免疫性损伤小鼠肝脏的基因表达谱变化

采用卡介苗和脂多糖联合诱导的方法建立小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型, 分别提取正常对照组与免疫性肝损伤组小鼠的肝脏总RNA, 经反转录用Cy3-dUTP和Cy5-dUTP分别标记制备对照组与模型组来源的cDNA探针, 并将cDNA探针与小鼠基因表达谱芯片杂交, 杂交结果经芯片扫描仪扫描并用相关软件进行分析. 结果表明, 与对照组相比, 免疫性肝损伤组有293条基因发生了差异表达, 其中188条基因表达量明显上调, 另外105条基因表达量明显下调. 通过对一些关键差异表达基因的生物学功能分析表明, 卡介苗与脂多糖联合诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的发生、发展过程与肝细胞的免疫反应、细胞合成与代谢、细胞凋亡及转运等过程密切相关, 这对进一步阐明免疫性肝损伤高度相关的基因表达调控网络, 进而阐明免疫性肝损伤的病理机制具有十分重要的作用.     

免疫刺激复合物疫苗制备及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

确定了免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM)疫苗的安全有效剂量及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。选取体重25 g左右的昆明小白鼠60只,分为12组,每组5只,腹腔分别注射不同剂量(5-200μg)的ISCOM疫苗,观察小鼠健康状态。选取体重28 g左右的昆明小白鼠60只,分为4组,分别在腹腔注射相同剂量的灭菌生理盐水,Lipase+生理盐水,空ISCOM,Lipase+ISCOM疫苗,利用间接ELISA检测血清中特异性抗体效价。结果表明,当注射剂量为5-25μg/只时,小鼠无任何异常症状。免疫后8 d,小鼠血清特异性抗体效价(log2)可以达到10.5,显著高于对照组。因此,ISCOM疫苗能有效引起小鼠的免疫反应。     

泌乳期奶牛乳腺基因表达谱研究

从青春期到泌乳期以至干乳期,奶牛乳腺经历复杂的生物学功能和代谢水平的变化.通过基因芯片分析奶牛乳腺的基因表达谱,通过泌乳旺盛的泌乳期与不泌乳的青春期和干乳期相比较,共筛选出122个差异表达的基因,其中包括79个泌乳期上调基因和43个泌乳期下调基因.GO分析表明,在泌乳期奶牛乳腺中上调的基因主要与物质转运、生物合成、信号转导、催化活性、免疫防御、细胞凋亡以及促进发育相关.这些数据提示了奶牛乳腺泌乳期所发生的分子事件.     

小鼠细胞因子相关基因表达检测寡核苷酸芯片的制备及分析

生物芯片技术用于基因表达谱研究是近年来发展起来的一项新技术 ,该方法本质上是基于对一玻璃片或膜表面上固定的ｃＤＮＡ或寡核苷酸的分子杂交 ,这一新技术可同时测定成千上万个基因的作用方式 ,几周获得的信息用其它方法可能要几年才能得到 ,是以定量方式同时监测大量基因相对表达的强有力的新方法[1 ,2 ] 。国内外目前主要采用ｃＤＮＡ芯片进行基因表达的检测 ,芯片制备所用的ＤＮＡ探针一般为已知基因ｃＤＮＡ克隆的ＰＣＲ扩增产物或ＥＳＴ的扩增产物[3～ 8] 。对基因的表达检测来说 ,ｃＤＮＡ芯片技术是一条非常适用的检测方法 ,但在有…     

外源RNA对小鼠白蛋白基因表达及DNaseI敏感性的影响

兔肝RAN诱导培养的小鼠成纤维细胞,大鼠肝RNA注射入小鼠前列腺,用免疫组织化学染色检测外源RNA对小鼠白蛋白基因表达的影响;不同RNA诱导培养的小鼠成纤维细胞,提取细胞核,DNaseI消化,PCR法扩增小鼠白蛋白基因,检测白蛋白基因消化情况。发现外源RNA可促进小鼠白蛋白基因表达并增加该基因DNaseI敏感性。     

神经生长因子对正常和放射线-化学复合损伤小鼠造血调节因子及其受体影响研究

目的 探究神经生长因子(NGF)对正常和放射线-化学复合损伤小鼠造血调节因子及其受体的影响.方法 用实时荧光定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附检测注射NGF后正常和经60Coγ射线照射+腹腔注射环磷酰胺(放射线-化学复合损伤,放-化复合损伤)小鼠肾脏红细胞生成素(Epo)、脾脏红细胞生成素受体(EpoR)、骨髓细胞粒-巨噬系集落刺激因子(GM-CSF) mRNA表达量和血清Epo、GM-CSF、白细胞介素-3(IL-3)浓度变化.结果 注射NGF后正常小鼠脾脏EpoR mRNA表达、放-化复合损伤小鼠血清GM-CSF、IL-3显著高于注射生理盐水的对照组.结论 NGF可以改变小鼠的造血调节因子及其受体水平,但对正常和放-化复合损伤机体,其作用各不相同.     

重组人apoE基因表达活性和转基因小鼠研究

人apoE基因组DNA,去除其自身启动子,代之以小鼠金属硫蛋白启动子,重组质粒经脂质体介导转入小鼠NIH／3T3细胞后,以人apoE基因组DNA／EcoRⅠ片段为探针检测mRNA表达,可见apoEmRNA杂交信号很强,经重金属诱导后杂交信号更强,表明MT启动子功能良好,pME表达正常．将人apoE基因组DNA用显微注射法导入小鼠受精卵雄性原核,再将胚胎移植入假孕母鼠输卵管内,仔鼠分娩四周后,自鼠尾提取DNA,鉴定人apoEDNA在小鼠染色体上的整合,最终得到有人apoE基因整合的转基因首建鼠．     

转基因小鼠乳腺表达G-CSF的研究

用PCR法从正常中国人脐带血提取总DNA作为模板,扩增出1.5 kb的人G-CSF基因组基因。序列分析证实其正确性。将其插入小鼠乳清酸蛋白(WAP)基因的起始密码子ATG前的KpnⅠ位点,使其受控于2.6kb的WAP调控序列,构建成乳腺表达载体pWGG。回收经EcoRⅠ酶切后的8.7kb片段用于显微注射。共注射1200枚受精卵,移植34受体母鼠,产仔鼠85只。经PCR检测和DNA印迹分析,证实获得两只整合有人G-CSF基因的雄性鼠,整合率为2.37％。建立的转基因鼠系表明,采用ELASA方法对F1代雌鼠乳汁检测,成功地表达出人G-CSF。表达量为120～250ng/ml。这一结果表明转基因的表达具有乳腺特异性。这为在大动物中实施转基因提供了依据。     

转基因小鼠乳腺表达人瘦蛋白的研究

利用转基因动物乳腺生产药用蛋白质是近年来研究的热点,在这方面已有不少成功的例子,展现出良好的应用前景[1,2].本研究选择人瘦蛋白基因作为目标基因是因为其表达产物瘦蛋白能对人体内脂肪的蓄积和能量消耗进行有效的反馈调控,美国科学家已将用E.coli表达的人瘦蛋白用于人肥胖症的治疗并取得了良好的治疗效果[3],但尚未见到利用转基因动物乳腺表达这种蛋白质的研究报道.     

小鼠乳腺发育的转录组学研究——怀孕哺乳周期乳腺的关键调控基因

乳腺是哺乳动物特有的器官,90%的发育过程集中在出生之后.此外,在生殖过程中乳腺发育会经历怀孕、哺乳和退化3个阶段(称为怀孕哺乳周期).为了在转录组水平上更好地了解乳腺发育的机制,利用核糖体RNA去除法构建了小鼠乳腺3个时期(怀孕12天、哺乳14天和退化7天)的总RNA文库,每个文库产出的数据量均大于5×107条reads.3个文库分别得到17344,10160和13739个蛋白编码基因以及1803,828和1288个ncRNAs.其中,从怀孕期到哺乳期有4843个差异表达基因(包括749个上调表达的基因和4094个下调表达的基因);从哺乳期到退化期共有4926个差异表达基因(包括4706个上调表达和220个下调表达的基因).此外,还观察到与溶酶体酶相关的基因在哺乳期乳腺中有较高的表达.通过对转录因子及ncRNAs的分析,还得到一些可能在乳腺发育的不同时期有重要调控作用的调控因子基因(如转录因子基因Trps1,Gtf2i,Tcf7l2,Nupr1,Vdr,Rb1和Aebp1;miRNA基因mir-125b,Let-7,mir-146a和mir-15等).     

组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)转基因鼠的建立

用羊β－乳球蛋白基因（ＢＬＧ）５区５×１０３ｂ（１０３ｂ,旧称ｋｂ）为调控序列,构建了乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ的转基因小鼠,整合率为３２％．这为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

人G—CSF基因组基因的克隆及其在转基因小鼠乳腺表达的研究

采用ＰＣＲ方法以正常中国人脐带血提取总ＤＮＡ为模板,扩增出１．５Ｋｂ的粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）基因组基因,序列分析证实其正确性,将其插入小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因的起支密码子ＡＴＧ臆的ＫｐｎＩ位点,使其受控于２．６ｋｂ的ＷＡＰ调控序列,从而构建乳腺表达载体ｐＷＧＧ。回收经ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切后的８．７ｋｂ片段用于显微注射,共注射１２００枚受精卵,移植至受体３４母鼠,产生仔鼠８５只,经ＰＣＲ检测     

RT-PCR测定组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)在转基因鼠乳腺表达的研究

利用所构建的乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＰ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ转基因小鼠．为了精确研究转基因在小鼠体内的表达,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＰ方法测定转基因鼠在泌乳期１～２０ｄＬａ－ｔＰＡ基因的转录,结果表明,在转基因鼠乳腺的Ｌａ－ｔＰＡｍＲＮＡ水平在１０～１５ｄ最高,在２０ｄ时降为最低．外源基因在转基因小鼠乳腺的表达规律研究为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β－乳球蛋白基因（BLG）作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工龄,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,以PCR和Southern-Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG－tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汗中检测到tPA r itd ntg ,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合的小鼠基因组中的牛BLG－tPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

乳腺生物反应器表达载体的检测方法

乳腺生物反应器研究和开发的周期长 ,成本大 ,风险高 ,在生产转基因动物之前有必要对乳腺特异性表达载体构建的合理性和有效性进行检测。综述了国内外载体检测研究的进展 ,以及这些检测方法在转基因小鼠、动物乳腺内表达法和细胞培养中的应用     

乳腺生物反应器特异高效表达载体的构建

乳腺生物反应器具有广阔的开发前景,而提高目的基因的表达量是该领域一个重要的研究课题。因此,选用强的非特异性启动子pCAG,而不是乳腺特异性启动子来实现高效表达;通过Cre/loxP系统和山羊β-乳球蛋白启动区（pBLG）表达Cre重组酶来实现载体的自删除以达到乳腺特异表达的目的。方法：构建含PolyA终止信号的Cre乳腺特异表达元件PolyA-pBLG-cre,插至强启动子pCAG驱动的报告基因lacZ表达载体中,构建成乳腺特异表达载体pCBCZ（pCAG-loxP-PolyA-pBLG-cre-loxP-lacZ）。转染细胞实验结果：PCR鉴定确认pCBCZ载体在小鼠乳腺上皮细胞（HC11）中发生Cre-loxP同源重组。X-Gal染色表明载体能驱动lacZ在HC11细胞中高效表达β-半乳糖苷酶,而在NIH 3T3细胞中仅少量表达。结论：构建的pCBCZ载体能高效驱动外源基因在乳腺细胞中表达,且具有较好的乳腺特异性,为研发乳腺生物反应器表达载体提供新的方法。     

Differential Glycosylation of rhLf Expressed in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice

Differential glycosylation of natural hLf and rhLf from hLf-transgenic mice, which harbored a 146 Kb BAC insert that includes the intact hLf gene sequence, was studied in the present report. There were significant differences between the immunoblotting results of rhLf and natural hLf, which were denatured with nonreducing SDS sample buffer. The differences disappeared after rhLf and natural hLf samples were digested with N-glycosidase F, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the glycosylation of natural hLf and rhLf that were purified, respectively, from milk samples of seven hLf-transgenic mouse lines.     

Expression of Human NSAID Activated Gene 1 in Mice Leads to Altered Mammary Gland Differentiation and Impaired Lactation

Transgenic mice expressing human non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene 1 (NAG-1) have less adipose tissue, improved insulin sensitivity, lower insulin levels and are resistant to dietary induced obesity. The hNAG-1 expressing mice are more metabolically active with a higher energy expenditure. This study investigates female reproduction in the hNAG-1 transgenic mice and finds the female mice are fertile but have reduced pup survival after birth. Examination of the mammary glands in these mice suggests that hNAG-1 expressing mice have altered mammary epithelial development during pregnancy, including reduced occupancy of the fat pad and increased apoptosis via TUNEL positive cells on lactation day 2. Pups nursing from hNAG-1 expressing dams have reduced milk spots compared to pups nursing from WT dams. When CD-1 pups were cross-fostered with hNAG-1 or WT dams; reduced milk volume was observed in pups nursing from hNAG-1 dams compared to pups nursing from WT dams in a lactation challenge study. Milk was isolated from WT and hNAG-1 dams, and the milk was found to have secreted NAG-1 protein (approximately 25 ng/mL) from hNAG-1 dams. The WT dams had no detectable hNAG-1 in the milk. A decrease in non-esterified free fatty acids in the milk of hNAG-1 dams was observed. Altered milk composition suggests that the pups were receiving inadequate nutrients during perinatal development. To examine this hypothesis serum was isolated from pups and clinical chemistry points were measured. Male and female pups nursing from hNAG-1 dams had reduced serum triglyceride concentrations. Microarray analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism are differentially expressed in hNAG-1 mammary glands. Furthermore, the expression of Cidea/CIDEA that has been shown to regulate milk lipid secretion in the mammary gland was reduced in hNAG-1 mammary glands. This study suggests that expression of hNAG-1 in mice leads to impaired lactation and reduces pup survival due to altered milk quality and quantity.     

Pleiotrophin (PTN) Expression and Function and in the Mouse Mammary Gland and Mammary Epithelial Cells

Expression of the heparin-binding growth factor, pleiotrophin (PTN) in the mammary gland has been reported but its function during mammary gland development is not known. We examined the expression of PTN and its receptor ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) at various stages of mouse mammary gland development and found that their expression in epithelial cells is regulated in parallel during pregnancy. A 30-fold downregulation of PTN mRNA expression was observed during mid-pregnancy when the mammary gland undergoes lobular-alveolar differentiation. After weaning of pups, PTN expression was restored although baseline expression of PTN was reduced significantly in mammary glands of mice that had undergone multiple pregnancies. We found PTN expressed in epithelial cells of the mammary gland and thus used a monoclonal anti-PTN blocking antibody to elucidate its function in cultured mammary epithelial cells (MECs) as well as during gland development. Real-time impedance monitoring of MECs growth, migration and invasion during anti-PTN blocking antibody treatment showed that MECs motility and invasion but not proliferation depend on the activity of endogenous PTN. Increased number of mammospheres with laminin deposition after anti-PTN blocking antibody treatment of MECs in 3D culture and expression of progenitor markers suggest that the endogenously expressed PTN inhibits the expansion and differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells by disrupting cell-matrix adhesion. In vivo, PTN activity was found to inhibit ductal outgrowth and branching via the inhibition of phospho ERK1/2 signaling in the mammary epithelial cells. We conclude that PTN delays the maturation of the mammary gland by maintaining mammary epithelial cells in a progenitor phenotype and by inhibiting their differentiation during mammary gland development.