以报告基因分析霍乱弧菌噬菌体VP1的预测启动子

VP1为感染并裂解霍乱弧菌的噬菌体,全基因组为环状双链DNA。通过测定该基因组序列,预测出15个可能的启动子区,利用报告基因质粒转化及全噬菌体共感染的策略分析了这些推测启动子在霍乱弧菌中的活性,将预测的启动子区分别克隆到启动子探测lacZ融合质粒载体pRS1274,在转化于大肠埃希氏菌受体菌株JM109中时,所有克隆子均呈现兰斑。同时将质粒电击到缺失了lacZ基因的霍乱弧菌菌株7743△Z,然后用噬菌体VP1感染转化菌株。在转化成功的13个含预测启动子片段的重组质粒中,通过检测β_半乳糖苷酶活性表达随感染后时间的变化,提示P17为早期启动子,P2、P3、P9等为中期启动子,P18为晚期启动子。     

霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3蛋白的双向电泳分析

目的:噬菌体-生物分型方案具有区分霍乱弧菌潜在致病力的作用,VP3是5个霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体之一。对VP3成熟颗粒的蛋白组成进行测定和分析,以补充基因组注释信息。方法:在全基因组测序及生物信息学分析的基础上,利用双向电泳技术及质谱鉴定,对纯化的成熟VP3噬菌体的结构蛋白进行分离及鉴定。结果:双向电泳分离得到近20个蛋白点,质谱鉴定出了其中的10个,对应于4个VP3蛋白和4个霍乱弧菌蛋白。结论:VP3结构蛋白的组成和T7具有很高的相似性。与噬菌体颗粒一起被纯化分离的宿主蛋白可能在VP3的转染过程中起作用。     

霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列的测定与分析

测定和分析霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列,并为ElTor型霍乱弧菌两类菌株的分型方法原理提供研究基础。鸟枪法构建VP3噬菌体全基因组随机文库;测序拼接成最小重叠群,引物步移法填补缝隙序列,拼接后获得VP3全基因组序列。PCR随机扩增噬菌体DNA片段并酶切鉴定;预测可能存在的开放读码框(ORF);对VP3和相关噬菌体的DNA聚合酶基因作进化树分析,协助判定VP3的分类;对预测的部分启动子区利用报道基因进行活性分析。VP3全基因组为环状双链DNA,长度39504bp;酶切鉴定结果与序列一致。确定了49个ORF,注释了27个ORF的编码产物,其中有20个基因产物与T7样噬菌体同源,包括RNA聚合酶(RNAP)、参与DNA复制的蛋白、衣壳蛋白、尾管及尾丝蛋白、DNA包装蛋白等。DNA聚合酶(DNAP)进化树分析表明VP3与T7样噬菌体有同源性。将预测的10个启动子序列克隆到lacZ融合质粒pRS1274上,经检测均具有启动子活性。测定和分析VP3的基因组序列,基因组结构与进化树分析提示VP3属于T7噬菌体家族。     

RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子的结构与功能

ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ (ｐｏｌⅢ )是真核生物催化合成ｔＲＮＡ和 5ＳｒＲＮＡ及一些核小ＲＮＡ和胞质ＲＮＡ必需的酶。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ能够识别ｔＲＮＡ基因中一些高度保守的特征性ＤＮＡ序列而启动下游ＤＮＡ的转录 ,这些序列称为ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子不仅广泛存在于真核细胞中ｔＲＮＡ、Ｕ6核小ＲＮＡ(ＳＮＲ6 )等的基因中 ,也是病毒催化合成一些小片段ＲＮＡ如腺病毒ＶＡＲＮＡ所必需的。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子因其能在体内外高效快速地转录某些小片段基因 ,已被人们广泛地应用于核酶和反义ＲＮＡ技术中 ,在众多的ＲＮＡ…     

霍乱弧菌噬菌体VP2基因组序列的测定与分析

测定并分析了霍乱弧菌噬菌体VP2基因组序列,为VP2生物学特性和功能研究提供分子遗传学基础。为此构建了VP2DNA随机文库,鸟枪法(shot-gun)测定其全基因组序列。测序结果用软件Phrad-Prap拼接成最小重叠群(contig),引物步移法测定contigs问的缝隙(gap)序列,拼接后获得VP2全基因组序列。利用生物信息学技术分析’VP2基因组,最后对VP2和相关噬菌体做DNA聚合酶(DNA pol)基因的进化树分析。结果：VP2属短尾噬菌体科,基因组全长39853bp,为环状双链DNA,G C含量为50．56％,较高于霍乱弧菌测序菌株N16961基因组G C含量;VP2的基因组有碱基使用偏性;预测和注释了45个开放读码框(ORF),分析了DNA复制基因、衣壳蛋白和DNA包装基因、侵染相关基因。DNA pol进化树比较结果,VP2与链球菌噬菌体Cp-1和芽孢杆菌噬菌体GA-1分为一群。根据对VP2基因组序列的测定和分析预测了VP2的ORF,并分析了其中的功能基因,推测VP2在进化关系上属于噬菌体phi29样噬菌体。     

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子调控RNA 干扰在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景

RNA干扰是双链RNA介导的特异性转录后基因表达沉默现象.由于双链小干扰RNA介导的RNA干扰技术设计简便、作用迅速、效果明显,目前已被广泛应用于基因功能和重大疾病治疗的研究,尤其为肿瘤治疗提供了一条新途径.利用RNA干扰技术通过调节肿瘤发生发展相关基因的表达可制定出一系列有效的抗癌策略.然而在现行大多数策略中往往采用不可调控的RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子(H1,U6)表达经典的发夹结构RNA,经由Dicer酶切割成功能性siRNA,因此缺乏组织细胞靶向性和抗癌效率.最新研究表明,采用RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子可弥补由RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子调控RNA干扰缺陷和不足.此外,运用病毒载体特别是具有靶向和溶瘤效应的肿瘤特异性复制腺病毒,介导RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子调控表达siRNA有望成为更有效的治疗手段.     

非完全互补shRNA对RNA聚合酶II启动子调控的RNAi的影响

RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种转录后基因沉默技术,可有效诱导序列特异性基因沉默．由RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子调控表达的小发卡RNA可有效介导RNAi效应,为组织特异性基因沉默提供了一条新的途径．但是,由RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子调控表达的小发卡RNA（shRNA）在序列上与靶基因非完全互补对RNAi效应的影响鲜有报道．本文初步探索RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子调控表达的shRNA碱基发生突变或缺失对RNAi效应的影响．研究表明,靶向hTERT mRNA的碱基突变shRNA显著降低RNAi效应,而靶向GFP mRNA的碱基缺失shRNA对RNAi效应没有显著影响．本研究为非完全互补shRNA对RNAi效应的进一步深入研究提供了理论与实验依据．     

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子近端暂停/释放的动态调控及生理作用研究进展

基因表达的精确时空调控对生物体的发育和生存至关重要。在多数后生动物中,RNA聚合酶Ⅱ（RNA polymeraseⅡ,RNAPⅡ）在发育和应激反应相关基因的启动子近端区域暂停,一旦受到环境或发育信号的刺激,RNAPⅡ从启动子近端向基因体（gene body）释放,进行有效延伸。RNAPⅡ在基因转录起始位点下游近端区域的暂停/释放是基因转录过程的必要环节,也是基因表达调控的关键步骤,与基因表达时空调控及多种人类疾病密切相关。综述了参与RNAPⅡ启动子近端暂停的维持和释放的调控机制的研究进展,重点探讨了其在机体发育的重要调控作用及其与其他基因调控机制的联系,并展望了RNAPⅡ启动子近端暂停与释放研究中的潜在问题和未来研究方向,以期为进一步解析RNAPⅡ启动子近端暂停与释放的调控机制及其在发育中的作用提供线索。     

原子力显微镜力谱研究大肠杆菌启动子与RNA聚合酶的相互作用

【目的】本研究通过原子力显微镜(AFM)力谱技术研究了大肠杆菌启动子与RNA聚合酶(RNAp)间的相互作用,目的是建立一种高效的体外表征启动子的新方法。【方法】优化了用于单分子AFM力谱分析的蛋白固定化策略,建立AFM力谱分析启动子的策略,以缺失识别启动子序列的σ亚基核心RNA聚合酶(RNAp-C)为对照,研究启动子/RNAp间相互作用的特异性。最后比较了序列较典型的Ls1启动子和缺失–10区的Ls2启动子的力谱。【结果】基于建立的方法,验证了Ls1与大肠杆菌RNAp结合的特异性,其相互作用力为(331.10±5.10)p N。与Ls1相比,Ls2启动子与RNAp结合显著减少。利用启动子探针质粒,以报告基因cat的表达产物氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)的酶活验证Ls1、Ls2启动子强度,分别为(181.70±4.10)、(0.30±0.20)U/mg。【结论】本研究建立的基于AFM力谱技术的启动子分析技术,是一种高效的、直接定量表征启动子活性的新方法。     

Filamentous Phage fs1 of Vibrio cholerae O139

Filamentous phage, fs1, was obtained from Vibrio cholerae O139. The lysogenized strains produced a large amount of fs1 phage in the culture supernatant. This phage was previously reported as novel fimbriae of that organism. The genome of the phage was a 6.5 kb single-stranded DNA. The capsid of fs1 consists of a small molecule peptide (about 2.5 kDa).     

Mobilization of the Vibrio pathogenicity island between Vibrio cholerae isolates mediated by CP-T1 generalized transduction

Pathogenicity islands are large chromosomal regions encoding virulence genes that were acquired by horizontal gene transfer and are found in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates the receptor for the cholera toxin encoding filamentous phage CTXphi, the toxin-coregulated pilus, is part of the Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). In this paper, we show that the VPI can be transferred between O1 serogroup strains, the predominant cause of epidemic cholera, via a generalized transducing phage CP-T1.     

Vibrio cholerae O139 produces a protease which is indistinguishable from the haemagglutinin/protease of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1

Abstract Haemaglutinin/protease (HA/P) is one of the virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae O1 and pathogenic strains of V. cholerae non-O1. In this study, we examined protease activity of a new serogroup of Vibrio cholerae recently designated as O139 synonym Bengal. The protease activity was produced by all eight isolates of V. cholerae O139 from Bangladeshi patients. Purification and partial characterization of the protease from V. cholerae O139 demonstrated the purified protease (O139-P) was indistinguishable from that previously reported for HA/P of V. cholerae non-O1 (NAG-HA/P) and V. cholerae O1 (Vc-HA/P). These results prove that V. cholerae O139 produces a protease belonging to solHA/P, and suggest that the protease is another virulence factor found in newly emerged V. cholerae O139, as in V. cholerae O1.     

Morphological Features of a Filamentous Phage of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal

A filamentous phage was isolated from carrier strain AI-1841 of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal and thus was termed fs phage. The phage was measured to be approximately 1 μm in length and 6 nm in width. One end of the phage was slightly tapered and had a fibrous appendage. The plaques developed on strain AI-4450 of V. cholerae O139 were small and turbid. The phage grew in strain AI-4450 and reached a size of 10⁸ to 10⁹ pfu/ml at 5 hr after infection without inducing any lysis of the host bacteria. The group of phages attached on rod-shaped materials like fimbriae of this bacteria, with their fibrous appendages at the pointed end, were often found in the phage-infected culture. The anti-fimbrial serum effectively inhibited the infection of fs phage to the host strain AI-4450. We thus concluded that the phage can be adsorbed on fimbriae with a fibrous appendage on the pointed end of the phage filament.     

Analysis of some factors involved in the virulence mechanism of Vibrio cholerae non-01

Abstract A study was carried out to evaluate the potential intestinal toxicity of 188 samples of Vibrio cholerae non-01 isolated from seawater found along the beaches of Rio de Janeiro city. Three different assays were carried out involving: (a) detection of vascular permeability factor (PF) in guinea pigs (together with assessment of two culture media for production of the toxin); (b) intestinal fluid accumulation (FA) in suckling mice; and (c) detection of haemolysin. The results demonstrated that both culture media gave a similar level of performance. In the animal assays, 43% of the samples induced PF in guinea pigs, 28.7% caused intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice, and 63.28% contained haemolysin. Only 4.25% of the samples gave positive results in all three tests.     

The effect on enterotoxicity of protease purified from Vibrio cholerae O1

Abstract The effect on enterotoxicity of protease purified from Vibrio cholerae O1 was investigated by the inoculation of live vibrio cells into the protease-treated loops of the ileal loop model. Fluid accumulation ratios in the protease-treated loops were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by challenge with live vibrio cells byt not that with toxin. An enhancement effect of protease on enterotoxicity was observed in both serotypes of V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1. It is suggested, therefore, that the enterotoxicity was enhanced by treatment with protease when live vibrio cells were inoculated into the ileal loops of rabbits.