中国花翅跳小蜂族二新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述采自辽宁沈阳和大连的跳小蜂2新种,即丽柄虱克跳小蜂Aschitus scapus Xu,sp.nov.和短颊赛诺跳小蜂Xenoencyrtus brevimalarus Xu,sp.nov..虱克跳小蜂属Aschitus Mercet和赛诺跳小蜂属Xenoencyrtus Riek为我国新纪录属.     

艾菲跳小蜂族三中国新记录属三新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

报道采自辽宁沈阳、阜新和大连的3种跳小蜂,即黑角赛巴跳小蜂Ceballosia nigricornis Xu,sp．nov．、短翅抑蚧跳小蜂Echthroplexiella brachyptera Xu,sp．nov．和黄角秀柯跳小蜂Pseudococcobius flavicornis Xu,sp．nov．,对新种进行了详细描述。本文也是赛巴跳小蜂属Ceballosia Mercet、抑蚧跳小蜂属Echthroplexiella Mercet和秀柯跳小蜂属Pseudococcobius Timberlake在我国分布的首次记录。     

中国跳小蜂二新纪录属及三新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

报道采自福建福州、吉林长春的3种跳小蜂,即桔小食甲跳小蜂Cerchysiella citricola Xu,sp.nov.,寄主为日本方头甲Cybocephalis nipponicus Endr.-Younga,初级寄主为柑橘类;扁角尼克跳小蜂Neocladella platicornis Xu,sp.nov.寄主不明和短翅思奇跳小蜂,其触角扁平膨大;短翅思奇跳小蜂Schilleriella brevipterus Xu,sp.nov.寄主为粉蚧,其前翅退化缩短.对新种进行了详细描述.本文也是尼克跳小蜂属Neocladella Girault和思奇跳小蜂属Schilleriella Ghesquiere在我国分布的首次记录.标本保存在浙江大学农业与生物技术学院应用昆虫研究所.     

四突跳小蜂亚科二中国新记录属二新种（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

报道了采自辽宁阜新,黑龙江镜泊湖和云南昆明的跳小蜂,即阔柄杜丝跳小蜂,新种Dusmetia latiscapa Xu,sp．nov、云南蚧狼跳小蜂,新种Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu,sp．nov．。对新种进行了详细描述。本也是杜丝跳小蜂属Dusmetia Mercet和蚧狼跳小蜂属Gyranusoidea Compere在我国分布的首次记录。阔柄杜丝跳小蜂,新种Dusmetia latiscapa Xu,sp．nov．寄主：粉蚧。分布：黑龙江(镜泊湖),辽宁(阜新)。本种与Dusmetia cardinalis Hoffer,1969相似,有以下几点区别：(1)本种索节第4节端部和第5、6节为白色,后索节3-6节为白色;(2)本种柄节长为宽的2．7倍,后柄节长为宽的5倍;(3)本种前翅完全退化,呈翅芽状,后前翅退化,末端尖;(4)前头胸腹呈现黑褐色,后呈红褐色。云南蚧狼跳小蜂,新种Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu,sp．nov．寄主：粉蚧。分布：云南(昆明)。本新种与Gyranusoidea hecale Noyes et Hayat 1988很相似,主要区别是新种：(1)触角窝与复眼之间有1褐色斑,后触角窝与复眼之间有1褐色线相连;(2)触角柄节细长,长为最宽处的5倍,后柄节膨大,长为最宽处的2．5—2．8倍;(3)触角柄节近端无白色环斑,后触角柄节近端有白色环斑。     

寡索跳小蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了寡索跳小蜂属Arrhenophagus Aurivillius的1新种,即长距寡索跳小蜂Arrhenophagus longicalcaratus sp.nov.。标本采自于云南省,从柑桔属植物上的盾蚧育得。     

中国斑翅跳小蜂属一新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了育自上海桃树上1种盾蚧中的斑翅跳小蜂属1新种:上海斑翅跳小蜂Epitetracnemus shanghaiensis sp.nov..文中给出了新种的形态特征图和该属分种检索表.研究标本保存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所.     

介壳虫寄生蜂二中国新记录属及三新种 (膜翅目: 跳小蜂科)

报道寄生介壳虫的跳小蜂 3新种 ,即采自新疆的昌吉跳小蜂 Encyrtuschangjiensis Xu,sp.n.、采自吉林的缢盾伊丽跳小蜂 Ericydnus scutellus Xu,sp.n.和采自甘肃的宽额苏泊跳小蜂 Subprionomitus frontatus Xu,sp.n.。本文也是伊丽跳小蜂属 Ericydnus Walker和苏泊跳小蜂属 Subprionomitus Mercet在我国分布的首次记录。     

长索跳小蜂属一新种及五斑敌若跳小蜂雄虫记述(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

记述采自新疆的2种粉蚧寄生蜂,即黄棒长索跳小蜂Anagyrus flaviclavatus Xu,sp.nov.和五斑敌若跳小蜂 Dinocarsiella quinqueguttata Xu,2000的雄虫,该种雄虫为首次记录.模式标本保存于浙江农林人学农业与食品科学学院植物保护系.     

抑虱跳小蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

记述了采自福建的抑虱跳小蜂属AcerophagusSmith1新种——二环抑虱跳小蜂AcerophagusbiannulatusXu,sp.nov.。对我国现有二种抑虱跳小蜂,即棒节抑虱跳小蜂AcerophagusclavatusXu和松粉蚧抑虱跳小蜂AcerophaguscoccoisSmith比较了区别特征。模式标本保存在浙江大学昆虫科学研究所。     

中国跳小蜂科(膜翅目,小蜂总科)一新属一新种

记述了中国跳小蜂科1新属1新种,竹粉蚧隆盾跳小蜂Clivia antoninae gen.et sp.nov.,提供了该属分类特征的扫描电镜图片.隆盾跳小蜂属Clivia gen.nov.与其近缘属花翅跳小蜂属Microterys Thomson和毛盾跳小蜂属Trichomasthus Thomson主要区别在:触角窝深,侧背方有明显的脊;上颚具两盾齿;小盾片强烈隆起.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

Three New Glycosides from Halenia clliptica

Three new glycosides have been obtained from the herb Halenia elliptica D. Don (Genti- anaceae) which is used for treatment of liver diseases in Qinghai-Tibetan folk. Their structu- res have been identified as 1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2,3,5,7-terameth-oxyxanthone(Ⅰ) or as l-O-primeverosyl-2,3,5,7-tetramethoxyxanthone),1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (Ⅱ, or as 1-O-primeverosyl-2,3,5-trimeth- oxyxanthone), and 1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxan- thone (Ⅲ, or as 1-O-primeverosyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone) respectively, by means of che- mical and spectral methods. Ⅰ and Ⅱ are another two new antihepatitisic constituents of this species, and their biological activity of antihepatitis has been displayed by the pharmacological research. They were named haleniaside (Ⅰ) and demethoxyhaleniaside (Ⅱ).     

鱼藤的三个新三萜化合物

从民间杀虫植物鱼藤（Derris eriocarpa How)的根中分离得到5个三萜化合物,经波谱和化学分析确定了这些化合物的化学结构,其中化合物1（3β,15α-dihydroxy-olean-12(13)-en-16-one),2(3β,15α,23-trihydroxy-olean-12(13)en-16-one),3(15α-hydroxyl-16-oxo-olean-12(13)-en-3-O-β-glucuronopyranoside)为新化合物,命名为鱼藤三萜素A,B,C。两个已知三萜为2β,3β,28-三羟基-12（13）-烯-齐墩果烷和β-香树脂素（β-amyrin)。另外还得到了二十七碳脂肪酸单甘油酯和β-谷甾醇。     

扁孔腔菌属3个中国新记录种

在对山东青岛城阳三标山、东营黄河三角洲、烟台昆嵛山的真菌采集鉴定中,发现了扁孔腔菌属Lophiostoma 3个中国新记录种:芦竹扁孔腔菌Lophiostoma arundinis、黏扁孔腔菌Lophiostoma mucosum和半离扁孔腔菌Lophiostoma semiliberum。文中对该3个种进行形态描述、图示和讨论。     

Three New Sesquiterpenoid Glycosides from Tobacco

Three sesquiterpenoid glycosides, 3β-hydroxysolanascone-β-sophoroside 1a, 3β-hydroxy-solavetivone-β-glucoside 2a and rishitin glycoside 3a, were isolated from tobacco.     

Three New Cytotypes of Dryopteris chrysocoma Complex

Two new species and one nataral hydrid close to Dryopteris chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr. are found by means of cytological study, which shows that D. chrysocoma circumscribed in the past is not a single diploid in its range, but consists of several cytotypes. D. para-chrysocoma is a sexual diploid with narrowly lanceolate laminae that are almost glandless. The scales on the rachis and pinna rachis are pale brown, longer in length (4-7 mm) and denser. Indusium lacks glands too. The ultimate segments are narrower and separated by arrow spaces. These characters distinguish it from D. chrysocoma. D. zinongii is a sexual tetraploid. It is recognised by its ovate laminae, sparse, small and dark brown scales on the rachis and pinna rachis (1-2mm in length), broad segments closely adjacent one another and membranous indusia. D. × daliensis is shown to be an apomictic triploid which has rather irregular meiosis. There are some free chromosomes at the first metaphase, some lagging chromosomes and bridges at the first anaphase and some micronuclei in young spores. Some unpaired univalents can even be seen at diplotene. Approximately 14 univalents, 14 bivalents and 27 trivalents were observed at late diakinesis. Although a large number of SMCs were counted, a definite chromosome number has so far proved impossible to be obtained. This is possibly caused by variable pairing of the three genomes and different trivalent numbers formed in each SMC. As a result, generally less than 64 abortive spores are formed in each sporangium, but the sporangium with 32 spores could also be found rarely. All these show that this hybrid may be derived from the cross between a diploid and a tetraploid which have homoeologous genomes. D. × daliensis is morphologically intermediate between D. zinongii and D. paraChrysocoma. in respect to characters such as ovate-lanceolate laminae, brown rachis scales with a dark central stripe, 2-3 mm in length, and abortive spores in unequal size and different shapes etc. In addition, they are often found growing together in Cang Shan, Yunnan. It is therefore reasonable to consider that the latter two are probably the parents of the former. These new cytotypes show the presence of Dryopteris chry-socoma complex which is generally characterized by shell-shaped indusia and glandular fronds. Accoding to the morphology, D. woodsiisora Hayata, D. tenuissima Tagawa, D. alpicola Ching et Z. R. Wang, D. fangii Ching, Fraser-Jenkins et Z. R. Wang and D. pseudochrysocoma Ching etc. should be the members of this complex. In order to clarify the relationships between all the members of D. chrysocoma complex, a great deal of further cytogenetic study, including artificial hybridization and analysis of meiosis in both wild and synthesized hybrids, is required. The author is grateful to Prof. R. C. Ching and Mr. C. R. Fraser-Jenkins of the British Museum (Natural History) for their kind and helpful suggestion, and thank Mr. Q. Xia and Mr. Y. L. Ma for their help in the field work.     

西藏3种植物新分布

2015年6月5~6日,在西藏墨脱县背崩乡西让村附近海拔747~772m发现3种植物,并采集标本,经鉴定,分别为浆果乌桕(Balakata baccata)、波罗蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus)和木棉(Bombax ceiba)。木棉为西藏自治区木棉科植物的首次记录,浆果乌桕和波罗蜜为西藏自治区植物种的新分布记录。3种植物的发现丰富了西藏的植物区系,为西藏东南部分布有热带雨林的论点提供更多的证据。     

云南秋海棠属三新种

尖被秋海棠　新种　图 1ＢｅｇｏｎｉａａｃｕｔｉｔｅｐａｌａＧｕａｎｅｔＴｉａｎ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .(Ｓｅｃｔ.Ｂｅｇｏｎｉａ)ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＢ .ａｓｐｅｒｉｆｏｌｉａｅＩｒｍｓｃｈｅｒｅｔＢ .ｌａｂｏｒｄｅｉＬ啨ｖｌ.ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｄｉｆｆｅｒｔａｂｉｌｌａｓｃａｐｉｓｅｆｏｌｉｏｌａｔｉｓ ,ｌａｍｉｎｉｓｆｏｌｉｏｒｕｍｎｏｎｌｏｂｕｌａｔｉｓｖｅｌｄｕｐｌｉｃａｔｏ -ｓｅｒｒａｔｉｓ ,ｔｅｐａｌｉｓｅｘｔｅｒｉｏｒｂｕｓｏｖａｔｏ -ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｉｓａｐｉｃｅａｃｕｍｉｎａｔｉｓ;ａｂｈａｃｉｎ…     

旱生香茶菜中三个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜

从旱生香茶菜（ｌｓｏｄｏｎ ｘｅｒｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）叶中分离得到３个新的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜,旱生香茶菜素Ｇ,Ｈ和Ｌ０通过波谱方法鉴定它们的结构。     

Three New Steroidal Alkaloids from Pachysandra axillaris

This paper describes the chemical structure elucidation of the three new alkaloids isolated from Pachysandra axillarls Franch. They are pachysamine G (20α-dimethylamino-3β-tigloylamino-5α-pregnane), pachysamine H (20α-dimethylamino-3α-N-methyl, benzoylamino-5α-pregnane) and pachysanaximine A (20 α-dimethylamino-3β-methylamino-4β-benzoxyl-5α-pregnane) respectively. Other two compounds were identified as Pachysamine A, B.