力竭性运动对大鼠肝脏线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联的影晌

本文以ＳＤ大鼠三级递增负荷力竭性跑台运动为疲劳模型,分别测定了运动后即刻肝脏线粒体：１．呼吸链复合体Ⅰ＋Ⅲ和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ电子传递与质子泵出比值（Ｈ＋／２ｅ）;２．以苹果酸＋谷氨酸（Ｍ＋Ｇ）和琥珀酸（Ｓ）为底物的呼吸控制：态３呼吸速率（Ｒ３）、态４呼吸速率（Ｒ４）、呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）和磷／氧比（Ｐ／Ｏ）。结果表明：两种呼吸底物启动的线粒体态４呼吸速率分别升高６４．４６和２３．５４％（Ｐ＜０．００１和Ｐ＜０．０５）;呼吸链复合体Ⅰ＋Ⅲ和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ的总Ｈ＋／２ｅ分别降低１８．６３和１５．８９％（均Ｐ＜０．０１）。两种呼吸底物的ＲＣＲ和Ｐ／Ｏ呈显著降低（均Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｍ＋Ｇ为呼吸底物的态３呼吸速率也呈显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｓ为呼吸底物的态３呼吸速率略有增高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示,线粒体质子漏增加,呼吸链电子传递与质子泵出偶联程度下降,氧化磷酸化脱偶联导致无效氧耗增多,可能是运动性疲劳状态下线粒体氧利用率下降的重要机制。     

力竭性运动对大鼠肝脏线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联的影响

本文以ＳＤ大鼠三级递增负荷力竭性跑台运动疲劳模型,分别测定了运动后即刻肝脏线粒体;１．呼吸链复合休Ⅰ＋Ⅲ和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ电子传递与质子泵出比值。２．以苹果糖酸＝谷氨酸和琥珀酸为底物的呼吸控制;态３呼吸速度,态４呼吸速率,呼吸控制率和磷／氧比。结果表明;两种呼吸底物启动的线粒体态４呼吸速率分别升高４６．４６和２３．５４％;呼吸链复合体Ⅰ＋Ⅲ和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ的总Ｈ＾３／２ｅ分别降低１８．６３和１５．８９％。     

疲劳性运动中线粒体电子漏引起质子漏增加

以大鼠递增强度力竭性竭性跑台运动为疲劳运动模型,观察了运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体电子漏和质子漏的变化。结果表明,运动性疲劳状态下大鼠骨骼肌线粒体超氧阴离子生成增加,脂质过氧线粒体质子漏增多是氧化磷酸化偶联程度下降的重要因素。实验结果支持电子漏引起质子漏的假说。     

线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合体的结构

线粒体作为真核细胞的重要“能量工厂”,是细胞进行呼吸作用的场所,呼吸作用包括柠檬酸循环和氧化磷酸化两个过程,其中氧化磷酸化过程的电子传递链（又称线粒体呼吸链）位于线粒体内膜上,由四个相对分子质量很大的跨膜蛋白复合体（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、和Ⅳ）、介于Ⅰ／Ⅱ与Ⅲ之间的泛醌以及介于Ⅲ与Ⅳ之间的细胞色素c共同组成。线粒体呼吸链的功能是进行生物氧化,并与称之为复合物V的ATP合成酶（磷酸化过程）相偶联,共同完成氧化磷酸化过程,并生产能量分子ATP。线粒体呼吸链的结构生物学研究对于彻底了解电子传递和能量转化的机理是至关重要的,本文分别论述线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ的结构,并跟踪线粒体呼吸链超复合体的结构研究进展。     

脉冲电流经皮刺激肝区对运动性疲劳大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合物活性的影响

目的:探讨脉冲电流经皮刺激肝区对运动性疲劳大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合物(I~IV)活性的影响。方法:选取健康8周龄Wistar雄性大鼠80只为实验对象,将实验动物随机分为安静对照组(A组)、疲劳对照组(B组)、疲劳前刺激组(C组)、疲劳后刺激组(D组),造模成功后分别在1、3、5周末分批处死。采用分光光度法测定1、3、5周各组动物的肝脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合物(I~IV)活性,大鼠肝脏线粒体蛋白定量用Bradfood蛋白定量法测定。结果:第3、5周末D组和B组、C组大鼠游泳力竭时间差异比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、C组及D组大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合物(I~IV)活性水平在第3、5周末均高于B组(P0.05)。D组大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合物(I~IV)活性水平在第3、5周末均高于C组(P0.05)。结论:脉冲电流经皮刺激运动性疲劳大鼠肝区可以提高其氧化呼吸链酶复合物(I~IV)的活性水平。     

去窦弓神经对大鼠脑细胞线粒体氧化磷酸化功能的影响

目的:探讨去窦弓神经对脑细胞线粒体氧化磷酸化功能的影响。方法:用氧电极法及华氏减压法测定线粒体的耗氧量、呼吸控制率(RCR)和二磷酸腺苷/氧比值(ADP/O)。结果:线粒体结构完整性和氧化磷酸化效率明显降低(P0.01),且随时间延长逐渐降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:去窦弓神经使脑细胞线粒体的结构和功能遭到一定程度的破坏,且随时间延长日益严重。     

耗竭性运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体内膜的影响

观察SD大鼠一次急性运动至力竭后骨骼肌线粒体内膜流动性、NADH-CoQ还原酶及ATP酶活性变化．结果显示,大鼠骨骼肌线粒体内膜微粘度较安静时显著增高,线粒体内膜NADH-CoQ还原酶和ATP酶活性分别较安静时下降34．2％和46．2％．研究提示,耗竭性运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链内膜分子动力学和呼吸链酶组分活性变化,可能是运动性疲劳重要的膜分子特征．     

一次性力竭运动对大鼠PHB1表达及线粒体功能的影响

目的：观察一次性力竭运动后大鼠脑、心、骨骼肌组织和线粒体中PHB1含量的变化及对大鼠线粒体功能的影响,探寻PHB1与线粒体功能和能量代谢的关系。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为2组（n=20）：对照组和一次性力竭运动组,大鼠进行一次性急性跑台运动建立力竭运动模型。收集各组大鼠的心、脑和骨骼肌组织样品并提取线粒体,检测其呼吸功能和ROS的变化。用Western blot方法检测组织和线粒体中PHB1蛋白表达水平;用分光光度计检测各器官中ATP含量以及线粒体中复合体V活性（ATP合酶活性）。结果：①一次性力竭运动后脑、心肌、骨骼肌中ATP含量显著性降低;②一次性力竭运动后脑、心肌、骨骼肌线粒体中复合体V活性、RCR、ROS显著性降低,ST4均显著性升高,ST3无显著性差异。③一次性力竭运动后心、脑、骨骼肌线粒体中PHB1的表达显著性减少。④通过相关性分析得出：一次性力竭运动后心、脑、骨骼肌中ATP含量与心、脑、骨骼肌中复合体V活性呈正相关;心、脑、骨骼肌中ATP含量和心、脑骨骼肌中PHB1的表达呈正相关。结论：一次性力竭运动后,降低线粒体氧化磷酸化功能,使大鼠脑、骨骼肌线粒体内ROS生成增加,PHB1的表达、ATP含量和复合体V活性均下降。一次性力竭运动使得大鼠线粒体内PHB1表达降低,线粒体功能减弱,机体能量代谢降低。     

丹参酮Ⅱ－A磺酸钠对鼠肝线粒体功能的影响

利用大鼠肝脏线粒体为材料,以琥珀酸为底物,研究了不同浓度的丹参酮Ⅱ－Ａ磺酸钠对线粒体态４、态３呼吸及呼吸控制率,线粒体跨膜电位,线粒体呼吸链复合体（Ⅱ＋Ⅲ）电子传递及质子转移活性的影响。结果证明丹参酮ⅡＡ－磺酸钠是线粒体呼吸链复合体（Ⅱ＋Ⅲ）的有效抑制剂。文中对丹参酮ⅡＡ－磺酸钠在心肌缺血再灌注过程中的保护作用的分子机理进行了讨论。     

内毒素血症对大鼠肝细胞线粒体的损伤及其机制

目的:观察内毒素血症大鼠肠粘膜与肝细胞线粒体氧化磷酸化功能的损伤及其机制.方法:测定血PaO2和肠黏膜Phi,提取肝细胞线粒体测定其超氧阴离子O-2生成量,同时测定线粒体呼吸链功能:ADP/O、呼吸控制率(RCR).结果:在内毒素血症大鼠动脉血氧分压尚正常时,其肝细胞线粒体O-2生成量显著增加.结论:在内毒素血症的发病机制中存在由于肝细胞线粒体内源性氧自由基生成增加对线粒体呼吸功能所造成的氧化损伤.肠粘膜酸中毒的发生提示细胞利用氧的功能障碍.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.