布鲁菌104M∶Omp19过表达株的构建与免疫保护性评价

目的:利用表达载体p NSGro E2His构建104M∶Omp19过表达株,以增强现有布鲁菌疫苗104M株免疫保护效果。方法:以布鲁菌疫苗104M株基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增得到Omp19基因;将经过Bam HⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切的Omp19基因连接到经同样双酶切处理的p NSGro E2His载体上,构建Omp19-p NSGro E2His过表达质粒;将构建的过表达质粒转化布鲁菌104M株感受态细胞,利用氯霉素抗性筛选构建成功的104M∶Omp19过表达株;通过皮下免疫BALB/c小鼠,从激发的抗体水平、细胞因子水平以及对抗布鲁菌A19株攻毒后的保护作用等方面评价104M∶Omp19过表达株的免疫保护效力。结果:PCR及Western印迹验证表明获得了104M∶Omp19过表达突变株;免疫评价实验显示104M∶Omp19在抗体水平、细胞因子水平与攻毒保护性方面均优于104M,低剂量免疫即可达到较好的保护效果。结论:布鲁菌疫苗104M株过表达Omp19抗原后,免疫保护效果显著增强,可作为一种新的布鲁菌疫苗候选菌株进行后续研究。     

per基因突变对布鲁菌稳定性的影响

目的:构建过骨胺酸合成酶基因(per)敲除的布鲁菌,研究per基因对布鲁菌株稳定性的影响。方法:构建p MD19-T:kan敲除载体,电击转化至流产布鲁菌,体内同源重组敲除per基因,分析per基因敲除对布鲁菌遗传特征和稳定性的影响。结果:构建了per基因敲除的流产布鲁菌株,per缺失突变布鲁菌连续传代培养后,测序分析未发现回复突变,品红及硫堇培养鉴定符合布鲁菌特征。结论:布鲁菌基因组per基因的缺失突变不影响布鲁菌的遗传稳定性,为研制布鲁菌per基因减毒突变疫苗提供了依据。     

10株铜绿假单胞菌的全基因组序列分析

目的 了解不同分离来源铜绿假单胞菌的全基因组基本特征,以此分析基因组多态性及其遗传进化关系。方法 选择10株医源性和食源性来源的铜绿假单胞菌代表性菌株,应用Solexa高通量测序技术对其进行全基因组测序,以此进行多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST),比较各菌株基因组中携带的耐药基因、毒力基因及插入序列(insertion sequence, IS)元件,并通过比较基因组学分析方法拟合泛基因组和核心基因组积累曲线,筛选核心基因SNP构建系统发育分子进化树。结果 10株菌的基因组从6.3～7.0 Mbp大小不一,包含5 868～6 598个基因,平均G+C含量为67.1%;发现10个菌株各具不同的ST型。在这10个菌株的基因组中,共检测到75种耐药基因,包括抗β-内酰胺酶类、抗氨基糖苷类、抗氟喹诺酮类等;共发现188种毒力基因,不同来源菌株间无明显差异;各菌株之间IS元件种类和数量差异较大。分析发现,铜绿假单胞菌具有开放型泛基因组和稳定型核心基因组;10株菌可分为3个进化分支,且不同分离时间和来源无明显相关性。结论 本研究获得10株不同分离来源的铜绿假单胞菌的全基因组序列,初步证实食品及患者分离来源菌株基因组数据无明显相关性,为后续铜绿假单胞菌的分子流行病学和致病性机制研究提供数据参考。     

2019年肇庆市不同来源金黄色葡萄球菌分离株分子流行与耐药特征研究

目的了解2019年肇庆市不同来源金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,本文简称金葡菌)分子流行特征和耐药谱构成情况。方法对2019年分离自食品样、医院环境涂抹样和患者样中的117株金葡菌进行肠毒素基因聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测、抗生素敏感性试验及多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST),并对优势序列型(sequence type,ST)菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分析。结果 117株金葡菌中sea、seb毒力基因在不同来源的菌株间的携带情况存在差异,pvl毒力基因在不同耐药表型的菌株间携带情况也存在差异;肇庆市金葡菌耐药表型分为耐甲氧西林金葡菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)株和甲氧西林敏感金葡菌(methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, MSSA)株,MRSA株有4个优势耐药谱型,MSSA株则有3个优势耐药谱型。MSRA株耐药表型以多重耐药的MRSA株为主,且耐药情况严重;MLST分型、PFGE和ST型遗传进化分析显示,117株金葡菌可分为50个ST型,其中优势ST型有4个,分别为ST239、ST1891、ST3191和ST7,以患者分离株为主。4个优势ST型菌群间亲缘聚类距离较远,除ST7型菌群外,其他3个ST型菌株群中,不同来源的金葡菌间存在一定的亲缘关系。50个ST型可分为2个进化分支,其中有43个ST型在进化分支1上,7个ST型在进化分支2上,进化分支1与进化分支2间的菌株进化差异较大。结论肇庆市金葡菌毒力基因sea、seb在不同来源的菌株间携带情况存在差异,毒力基因pvl在不同耐药表型的菌株间携带情况也存在差异;耐药表型以多重耐药的MRSA株为主;肇庆市金葡菌流行4个优势ST型。不同来源间金葡菌存在相互散播的风险。肇庆市菌株主要位于进化分支1;防控部门应对不同来源和不同耐药表型的金葡菌制定相应的分级防控方案,并警惕不同来源的金葡菌相互散播的风险,防止高毒力强耐药的菌株引起本地区流行。同时注意ST1981型菌株,警惕该型菌株引起食源性疾病和院内感染的风险。     

伤寒沙门菌CT18和新疆XJ19体外培养条件下的蛋白质组差异分析

目的：分析我国新疆伤寒沙门菌分离株XJ19与全基因组测序的国际标准菌株CT18的蛋白表达差异,并推算基因差异。方法：运用二维蛋白电泳,对CT18和XJ19在体外培养基中的全菌蛋白进行分离,使用PDQuest软件找到其差异蛋白,进行质谱鉴定;对CT18差异蛋白编码基因设计引物,以XJ19DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,检测CT18差异蛋白编码基因在XJ19的存在情况。结果：菌株XJ19中存在53个特异蛋白点,鉴定出47个,但这些蛋白的编码基因在CT18中均存在,其中36个蛋白点在CT18的蛋白谱中不存在,11个蛋白在CT18中处于其他修饰状态;CT18中找到13个特异蛋白点,质谱鉴定出7个,其中6个所对应基因在XJ19中均能扩增出目的片段,但点C9蛋白的编码基因在XJ19中不存在。菌株XJ19中的多个差异蛋白参与磷酸戊糖途径的代谢及信号感应调控,此外超氧化物歧化酶、外膜蛋白OmpA呈现与CT18不同的修饰状态。结论：我们认为不同伤寒沙门菌分离株的遗传差异不仅仅是基因的有或无,还包括蛋白的不同表达和修饰所造成的不同调控机制和代谢的差异。     

4株霍乱弧菌非产毒株溶源性噬菌体pre-CTXΦ 的基因组结构分析

霍乱弧菌溶源性噬菌体CTXΦ携带霍乱毒素基因ctxAB,通过其结构基因gⅢ编码产生的PⅢ蛋白识别霍乱弧菌毒素共调菌毛(toxin co-regulated pilus, TCP)的主要结构亚单位TcpA,从而感染具有TCP的霍乱弧菌,使之成为产毒菌株。CTXΦ还有不携带ctxAB的前体pre-CTXΦ,根据CTXΦ基因组中调控基因rstR序列型不同,可分成不同的型别。在不同霍乱弧菌菌株的基因组中,已发现CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ基因组及其亚型的多种组合排列方式。研究该噬菌体家族的基因组多样性,能够分析其进化及在霍乱弧菌产毒株形成中的作用。本研究发现了4株O1和O139群霍乱弧菌非产毒株具有pre-CTXΦ基因组及多样的rstR序列型,进一步对pre-CTXΦ在4株菌株中的基因组特征进行了分析。利用第3代基因测序法(短读长测序技术和单分子长读长测序技术),获得了4株菌株的基因组序列。利用长读长测序和拼接分析,精确地获得了具有长片段重复序列结构的pre-CTXΦ基因组排列,明确了4株测序菌株中多样的pre-CTXΦ基因组排列。在非产毒株基因组菌株VC3193中发现了携带古典型pre-CTXΦ;还在菌株VC702的pre-CTXΦ基因组中首次发现了肺炎克雷白菌的转座子结构(Gen Bank序列号：SRIL00000000)。在这4株测序菌株中,受体TcpA以及pre-CTXΦ的PⅢ蛋白也具有明显差异的序列,有 TcpA和PⅢ新序列型,这提示了CTXΦ家族感染宿主菌的受体-配体相互识别的复杂对应关系。本研究丰富了对CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ家族基因组及其整合排列的多样化认识,也为分析该溶源性噬菌体在不同遗传特征霍乱弧菌菌株间的水平转移和促使新产毒克隆形成方面提供了更多的证据。     

抑制差减杂交克隆E1 Tor霍乱弧菌流行株与非流行株基因组差异片段及其分析

为了克隆与分析霍乱弧菌O1E1Tor流行株与非流行株两类菌株基因组差异片段 ,采用抑制差减杂交技术 (suppressionsubtractivehybridization ,SSH)分别以国内保留的流行株Wujiang 2及非流行株Js 32一株作为被检菌 ,另一株作为参考菌进行基因组差异研究 .在进行的差减杂交实验中 ,流行株Wujiang 2共检出 34个特异差异片段 ,经同源检索共代表 35个基因片段 ,其中包括许多重要的霍乱弧菌毒力相关基因如CTX遗传单元、TLC因子及可移动外来成分如霍乱弧菌整合子RVC序列及Tn10转位酶 .非流行株Js 32共检出 14个特异差异片段 ,经同源检索未能检出同源片段 ,可能代表新基因序列 .研究表明 ,霍乱弧菌流行株与非流行株基因组存在较多差异基因 ,表现在毒力、毒力相关基因、代谢以及其它噬菌体等可转移的基因成分     

微泡菌属菌株YPW1和YPW16多糖降解特性分析

【背景】海洋环境中分离到的微泡菌属菌株具有多糖降解能力,在环境中可以作为糖类代谢的重要执行者参与海洋碳循环过程。【目的】测定2株微泡菌属菌株的多糖降解活性,通过与微泡菌属其他菌株基因组比较分析2株菌的多糖降解基因特征。【方法】通过3,5-dinitrosalicylicacid(DNS)定糖法测定多糖降解活性,同时利用高通量测序技术对菌株基因组序列进行测定与组装,并与其他基因组注释结果进行比较分析。【结果】分离得到2株微泡菌属菌株YPW1和YPW16,二者均为潜在新种。结果表明,菌株YPW1能够降解琼胶、褐藻胶、果胶、几丁质、木聚糖、淀粉、普鲁兰等7种多糖,而菌株YPW16仅可降解淀粉和普鲁兰。基因组分析表明,YPW1具有上述7种多糖的降解酶基因,但菌株YPW16只具有淀粉酶与普鲁兰酶降解基因。相较于其他微泡菌属菌株,菌株YPW1多糖降解范围、多糖降解酶基因种类与丰度较高,但菌株YPW16多糖降解范围却较为狭窄。由此可知,多糖降解酶基因在微泡菌属基因组中的分布差异性较大。【结论】本研究为微泡菌属提供了2株潜在的新型菌株资源,为生物多糖降解提供了生化工具,也为研究微泡菌属菌株中多糖降解基...     

鼠衣原体毒力基因的筛选和基因差异型菌株的建立

【目的】探讨鼠衣原体(Chlamydia muridarum,Cm)标准株与减毒株全基因组序列中存在的差异,筛选毒力基因并建立不同基因型的单克隆菌株,为后续致病机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】将Cm标准株G0和减毒株G28以高通量测序法进行全基因组测序,通过全基因组序列比对分析并筛选潜在的毒力相关基因;经空斑形成实验(Plaque assay)在混合菌G0和G28中大量挑取空斑,以毒力靶基因的PCR测序鉴定从G0和G28中筛选含有不同毒力基因型的单克隆菌株。【结果】全基因测序结果显示Cm G0与G28的TC0412、TC0237和TC0668基因明显不同。通过挑取空斑初步筛选了111个空斑样品,通过3个毒力基因的PCR测序鉴定最终获得了G0和G28来源的56个单克隆菌株,并根据TC0412蛋白型分成B3、D1和E1三组,每组中含有TC0237和TC0668基因差异性菌株。【结论】Cm的致病能力可能与TC0412、TC0237和TC0668基因有关,筛选获得的单克隆菌株通过分组匹配后可用于后续的毒力基因功能研究。     

志贺氏菌属鲍氏(S. boydii)亚群基因组组成与进化分析

利用比较基因组杂交法(comparative genomic hybridization, CGH)对志贺氏菌属鲍氏(S. boydii)亚群共18个血清型代表菌株的基因组结构组成进行比较分析, 结果显示, 该亚群基因组的“共有骨架”包含2552个与非致病性大肠杆菌K12同源的ORFs. 比对K12基因组, 该亚群所有菌株基因组共同缺失ORFs为199个, 主要涉及外膜蛋白编码基因和O-抗原合成相关基因, 而属于亚群特异性的ORFs主要以噬菌体基因和未知功能ORFs为主, 一些参与铁离子代 谢、运输和Ⅱ型分泌系统基因在大多数的鲍氏菌株中存在. 以比较基因组杂交法得到的进化分析显示: 鲍氏亚群18个血清型代表菌株可分为4组, 其中13型与其他菌株有较大的差异. 这种分组结果与某些代谢相关的基因分布情况存在对应关系. 通过对该亚群“共有骨架”、缺失基因和株特异基因, 以及进化分类等方面的分析, 以期探索该亚群基因组的进化规律, 并为志贺氏菌属鲍氏亚群的致病机理、疫苗研制和药物开发等方面的研究提供重要线索.     

Parallel gene loss and acquisition among strains of different Brucella species and biovars

The genus Brucella is divided into six species; of these, B. melitensis and B. abortus are pathogenic to humans, and B. ovis and B. neotomae are nonpathogenic to humans. The definition of gene loss and acquisition is essential for understanding Brucella's ecology, evolutionary history, and host relationships. A DNA microarray containing unique genes of B. melitensis Type strain 16MT and B. abortus 9-941 was constructed and used to determine the gene contents of the representative strains of Brucella. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from sequences of housekeeping genes. Gene loss and acquisition of different Brucella species were inferred. A total of 214 genes were found to be differentially distributed, and 173 of them were clustered into 15 genomic islands (GIs). Evidence of horizontal gene transfer was observed for 10 GIs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 19 strains formed five clades, and some of the GIs had been lost or acquired independently among the different lineages. The derivation of Brucella lineages is concomitant with the parallel loss or acquisition of GIs, indicating a complex interaction between various Brucella species and hosts.     

流感嗜血杆菌的分型研究

目的分析同济医院分离的流感嗜血杆菌的生物学分型及荚膜基因分型,了解本地区分离的流感嗜血杆菌的主要流行株。方法2012年1月1日至2012年12月31日从华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院分离流感嗜血杆菌100株。根据脲酶、吲哚和鸟氨酸脱羧酶试验对流感嗜血杆菌进行传统的生物学分型,分为Ⅰ～Ⅷ八个生物型。回顾患者病史资料,分析生物学分型和流感嗜血杆菌所引起的疾病之间的关系。用流感嗜血杆菌荚膜编码基因（bexA）和a—f型特异性荚膜基因设计引物,采用PCR技术对流感嗜血杆菌进行荚膜基因检测。通过生物学分型和荚膜基因分型结果的比对,探讨两者之间的关联。结果分离的100株流感嗜血杆菌生物学分型结果如下：Ⅲ型6株,Ⅳ型28株,Ⅴ型1株,Ⅵ型54株,Ⅶ型11株。未分离到Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅷ型。分析患者的临床诊断,发现主要流行株Ⅵ型流感嗜血杆菌主要引起患者肺炎（包括支气管肺炎和新生儿肺炎）和支气管炎（包括毛细支气管炎和喘息性支气管炎）。荚膜基因分型结果显示,未分离到b型和b-型流感嗜血杆菌。共分离到1株f型,其余99株均为无荚膜抗原的不可分型流感嗜血杆菌。生物学分型和荚膜分型之间无明显的相关性。结论该院分离的流感嗜血杆菌主要为生物型Ⅵ型。回顾患者病史,发现Ⅵ型主要引起肺炎和支气管炎。荚膜基因分型显示,本地区分离的流感嗜血杆菌主要为不可分型流感嗜血杆菌。生物学分型和荚膜基因分型之间无明显相关性。     

DNA polymorphism in the omp25/omp31 family of Brucella spp.: identification of a 1.7-kb inversion in Brucella cetaceae and of a 15.1-kb genomic island, absent from Brucella ovis, related to the synthesis of smooth lipopolysaccharide

Five genes homologous to the well-known omp25 and omp31 genes, that code for two major Brucella spp. outer membrane proteins (OMPs), have been detected in the genome of Brucella melitensis 16M and Brucella suis 1330. In this work we have determined the nucleotide sequence of these five genes, named omp31b, omp25b, omp25c, omp25d and omp22, in the six classical Brucella species reference strains and in representative strains of the recently proposed species Brucella cetaceae and Brucella pinnipediae that classify the Brucella strains isolated in the last years from marine mammals. Although these genes are quite conserved in the genus Brucella, several important differences have been found between species (i) omp31b contains a premature stop codon in B. canis and B. ovis truncating the encoded protein; (ii) the 5' end of omp31b is deleted in the three biovars of B. melitensis which probably prevents synthesis of Omp31b in this species; (iii) only B. melitensis, B. suis and B. neotomae would be able to synthesize the Omp25b protein with the characteristics shared by the Omp25/Omp31 group of proteins (characteristic signal sequence and C-terminal phenylalanine); (iv) a DNA inversion of 1747 bp including omp25b was detected in B. cetaceae strains; (v) a DNA deletion of about 15 kb was detected in all the six B. ovis strains tested. This deletion in B. ovis includes, among other genes, omp25b and wboA, a gene that has been shown to be required for the synthesis of the O-polysaccharide chain of the Brucella spp. smooth lipopolysaccharide. Several features of the DNA region absent from B. ovis suggest that this DNA fragment is a genomic island acquired by the Brucella ancestor by horizontal transfer and later deleted from B. ovis. The DNA polymorphism we have found in this work within the genus Brucella might be involved in the differences in pathogenicity and host preference displayed by the Brucella species.     

Phospholipids of bacteria of Brucella genus

The phospholipid composition of 6 Brucella species (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis. B. canis, B. neotomae) and Australian mouse-derived strains of Brucella N 4, 11, 12 were studied. Comparison of phospholipid composition of Brucella cells with that of serologically related microorganisms revealed that all Brucella biotypes contain phosphatidyl-(N-methyl)ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine while Y. enterocolitica, Sh. disenteriae, E. coli cells do not contain these two substances. It is concluded that the specific phospholipid pattern of Brucella biotypes may be useful in typing of new Brucella strains.     

用MLVA技术和多重PCR对犬种布氏菌基因分型

目的：对犬种布氏菌的遗传关系进行不同分子分型方法的对比研究,为犬布病分子流行病溯源提供有效方法。方法：采用多重PCR和多位点可变数量串联重复序列分析（MLVA）方法对24株犬种布氏菌的遗传关系进行比较研究。结果：多重PCR只鉴定出1株犬种布氏菌,其余23株均鉴定为猪种鲁氏菌,但不能鉴定型别;MLVA方法对已鉴定为猪种的布氏菌仍可再细分为型,87%（20/23）为猪3型,13%（3/20）为猪1型。结论：MLVA可以对布氏菌种（生物型）进行基因分型鉴定,可以作为传统表型鉴定方法的补充。     

Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes

The Brucella abortus strain S19, a spontaneously attenuated strain, has been used as a vaccine strain in vaccination of cattle against brucellosis for six decades. Despite many studies, the physiological and molecular mechanisms causing the attenuation are not known. We have applied pyrosequencing technology together with conventional sequencing to rapidly and comprehensively determine the complete genome sequence of the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19. The main goal of this study is to identify candidate virulence genes by systematic comparative analysis of the attenuated strain with the published genome sequences of two virulent and closely related strains of B. abortus, 9-941 and 2308. The two S19 chromosomes are 2,122,487 and 1,161,449 bp in length. A total of 3062 genes were identified and annotated. Pairwise and reciprocal genome comparisons resulted in a total of 263 genes that were non-identical between the S19 genome and any of the two virulent strains. Amongst these, 45 genes were consistently different between the attenuated strain and the two virulent strains but were identical amongst the virulent strains, which included only two of the 236 genes that have been implicated as virulence factors in literature. The functional analyses of the differences have revealed a total of 24 genes that may be associated with the loss of virulence in S19. Of particular relevance are four genes with more than 60 bp consistent difference in S19 compared to both the virulent strains, which, in the virulent strains, encode an outer membrane protein and three proteins involved in erythritol uptake or metabolism.     

Evidence of horizontal gene transfer between human and animal commensal Escherichia coli strains identified by microarray

Bacteria exchange genetic material by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To evaluate the impact of HGT on Escherichia coli genome plasticity, 19 commensal strains collected from the intestinal floras of humans and animals were analyzed by microarrays. Strains were hybridized against an oligoarray containing 2700 E. coli K12 chromosomal genes. A core (genes shared among compared genomes) and a flexible gene pool (genes unique for each genome) have been identified. Analysis of hybridization signals evidenced 1015 divergent genes among the 19 strains and each strain showed a specific genomic variability pattern. Four hundred and fifty-eight genes were characterized by higher rates of interstrain variation and were considered hyperdivergent. These genes are not randomly distributed onto the chromosome but are clustered in precise regions. Hyperdivergent genes belong to the flexible gene pool and show a specific GC content, differing from that of the chromosome, indicating acquisition by HGT. Among these genes, those involved in defense mechanisms and cell motility as well as intracellular trafficking and secretion were far more represented than others. The observed genome plasticity contributes to the maintenance of genetic diversity and may therefore be a source of evolutionary adaptation and survival.     

Genotyping of human and porcine Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia intermedia, and Yersinia bercovieri strains from Switzerland by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis

In this study, 231 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, 25 strains of Y. intermedia, and 10 strains of Y. bercovieri from human and porcine sources (including reference strains) were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a whole-genome fingerprinting method for subtyping bacterial isolates. AFLP typing distinguished the different Yersinia species examined. Representatives of Y. enterocolitica biotypes 1A, 1B, 2, 3, and 4 belonged to biotype-related AFLP clusters and were clearly distinguished from each other. Y. enterocolitica biotypes 2, 3, and 4 appeared to be more closely related to each other (83% similarity) than to biotypes 1A (11%) and 1B (47%). Biotype 1A strains exhibited the greatest genetic heterogeneity of the biotypes studied. The biotype 1A genotypes were distributed among four major clusters, each containing strains from both human and porcine sources, confirming the zoonotic potential of this organism. The AFLP technique is a valuable genotypic method for identification and typing of Y. enterocolitica and other Yersinia spp.     

Type III secretion homologs are present in Brucella melitensis,B. ovis,and B. suis biovars 1, 2, and 3

Protein sequences from characterized type III secretion (TTS) systems were used as probes in silico to identify several TTS gene homologs in the genome sequence of Brucella suis biovar 1 strain 1330. Four of the genes, named flhB, fliP, fliR, and fliF on the basis of greatest homologies to known flagellar apparatus proteins, were targeted in PCR and hybridization assays to determine their distribution among other Brucella nomen species and biovars. The results indicated that flhB, fliP, fliR and fliF are present in Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis biovars 1, 2 and 3. Similar homologos have been reported previously in Brucella abortus. Using RT-PCR assays, we were unable to detect any expression of these genes. It is not yet known whether the genes are the cryptic remnants of a flagellar system or are actively involved in a process contributing to pathogenicity or previously undetected motility, but they are distributed widely in Brucella and merit further study to determine their role.     

人类巨细胞病毒UL133基因在临床低传代株中的多态性研究

人类巨细胞病毒在多次传代后,会表现出不同的毒力水平.与临床低传代株Toledo相比,实验室高传代株AD169缺失了19个开放阅读框(ORF).这19个基因被认为是与HCMV致病性最可能相关的一组基因,研究这些基因的多态性对揭示HCMV致病性的遗传基础具有指导意义.UL133基因是这19个ORF中的一个.以临床低传代株Toledo和Merlin为对照,分析了23个临床病毒株UL133基因的遗传多态性.序列分析表明,UL133基因具有一定的多态性,Toledo株、Merlin株与我们分离到的临床株一起可分为3个基因型:G1、G2和G3.G2、G3型毒株均能导致先天性感染.没有发现UL133基因型与患儿临床疾病的必然关联.