体外刺激人外周血多形核白细胞诱发化学发光研究

分别测量酵母多糖、伴刀豆球蛋白及佛波醇酯刺激人外周血多形核白细胞诱发的化学发光,结果表明：只有ＰＭＡ刺激的效果最好,即能产生持续稳定高水平的ＣＬ;进一步探索ＰＭＡ刺激ＰＭＮ产生ＣＬ的规律发出：不仅ＰＭＡ的浓度对ＰＭＮ不生ＣＬ的时相、释放速度及效率有影响,测量体系中血含量也影响其ＰＭＮ受激诱发产生的ＣＬ（最适的血浓度在１０％左右）;此外,文中还对保存不同时间的血受ＰＭＡ刺激产生ＣＬ的情况进行了观察。     

利多卡因对人离体中性白细胞超氧阴离子和p47^phox磷酸化的影响

目的用人离体中性白细胞研究利多卡因对刺激剂诱导超氧阴离子产生,蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化和NADPH氧化酶组成因子p47^phox和p67^phox从细胞质向细胞膜移动的影响。方法用细胞色素C还原法测定不同浓度利多卡因对3种刺激剂介导的中性白细胞释放超氧阴离子量。用Western blot检测中性白细胞蛋白质的磷酸化及NADPH氧化酶细胞质因子p47^phox和p67^phox的磷酸化。结果利多卡因可呈浓度依赖性抑制f MLP（N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine）介导的中性白细胞释放超氧阴离子,而对PMA（phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate）或AA（arachidonic acid）介导的中性白细胞释放超氧阴离子并无影响。利多卡因呈浓度依赖性抑制f MLP介导的中性白细胞蛋白质（86.0,58.0,45.0 kDa）的磷酸化,与利多卡因对中性白细胞释放超氧阴离子的影响相一致,另外利多卡因还可抑制细胞质因子p47^phox和p67^phox的从细胞质向细胞膜的移动,从而抑制NADPH氧化酶释放超氧阴离子。结论利多卡因呈浓度依赖性抑制f MLP介导的中性白细胞产生超氧阴离子,这一作用与抑制细胞的一些蛋白质磷酸化及p47^phox和p67^phox从细胞质向细胞膜移动有关。     

磷脂酶A2对中性粒细胞趋化和粘附的影响

胰源性１４×１０￣３ｕ磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）在体外同大鼠中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）培养６０ｍｉｎ后,细胞对ＴＮＦ趋化增强,培养１０ｍｉｎ后上清液中血栓素（ＴＸＢ＿２）含量比正常增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前列环素（ＰＧＩ＿２）含量不变。ＰＬＡ＿２激动剂Ａ２３１８７也能显著加强中性粒细胞对ＴＮＦ的趋化,并伴有ＴＸＢ＿２释放增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外,ＰＬＡ＿２和Ａ２３１８７还显著增强ＰＭＮ对玻璃珠的粘附活性。使用ＰＬＡ＿２抑制剂二溴苯乙酮（ＰＢＰＢ）和ＰＬＡ＿２多克隆抗体可抑制外源性ＰＬＡ＿２对ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附的增强作用,但对Ａ２３１８７的调节作用无效。以上结果表明ＰＬＡ＿２激活及其代谢产物可能介导ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附作用。     

微透析测试刺激皮肤和肌肉神经引起的天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸在脊髓的释放

为分析ＮＭＤＡ和非ＮＭＤＡ受体在介导脊髓不同性质疼痛的机能分化,应用微透析技术,测量刺激皮肤和肌肉神经引起的天门冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）和谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）在脊髓背角的释放。电刺激皮肤神经兴奋Ｃ纤维诱发的Ａｓｐ和Ｇｌｕ的释放分别是基础值的（３２３±５５）％（Ｐ＜００１）和（１６９±１６）％（Ｐ＜００５）;电刺激肌肉神经兴奋Ｃ纤维诱发的Ａｓｐ和Ｇｌｕ的释放分别是基础值的（１５０±１６）％（Ｐ＜００１）和（２１８±４２）％（Ｐ＜００５）。兴奋皮肤传入引起的Ａｓｐ释放明显高于Ｇｌｕ的释放（约３倍）;而兴奋肌肉传入引起的Ｇｌｕ释放明显高于Ａｓｐ的释放（约２倍）。从而提示,皮肤伤害性传入主要引起Ａｓｐ的释放增加,而肌肉的伤害性传入则主要引起Ｇｌｕ的释放增加,它们分别主要作用于ＮＭＤＡ和非ＮＭＤＡ受体而介导不同的痛传入信息。     

磷脂酶A2活性对中性粒细胞凋亡的影响

细胞凋亡（Ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）是一种机体保持内环境稳定的特殊方式。正常情况下,中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）绝大部分通过凋亡而被清除,避免因坏死而造成组织损伤。我们在研究磷脂酶２（ＰＬＡ２）激活介导创伤和感染的机理时,发现其活性介导ＴＮＦ对ＰＭＮ的激发作用。其它证据也显示ＰＬＡ２及其代谢产物在细胞凋亡过程中发挥作用,我们推测ＰＬＡ２活性对ＰＭＮ凋亡或坏死的影响,可能是控制炎症反应的主要途径。这方面的工作尚少见,本文初步报告如下。１　材料和方法（１）材料和主要试剂　雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠由本院动物中心提供。Ｐ…     

利多卡因对人中性粒细胞^3H—LPS特异性结合量的影响

目的：探讨利多卡因对人中性粒细胞３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ特异性结合量的影响。方法：用放射配基结合法测量３Ｈ标记的ＬＰＳ与中性粒细胞的特异性结合量。结果３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ与中性粒细胞的特异性结合量随３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ的增加而增加，当３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ浓度增加到８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，中性粒细胞与３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ的特异性结合基本达到饱和程度。当加入５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ利多卡因时，３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ与中性粒细胞的特异性结合量显著降低。结论：利多卡因抑制３Ｈ－ＬＰＳ与中性粒细胞结合     

三种钠尿肽抑制大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖效应的比较

本文比较了心房钠尿肽（ＡＮＰ）、Ｃ－型钠尿肽（ＣＮＰ）、血管钠肽（ＶＮＰ）抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣｓ）增殖的效应。用蛋白激酶Ｃ激动剂佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）刺激体外培养大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣｓ的增殖,以总蛋白含量和ＭＴＴ比色ＯＤ值为指标,观察三种钠尿肽对ＰＭＡ刺激大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣｓ增殖的影响。结果表明,ＰＭＡ（１０＾－９－１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）ＰＡＳＭＣｓ的总蛋白含量和ＭＴＴＯＤ值,     

缺氧—再给氧刺激培养的脑微血管内皮细胞表达细胞间粘附分子—1

在缺氧－再给氧条件下,观察了体外分离培养的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞表面粘附分子ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达及中性粒细胞与内皮细胞粘附作用的改变。结果表明,单纯缺氧１０ｈ不引起内皮细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１的上调,再给氧６ｈＩ－ＣＡＭ－１的表达升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,再给氧１２ｈ表达量增加了１００％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,此时中性粒细胞与内皮细胞的粘附作用也明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。缺氧前用盐酸川芎嗪（２ｍｇ／ｍｌ）预处理内皮细胞可阻断ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达（Ｐ＜０．０１）,同时也可降低ＰＭＮ与内皮细胞的粘附（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示,脑微血管内皮细胞在缺氧－再给氧刺激下可自身调节Ｉ－ＣＡＭ－１的表达,为中性粒细胞与内皮细胞的粘附提供特异的结合位点。     

佛波酯对SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞粘附及整合蛋白基因表达的调控作用

用促癌剂佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）作用于ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１人肝癌细胞,研究细胞表面的主要粘附分子α５β１整合蛋白基因表达及相应细胞粘附行为的改变．用１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ作用ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１人肝癌细胞,发现其作用因时间的长短而异,作用３０、６０、１２０ｍｉｎ分别增加细胞与纤连蛋白（Ｆｎ）粘附１８．８％、３８．７％和５６．６％,作用６、１２ｈ分别降低４４．０％、３７．４％,而不影响与多聚赖氨酸的粘附．使用足量的抗α５和／或抗β１单抗预先封闭细胞与Ｆｎ的结合点,再将细胞与Ｆｎ粘附,发现α５单抗单独使用可将ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞与Ｆｎ的粘附抑制２０％左右,β１单抗则抑制１４％,两者联合使用时可封闭４０％左右的粘附,提示该细胞表面存在除α５β１外的其它整合蛋白在介导着细胞与Ｆｎ的粘附．进一步应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ方法,分析整合蛋白基因表达,发现１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ抑制α５亚基转录,以３０ｍｉｎ最明显,抑制达８３．１％,作用６、１２ｈ抑制率仍为４６．６％、４３．６％．还就ＰＭＡ影响细胞粘附和整合蛋白基因表达的可能机理作了讨论．     

人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞化学发光反应的比较

研究人中性粒细胞化学发光(PMNCL)反应与淋巴细胞化学发光(LY—CL)反应的差别。结果表明,刀豆蛋白A、植物血凝素,葡萄球菌蛋白A和(?)理酵母多糖刺激后,PMN—CL纯峰值高于LY—CL 3—10倍,而(?)抗(?)IgG刺激后,LY—CL的峰值则稍高于OMN—CL。氧自由基清除剂作用于PMN—CL和LY—CL反应的结果表明,L—组氨酸均明显抑制PMN—CL和LY—CL反应;苯甲酸钠和甘露醇抑制LY—CL反应的抑制率(IR)明显高于PMN—CL;而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶抑制LY—CL的IR明显低于PMN—CL。结果提示,PMN—CL和LY—CL反应在CL形成的分子机制上并不完全相同。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.