaeophya adamsi Fraser and Micromidia rodericki Fraser, and the type series of Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, Argiolestes calcaris Fraser, and Argiolestes calcaris tenuis Fraser, from which lectotypes are designated.
A neotype is selected for Agriolestes griseus subgriseus Fraser.     

A neotype and 2 topotypes for Bola chaptis Hamilton, 1822 (Pisces, Sciaenidae)

Hamilton (1822) described and figured Bola chaptis from the River Ganges, but left no type material. Trewavas & Talwar (1972, p. 11) have described a species that they believe identical with B. chaptis and placed it in the genus Bahaba Herre. Since their specimens came from Burma they did not propose a neotype from among them. During the course of a taxonomic study of the family Sciaenidae, 3 well-preserved specimens in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India were recognized by us as the same species. They were collected by the junior author at Chinsura in the Hooghly estuary during September 1954. This discovery supports the decision of Trewavas and Talwar to use Hamilton's name and after consultation with Dr Trewavas we have decided to select one of these specimens as neotype of Bahaba chaptis (Hamilton).     

Description of the neotype ofRepomucenus sagitta (Callionymidae) with comments on the species

The neotype ofRepomucenus sagitta is described. Specimens conspecific with the neotype from India, the Gulf of Thailand, the South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and Australia are described. Sexual characters, geographic variation, habitat and geographic distribution were noted.Repomucenus macdonaldi is a junior synonym ofR. sagitta as defined by the neotype.     

A redescription of Aegypoecus brevicollis (Burmeister, 1838) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

After studying some material belonging to genus Aegypoecus Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1939 captured on the head and neck of a European black vulture Aegypius monachus, the authors have identified these specimens as Aegypoecus brevicollis (Burmeister, 1838). Morphobiometric data on adults (both males and females) are given, and the designation of a neotype for this species is proposed.     

Pseudocatamachilis gen.n., a new genus of Machilidae (Insecta, Apterygota, Microcoryphia) from Spain

A new genus, Pseudocatamachilis gen.n. is established on the basis of a thorough study of many specimens male and female of Catamachilis torquata (Nav#aAs, 1905). All type material was lost during the Spanish civil war (1936-39). A neotype is designated and the species redescribed. Genus Pseudocatamachilis is related to Catamachilis Silvestri and Promesomachilis Silvestri, but distinguished from these genera by the type of ovipositor and the presence of two pairs of parameres, among other characteristics given in the text.     

Typification of the Linnaean name Ononis crispa and the related O. zschackei (Fabaceae)

The typification of the Linnaean name Ononis crispa and the related O. zschackei (Fabaceae) is discussed. Original material for O. crispa was traced at LINN, but found to be heterogeneous. In addition, the illustration by Magnol cited in the protologue represents O. aragonensis. The name is lectotypified using a specimen at LINN to preserve the current usage of the name and to avoid any ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype, an epitype is selected. Since no original material is extant for the name O. zschackei, a neotype is designated from a specimen preserved at P and collected in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain).     

Taxonomic review of the genus Trisopterus(Teleostei: Gadidae) with recognition of the capelan Trisopterus capelanus as a valid species

Trisopterus is demonstrated to be monophyletic, including four distinct species: T. capelanus, T. esmarkii, T. luscus and T. minutus. The capelan T. capelanus is resurrected from the synonymy of poor cod T. minutus, and is shown to be morphologically more similar to T. luscus, to which species it is also more closely related, indicated by a phylogenetic analysis presented here. A lectotype is designated for T. luscus. Trisopterus fasciatus, the type species of Trisopterus, is a junior synonym of T. luscus, and the lectotype of T. luscus is designated as the neotype of T. fasciatus. The lectotype of T. luscus is also designated as the neotype of Gadus barbatus. Gadus barbatus has priority over T. luscus but the name is suppressed by prevailing usage of T. luscus. A neotype is designated also for T. minutus. A phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b, and a fragment of the nuclear rhodopsin gene, shows that T. capelanus and T. luscus are sister species, and in turn sister to a clade formed by T. minutus and T. esmarkii.     

Lectotypification of the name Epipactis leptochila (Orchidaceae)

It is argued that an alleged lectotype of the name Epipactis leptochila (designated in 1981) is actually a neotype, as the published plate in question did not appear in print until 14 years after the protologue. A herbarium specimen at BM represents original material that was used by Godfery when describing the E. leptochila, and in all probability the same is true for the original watercolour painting (now deposited at the Natural History Museum, London) from which the published plate was eventually reproduced. Therefore, a part of the herbarium specimen is designated as lectotype.     

Morphological and molecular identity of Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus (Diptera: Culicidae), the nominotypical member of a malaria vector species complex in Southeast Asia

A neotype for Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus (Rodenwaldt), the nominotypical member of a malaria vector species complex, is selected from the progeny of a female collected at Pandan Beach near Lundu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Siblings of the neotype and other topotypic specimens are used to characterize and fix the morphological and molecular identity of the species as a foundation for systematic studies of the species complex. The species is described and illustrated in the adult, pupal and larval stages, and DNA sequence data are included for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and the nuclear ITS‐2 region.     

Taxonomy of mayapple rust: the genus Allodus resurrected

Mayapple rust is a common, disfiguring disease that is widespread in temperate eastern North America wherever the host, Podophyllum peltatum, occurs. Puccinia podophylli, the etiological agent of this rust, has been shown to be distantly related to both Puccinia and Uromyces as exemplified by their types. A systematic study was made to determine the generic classification of P. podophylli. Phylogenetic analyses of two rDNA loci from multiple specimens support the recognition of this taxon as a separate genus of Pucciniaceae. Based on historical literature and type material, P. podophylli was found to represent the type of the forgotten genus Allodus and it is correctly named Allodus podophylli. A neotype is designated for Puccinia podophylli Schwein. (≡ Allodus podophylli) and a lectotype is designated for Aecidium podophylli.     

Revision of the Fabriciinae genus Fabriciola Friedrich, 1939 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)

The Sabellidae polychaete genus Fabriciola Friedrich is revised as a result of examination of as much of the type material as possible. The type species for the genus has been confused. The earliest designation appears to be Fabricia (Manayunkia) spongicola Southern, 1921, by Ushakov [ Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 56: 1–445 (1955)], whereas subsequent works have incorrectly referred to Manayunkia pacifica Annenkova, 1934, as the type species. The following species are redescribed: Fabriciola baltica Friedrich, 1939, F. berkeleyi Banse, 1956, F. ghardaqa Banse, 1959 a . A new species, F. mediaseta, is described. A neotype is designated for F . baltica. Existence of the type material of F. spongicola (Southern), F. pacifica (Annenkova), and F. tonerella Banse, 1959 b is unknown, but these species are discussed in relation to species examined.     

A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

This paper comprises a complete revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Amerila ( Rhodogastria auct.), based on adult morphology. Examination of type material for most described taxa has resulted in numerous taxonomic changes. From a total of forty-seven previously described African taxa, thirty-five species including five newly described species and two new subspecies are recognized. For ten taxa, lectotypes have been selected, and for one species a neotype had to be designated. For each species, in addition to synonymy, a brief diagnosis based on external characters and genitalia is given, and the known distribution summarized. All species are illustrated by photographs and illustrations of male genitalia (except A.rufifemur , the male of which is unknown), and a key for determination of males by external characters is provided.     

The taxonomic status of Hylopsis platycephalus Werner, 1894 and Centrolenella Noble, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura)

On the assumption that the holotype of the South American frog Hylopsis platycephalus, described by Franz Werner in 1894, had been lost, Lynch (1981) designated a neotype, but in so doing incorrectly associated a centrolenid species with that name. As a result of the neotype designation, the genus Centrolenella Noble, 1920 (Centrolenidae) became a junior subjective synonym of Hylopsis Werner, 1894.
The holotype of Hylopsis platycephalus, which has never been lost, was obtained from the Institut fur Zoologie der Universität Wien and on examination was found to be a species of Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838 (Hylidae) distinct from other known members of the genus. Centrolenella Noble is thus validated and Hylopsis (ayn. nov.) becomes a junior subjective synonym of Sphaenorhynchus.
The rules of nomenclature relating to the neotype are discussed and Sphaenorhynchus platycephalus comb. nov. is redescribed. The centrolenid species which Lynch (1981) assigned to Hylopsis platycephalus is named Centrolenella savagei sp. nov.     

Redescription of Naja siamensis (Serpentes: Elapidae), a widely overlooked spitting cobra from S.E. Asia: geographic variation, medical importance and designation of a neotype

The Indochinese spitting cobra, Naja siamensis Laurenti, 1768, is redescribed. In order to avoid future confusion with other Asiatic Naja species, and to fix this scientific name irrefutably, we designate a neotype for this species, and designate the same specimen as neotype for the junior synonym Naja naja isanensis Nutaphand, 1982. The pattern of geographic variation in this species is investigated by means of multivariate analysis of morphological characters. We summarize the literature concerning this species, with particular emphasis on separating information concerning N. siamensis from that relating to other Asiatic cobra species. This species is of considerable medical importance, and we present case histories of local envenoming and snake venom ophthalmia.