新台糖25号甘蔗愈伤组织诱导试验

以甘蔗新台糖25号心叶为试材,分别在添加2,4-D1．5、2．5、3．5、4．5、5．5、6．5mg/L6 个处理的MS培养基上培养。结果表明,2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导及其继代培养有显著影响,诱导效果以2,4-D2．5mg/L为佳。     

黑广肩步甲形态特征及其生物学特性

记述了黑广肩步甲CalosomamaximocicziMorawitz各虫态的形态特征、生物学特性。在山东栖霞地区,该虫1年发生1代,以成虫在土壤中越冬。成虫在5月中旬至9月末发生,8月产卵。卵期平均为5d;幼虫共3龄,历期分别为5～6d,4～5d,5～6d;预蛹期约为25d;蛹期为24～27d。成、幼虫以多种鳞翅目幼虫为食。     

安菜的组织培养与植株再生

通过对安菜组织培养的培养基种类、激素配比、碳源的研究,得出适于安菜侧芽分化生长的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L。诱导愈伤组织以2,4-D浓度在0．2mg／L～0．5mg／L之间最佳。碳源以蔗糖,浓度3％最佳。以IBA0．5mg／L～1．5mg／L浓度诱导生根效果最好。     

变色树蜥消化道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位

用免疫组织化学ABC法,应用5-羟色胺(5-HT)特异性抗血清,对变色树蜥(Calotes versicolor)消化道内含有5-HT的内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学的定位研究和形态学观察。结果显示,5-HT细胞在变色树蜥消化道的各个部位均有分布,分布密度近似呈“M”形,其中以空肠分布密度最高,胃体次之,食管最低。5-HT细胞的形态多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、长锥体形等,其中胃、幽门和直肠以圆形和椭圆形为主,小肠则以长锥体形为主,其细长突起指向肠腔或固有膜;细胞分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间或固有膜内;多数细胞以内分泌功能为主,少数细胞具有外分泌功能。比较分析表明,5-HT细胞分布型可能与动物的食性有关。     

湖北海棠5A基因进化与表达分析

以水杨酸(SA)诱导的湖北海棠双链cDNA为模板,克隆湖北海棠5A基因并对其序列进行比对分析,用邻位法构建进化树;以根、茎、叶等器官的单链cDNA为模板、以半定量及NCBI数据库相关EST分析研究其5A基因的表达特性,以探讨湖北海棠真核生物蛋白翻译起始因子5A基因序列、表达及进化的相关信息.结果表明:(1)湖北海棠5A基因编码框长度为477个核苷酸,编码159个氨基酸,其序列与部分已报道的双子叶植物一致性达91％,与单子叶植物、细菌、古细菌、藻类一致性分别为96％、55％、70％、63％.(2)蛋白的三级结构显示湖北海棠5A蛋白与拟南芥5A蛋白也十分相似;基因进化分析显示湖北海棠5A基因沿着细菌、古细菌、藻类的进化路径,最后与月季聚在同一分枝中.(3)基因表达分析表明,湖北海棠5A基因不仅在根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子等器官中表达,而且在不同的发育时期和各种胁迫条件下表达,具有组成性表达的特点.     

两种蛇消化道5-羟色胺细胞的免疫组织化学定位及比较

应用5－羟色胺特异性抗血清,对眼镜蛇和乌梢蛇消化道含5－HT的内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位和比较。5－HT细胞的形态在两种蛇中大致相同,消化道各部位都有呈圆形和长梭形（具胞突）的阳性细胞。食道和胃以圆形细胞为主,肠道段则以长梭形细胞为主。眼镜蛇5－HT细胞以十二指肠密度为最高,食道最低;乌梢蛇以幽门部密度为最高,直肠最低。肠道段两者分布特点相同,从十二指肠至直肠分布密度渐疏。本文还对两种蛇5－HT细胞分布型的原因、形态和功能相适应的特点进行了讨论。     

玉米P25自交系抗锈病基因的遗传分析及SSR分子标记定位

以玉米南方型锈病免疫自交系P2 5和感病自交系F3 4 9及F1、F2 、B1和B2 为材料 ,采用主基因 多基因混合遗传模型研究了P2 5的抗病遗传规律。结果表明 :自交系P2 5的抗病基因为一主基因 ,表现为加性效应 ,没有检测出多基因 ,其在F2 、B1和B2 群体的遗传率分别为 81 88%、38 14 %和 5 5 1%。利用SSR分子标记技术 ,以组合P2 5×F3 4 9的F2 :3 家系作为构图群体 ,构建了玉米SSR遗传连锁图谱 ,并将玉米抗南方型锈病基因定位于 10号染色体上 ,与phi0 5 9标记的遗传距离为 5 8cM。     

水稻MYB cDNA的克隆和表达分析

根据植物MYB类转录因子DNA结合功能域的保守区设计一对简并引物 ,以水稻根、小苗和未成熟种子中的RNA为材料 ,用RT PCR方法扩增出约 180bp的片段。序列分析表明 ,它们与MYB基因的保守区有很好的同源性。以未成熟种子中获得的这一 180bp片段作探针 ,从水稻未成熟种子cDNA文库中分离到 5个新的MYB基因家族成员 ,它们是OsMYB12、13、14、15和5 1。在酵母系统中证实OsMYB13、OsMYB15和Os MYB5 1蛋白具有转录激活功能。Northern印迹分析表明 ,OsMYB5 1主要在未成熟种子中表达 ,在根和小苗中表达水平较低。RT PCR分析表明 ,OsMYB15在根、茎、小穗、叶片和种子中有低水平的表达     

蜘蛛北国壁钱繁殖生物学特性的观察

为保护利用北国壁钱(Uroctea lesserti),作者从1996年3月~2003年3月在山东日照市沿海地区对其生物学特性进行了观察。结果表明,北国壁钱在该地区一年发生一代,以不同龄的若蛛附着于室内墙壁上、桥洞、山洞内的扁圆钱形巢内越冬。翌年4月上旬出蛰,7月上旬发育至成蛛,开始交配、产卵、孵化。卵期13·5d,若蛛期337·2d,成蛛期106·5d。雌雄比为5∶3。成蛛日食麦蛾(Gelechiidae)5·8头,以多种昆虫为食。     

芒果横线尾夜蛾的生活习性及防治

芒果横线尾夜蛾在元江 1年发生 5～ 6代 ,世代重叠 ,以蛹在枯枝或树皮缝中越冬。幼虫共 5龄 ,3龄以后集中钻蛀嫩梢和花穗轴 ,严重影响芒果的树势和产量。新梢抽生 2～ 5cm时用 1 0 0 0～ 1 5 0 0倍液的杀朴磷、氧化乐果、杀虫威交替喷雾 ,防效均在 89 95 %以上。     

Novel cnidocysts of narcomedusae and a medusivorous ctenophore, and confirmation of kleptocnidism

Cnidocysts have been examined from the tentacles of the ctenophore Haeckelia rubra (Euchlora rubra) and five species of hydrozoan narcomedusae (Solmundella bitentaculata, Aegina citrea, Solmissus marshalli, Solmissus albescens, and Cunina sp.) using TEM, both in sections and by firing whole cnidocysts onto EM grids. The study revealed that these apotrichous isorhiza cnidocysts have a novel morphology in which the intracapsular inverted tubule has five circumferential pleats when viewed in transverse section, rather than the usual three pleats. Accordingly, the definition of helicoptychoneme cnidocysts has been broadened to include both the usual three-pleated cnidocysts and these new five-pleated cnidocysts. In general, apotrichous isorhizas have subspherical capsules with a thick, bilayered wall, whose interior is nearly filled with the regularly coiled, helically folded, five-pleated inverted tubule. Upon discharge, the everted tubule is several mm long and the five circumferential pleats become manifested as five helical rows of spines running up the tubule, which has three morphologically different segments. The very short basal segment is devoid of ornamentation; the remaining proximal portion is characterized by five spirals of uniform, closely packed short spines; the long distal portion is characterized by a single spiral of regularly spaced large spines that derive from all five spirals-the five spirals are otherwise demarcated in the distal portion by 'scales' that are visible only with the electron microscope.     

A new elater-bearing Late Albian pollen species from offshore eastern Saudi Arabia

A new elater-bearing pollen referable to Elaterocolpites is described from Late Albian sediments of the Arabian Gulf, offshore eastern Saudi Arabia. This pollen has a main body consisting of five elater-like projections in the equatorial area and five colpi, one colpus at the base of each projection. The exine has three layers. The foot-layer forms the nexine whereas the other two layers, the baculate-layer and the tectum, form the sexine. The exine structure has an angiosperm affinity. The pollen occurs within the Middle Cretaceous phytogeoprovince characterized by its elater-bearing palynomorph occurrences.     

Floral ontogeny in legume genera Petalostylis, Labichea, and Dialium (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction

Floral ontogeny of taxa of two subtribes (Labicheinae, Dialiinae) of caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae, characterized by reduced number of floral organs, was compared. All three taxa studied are distichous; Petalostylis labicheoides flowers are solitary in leaf axils, Labichea lanceolata has few-flowered racemes, and Dialium guineense has numerous-flowered cymes. The first sepal primordium in each is initiated abaxially and nonmedianly. Order of organogenesis in Petalostylis is: five sepals bidirectionally, five petals and carpel simultaneously, then five stamens bidirectionally, starting abaxially. The order in Labichea is: five sepals helically (one lagging in time), five petals unidirectionally starting abaxially, the carpel and petals concurrently, then two stamens successively, starting laterally. Order in Dialium is: five sepals bidirectionally, the single petal adaxially, and lastly the carpel and two stamens concurrently. Specializations include (1) reduction of the five sepals to four by fusion in Petalostylis and Labichea; (2) reduction of petal number to one in Dialium; (3) reduction of stamen number to two in Labichea and Dialium, and reduction of functional stamens to three in Petalostylis; and (4) an elaborate, late-developing style in Petalostylis. Floral asymmetry, another specialization, characterizes Labichea, expressed by dissimilar stamens, while the other genera have zygomorphic flowers. Floral ontogenies are compared with other taxa of Cassieae.     

Self-poisoning with Drugs: A Worsening Situation

The incidence of self-poisoning with drugs has doubled in Sheffield in the past 10 years. It now causes almost 1 in 10 of all medical admissions and one in five of all medical emergencies; it is the second most common reason for emergency admission to medical beds.The average age of the patients has fallen; one in five has previously been admitted to hospital with self-poisoning. The drugs used are normally prescribed by a doctor and the types employed reflect national prescribing trends. It is estimated that over 70,000 self-poisoning cases may be admitted to hospitals in the United Kingdom each year.     

Capacity strengthening in malaria research: the Gates Malaria Partnership

The Gates Malaria Partnership (GMP) includes five African and four European partner institutions. Its research programme has five priority areas involving an extensive range of field-based studies. GMP research has contributed significantly to the development of new research consortia investigating strategies for improving means of malaria control, and has already had an impact on policy and practice. A substantial investment in innovative training activities in malaria has enhanced knowledge and practice of malaria control at all levels from policy making to local community involvement. Capacity development, notably through a PhD programme, has been an underlying feature of all aspects of the programme.     

The international standard for teicoplanin.

An international standard for teicoplanin has been established on the basis of a collaborative study. There were five participating laboratories in five countries. The activity of the contents of each ampoule of the international standard for teicoplanin is defined as 51,550 IU of teicoplanin.     

The International Standard for Netilmicin

An International Standard for Netilmicin has been established on the basis of a collaborative assay. There were five participating laboratories in five countries. The activity of the contents of each ampoule of the International Standard for Netilmicin is defined as 4810 IU of netilmicin.     

Branchial Cleft Anomalies: A Review of 87 Cases Treated at the Toronto General Hospital

The embryology, anatomy and pathology of branchial cleft anomalies are discussed and 87 cases reviewed.The most frequent anomaly was branchial cleft cyst, of which there were 77 cases. Treatment in all cases consisted of complete excision.There were five cases of external branchial sinus and five cases of complete branchial fistula. Sinograms were helpful in demonstrating these lesions. Excision presented little difficulty.No proved case of branchiogenic carcinoma has been found in the Toronto General Hospital. Five cases are described in which the original diagnosis was branchiogenic carcinoma—in four of these a primary tumour has already been found. The authors believe that the diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma should never be accepted until repeated examinations over a period of at least five years have failed to reveal a primary tumour.     

POLLEN WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SELECTED DISPERSED MONOSULCATE POLLEN FROM THE CENOMANIAN,DAKOTA FORMATION,OF CENTRAL USA

Seven dispersed monosulcate pollen taxa from the Dakota Formation of Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas were examined ultrastructurally. Rugubivesiculites rugosus has gymnosperm affinities based on its anasulcate aperture and the presence and nature of the formation of sacci. Stellatopollis sp. has exine sculpturing restricted to taxa with angiosperm affinities and is monosulcate. The affinities of the other five monosulcate taxa are uncertain and the exines are tectategranular. The sulcus in many of the remaining five taxa are flanked by small flange-like sacci. These five taxa have features found in gymnosperms and also some features of primitive extant angiosperms. The combination of characters of the pollen types presented here does not entirely agree with our current concept of primitive pollen characters as understood from extant ranalean angiosperms.     

THE SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SEED MORPHOLOGY IN THE NEOTROPICAL CAPSULAR-FRUITED MELASTOMATACEAE

Seed shape has traditionally been used as a tribal character in the capsular-fruited Melastomataceae. The seed morphology of the five neotropical tribes—Microlicieae, Tibouchineae, Rhexieae, Merianieae, and Bertolonieae—was studied with scanning electron and light microscopes. On the basis of seed morphology, five seed types are recognized: microlicioid, tibouchinoid, rhexioid, merianioid, and bertolonioid. Each of these types is illustrated and discussed, with some observations on the range of variation found. The genera of these five neotropical tribes were surveyed for seed morphology, and the results are presented here, together with a discussion of their systematic significance. On the whole, seed morphology confirms the existence of five tribes among the neotropical capsular-fruited Melastomataceae and provides interesting evidence for generic relationships; however, it also calls into doubt the taxonomic disposition of certain genera and the delimitation of these five tribes. The seeds of most genera fit into one of these five basic types, but there are some which do not; these exceptions are discussed in terms of their seed morphology and possible relationships.