E1A基因转导抑制小鼠血管内皮细胞的激活

延缓性排斥反应 (delayedxenograftrejection ,DXR)是进行异种器官移植亟待解决的问题之一 .在DXR过程中 ,核心事件之一是核转录因子NF κB的激活 .人腺病毒 5 (Ad5 )的早期转录产物E1A蛋白可抑制以NF κB为核心的信号转导系统 .利用转基因技术向小鼠的受精卵导入了E1A基因 ,PCR和Southern印迹检测了 4 4只仔鼠 ,其中有 8只整合了E1A基因 .RT PCR检测发现 ,3只小鼠F1代的心、肝、肾等脏器都有E1AmRNA的表达 ,小鼠表型正常 .通过尾静脉向转基因阳性小鼠体内注射人灭活血清 ,模拟DXR发生的生理过程并用免疫荧光检测脏器细胞表面炎症分子E 选择素的表达水平 .结果表明 ,E1A基因的转导显著抑制了小鼠脏器细胞表面E 选择素的表达 ,为解决DXR的发生提供了可行的途径     

川芎嗪对平滑肌细胞NF-κB激活、骨形成蛋白-2表达的影响

目的　观察川芎嗪对血管平滑肌细胞核转录因子 kappaB (NuclearFactor kappaB ,NF κB)的激活与骨形成蛋白 - 2 (bonemorphogenicprotein 2 ,BMP 2 )表达的影响。方法　贴块法培养血管平滑肌细胞 ,分为正常对照组 ,血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngiotensinⅡ ,AgⅡ )刺激组和川芎干预组。各取 15、 30、 6 0min测NF κB激活情况 ,6、 12、 2 4h测BMP 2表达变化。采用免疫组化及原位杂交法测蛋白表达和mRNA转录水平。结果　 (1)AgⅡ刺激 15min即有NF κBp6 5核转移 ,30min达高峰 (P <0 0 1) ,1h后减退。川芎干预组NF κB激活与正常组无差异。 (2 )AgⅡ刺激 6hBMP 2表达增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12h减弱 (P <0 0 1) ,2 4h更弱。川芎干预组 6hBMP 2表达亦增强 ,12h与 2 4h保持正常水平。结论　川芎嗪抑制AgⅡ诱导的NF κB激活与BMP 2表达降低 ,表明它在抗动脉粥样硬化方面意义重大。     

核因子-κB的激活参与施万细胞的髓鞘形成过程

许旺细胞 (Schwanncells)在外周神经元信号支配下参与其轴突髓鞘形成 ,此过程机制尚不明。美国Vanderbilt大学的BruceD .Carter等最近用多种方法证实 :在施万细胞形成髓鞘的过程中 ,核因子 κB(NF κB)起决定性作用。他们在大鼠髂神经元体外培养中发现 ,髓鞘形成特异性相关基因Oct 6和Krox 2 0的表达受NF κB的调控。Oct 6和Krox 2 0的基因产物分别是具有POU结构域和锌指结构域的转录因子 ,髓磷脂碱性蛋白(myelinbasicprotein ,MBP)是它们的靶基因。Oct 6在髓鞘形成的起始阶段 ,即胚胎期 16天开始表达 ,至出生后 15天消失 ,而此…     

抗氧化剂对牛主动脉内皮细胞NF-κB激活的抑制作用

利用Western印迹法考查了过氧化氢和肿瘤坏死因子诱导的IκB α蛋白质降解 ,结果表明这两种物质能在相近的作用时间内诱导牛主动脉内皮细胞发生IκB α蛋白质降解 ,但是其作用强度有明显差异。结合免疫荧光染色技术检查NF κB的激活即核转位情况 ,考查了不同抗氧化剂对体外培养的牛主动脉血管内皮细胞转录因子NF κB激活现象的影响。结果表明吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯 (PDTC)能够明显抑制肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)诱导的IκB α蛋白质降解以及NF κB的核转位 ,供试的其他一些抗氧化剂也不同程度地抑制了TNF α诱导的IκB α蛋白质降解。     

GCG干预LMP1激活的NF-κB信号转导通路中的靶分子

为阐明在鼻咽癌 (nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)细胞中茶多酚干预EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白 1(latentmembraneprotein 1,LMP1)激活的NF κB信号转导通路中的靶分子 ,采用EBV阴性及阳性的鼻咽癌细胞系CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞 ,利用噻唑蓝 (MTT)法 ,观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (EGCG)对CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞生存率的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对NF κB活性的作用 .利用间接免疫荧光法 ,观察EGCG对NF κB (p6 5 )核移位的影响 ,再分别提取CNE1和CNE1 LMP1的胞浆及胞核蛋白 ,通过蛋白质印迹分析EGCG抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位后胞浆及胞核蛋白中NF κB (p6 5 )的变化 .采用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对IκBα的磷酸化水平的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对EGFR启动子活性的影响 ,并用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对EGFR自身磷酸化的作用 .结果表明EGCG对鼻咽癌细胞的抑制作用有剂量依赖性 ,并可抑制NF κB的活性 .EGCG能抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位 ,并抑制IκBα的磷酸化 .EGCG对NF κB信号通路下游的靶基因EGFR的启动子活性及自身磷酸化都有抑制作用 .由上述结果可以推断 ,EGCG对信号转导通路上的NF κB、NF κB (p6 5 )、IκBα、EGFR多个靶点分子具有干预作用 .LMP1是EB病毒编码的蛋白质 ,因此 ,EGCG抑制     

外源性端粒酶基因对人脐静脉内皮细胞的影响

为了观察外源性端粒酶逆转录酶基因(hTERT)在人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)的表达及对细胞功能和生长的影响。采用逆转录病毒载体转导的方法,将hTERT基因转入HUVEC,检测基因转导后内皮细胞端粒酶的活性和生物学特性。结果发现hTERT转导后细胞端粒酶表达阳性,未转导的亲代细胞为阴性;转导细胞的体外生存时间延长但未永生化,而内皮细胞黏附分子表达的功能未受影响。     

NF-κB结合位点在LPS诱导人TNF-α基因转录中的调节作用

为探讨人TNF α基因启动子区域NF κB结合位点对LPS诱导性基因表达的调节作用 ,将构建的含人TNF α基因启动子区域及其不同缺失片段的pGL2萤光素酶报道基因重组体 ,体外转染HL 60细胞 ,观察LPS刺激对TNF基因启动子指导萤光素酶表达的影响 .发现TNF α基因启动子区域的 3个NF κB结合位点的存在是该基因最大组成性表达和LPS诱导性表达所必需 ;将这 3个位点缺失可完全阻断报道基因的LPS诱导性表达 ,并使其组成性表达明显受到抑制 (P <0 .0 0 1) .缺失κB1和κB2位点 ,使基因组成性表达与LPS诱导性表达均减少约 50 % (P <0 .0 1) ,但诱导倍数则与非突变体相近 ;反之 ,用κB3反义寡核苷酸封闭κB3位点 ,保留κB1和κB2功能 ,使LPS诱导性基因表达抑制 70 % (P <0 .0 0 1) ,诱导倍数明显降低 .保留原有κB3位点 ,再将κB3位点取代κB1和κB2位点 ,可使基因组成性和诱导性表达几乎完全恢复 ;将κB3位点向TSS移近 (- 98→ - 52 ) ,取代Sp1位点 ,虽然κB1和κB2位点仍然缺失 ,但仅一个κB3位点即可使基因组成性和LPS诱导性表达恢复到 80 % .用反义寡核苷酸封闭这个κB3位点 ,不但可使TNF α启动子完全丧失对LPS的反应性 ,还可完全阻断所控基因的组成性表达 .结果表明 ,人TNF α启动子区域 3个NF κB位点均参与该     

钙离子调节的转录因子NF-κB激活参与小鼠记忆功能与行为调控

NF κB是重要的核转录因子,最近,美国研究人员DavidBaltimore等惊奇地发现,NF κB在行为学中枢调控过程中亦起重要作用。他们发现,敲除NF κB分子P6 5基因的小鼠的海马细胞虽然存在NF κB的其他亚基,但突触刺激引发的NF κB核转运却被降低。行为学研究亦表明,虽然P6 5基因敲除小鼠具有正常发育的中枢神经系统和正常的日常行为,但在辐射臂状迷宫(radialarmmaze,RAM)实验中,P6 5基因敲除小鼠对场景的学习和记忆能力以及探寻食物的能力均明显低于野生型小鼠,尽管实验中它们表现出与野生型小鼠相同的探寻行为(exploratorybehavior)和…     

新型血管内皮细胞抑制因子VEGI_(151)的基因克隆表达及其活性

血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子 (vascularendothelialcellgrowthinhibitor,VEGI)是近年发现的一类肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员 ,具有抑制内皮细胞增殖的作用。从人脐静脉内皮细胞株 (ECV30 4)克隆到其基因 ,构建N端缺失 2 3个氨基酸的表达载体 ,并通过原核表达系统进行表达 (命名为VEGI151) ,表达量为 2 5 .5 % ,纯化后纯度达92 .5 %。通过生物学效应检测 ,发现VEGI151可明显抑制无血清培养基中内皮细胞的增殖 ,2 4h时VEGI151对内皮细胞的IC50 为 10mg/L ,0 .6 13mg/L时使内皮细胞在 36h内完全凋亡。通过检测体外培养肿瘤细胞 (A5 49、HepG2、Hela等 )的存活率 ,未发现明显的增殖或抑制效应。提示VEGI是一种主要作用于血管内皮细胞 ,在新生血管性疾病及肿瘤的治疗中有潜在的应用前景。     

EB病毒潜伏性膜蛋白CTAR—2突变体的构建及功能分析

为了探讨EB病毒潜伏性膜蛋白 1(LMP1)的活性部位及细胞转化作用机制 ,采用PCR方法构建LMP1羧基末端活化区 2 (CTAR 2 )中 3 84～ 3 86位密码子对应的氨基酸YYD→ID突变的重组体 ,将此重组突变型LMP1(mt LMP1)与野生型LMP1(wt LMP1)分别与含有转录因子NF κB或AP 1启动子序列的荧光素酶表达质粒共转染 2 93细胞 ,单光子检测仪测定比较二者活化转录因子的功能 ;同时将mt LMP1和wt LMP1分别导入Rat 1细胞 ,接触抑制试验比较二者对细胞的转化作用。发现 :( 1)与wt LMP1相比 ,mt LMP1对转录因子NF κB的活化作用降低了 80 %左右 ,对AP 1的活化作用全部消失 ;( 2 )mt LMP1表达的Rat 1细胞集落形成数比wt LMP1表达的细胞显著降低[( 2 3± 3 ) /皿对 ( 3 5 7± 19) /皿 ;( 64± 8) /皿对 ( 40 8± 40 ) /皿 ;n =3 ,P <0 .0 0 1]。这些结果表明CTAR 2中最后 3位氨基酸 ( 3 84～ 3 86)是EB病毒LMP1的重要活性部位之一 ;LMP1致Rat 1细胞转化作用主要与其活化转录因子NF κB或 /和AP 1的功能有关     

Role of NF-κB activation in LPS-induced endothelial barrier breakdown

Endothelial barrier breakdown contributes to organ failure in sepsis. The key mechanism by which the potent sepsis inductor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupts the endothelial barrier is controversial. Here, we tested the hypothesis that NF-κB activation is critically involved in endothelial barrier breakdown. Application of LPS to monolayers of porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) induced a rapid and sustained activation of NF-κB as revealed by translocation of its subunit p65 into the nuclei in nuclear extraction assays and by immunostaining. Measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and intercellular gap formation demonstrated significant breakdown of endothelial barrier properties following LPS treatment for 3?h. Interestingly, monolayers recovered spontaneously beginning after 10?h. Increased cAMP prevented LPS-induced loss of endothelial barrier properties, but did not block NF-κB activation. Application of the cell-permeable NEMO-binding domain (NBD) synthetic peptide was effective to prevent NF-κB activation, but did neither block LPS-induced loss of TER nor intercellular gap formation. NBD peptide alone did not alter endothelial barrier properties, but enhanced the barrier-compromising effects when applied in combination with LPS. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knock-down of p65 in HDMECs did not prevent LPS-induced barrier breakdown. Known targets of NF-κB-derived protein expression of caveolin or vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) remained unaltered by LPS treatment of endothelial cells. In summary, our data indicate that NF-κB activation by LPS is not critically involved in disruption of endothelial barrier properties. Rather, our data suggest that NF-κB activation acts as a part of a rescue mechanism.     

Bcl10 is an essential regulator for A20 gene expression

A20, a tumor suppressor in several types of lymphomas, has been suggested to be an nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target gene; conversely, the deubiquitylation activity of A20 is required for inhibition of Bcl10-mediated activation of NF-κB. BCL10, which is activated in a recurrent chromosomal translocation that causes human mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, is known to be essential for NF-κB activation in B cells. We report here that Bcl10 upregulates endogenous A20 gene expression in B lymphocytes upon B-cell receptor engagement of anti-IgM. Transient transfection assays in HEK 293 cells indicate that Bcl10 can activate the A20 promoter, which contains NF-κB-binding sites. We also construct a theoretical structure of mouse Bcl10 and analyze the structure by molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulation. Lastly, we found that marginal zone B cells from BCL10-transgenic mice proliferate more readily than wild-type B cells, whereas, surprisingly, the transgenic follicular B cells from these mice proliferate comparably to wild-type cells. Collectively, our results indicate that Bcl10 is an essential regulator of A20 gene expression and B-cell proliferation mediated by B-cell receptor signaling.     

Atorvastatin suppresses LPS-induced rapid upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 and its signaling pathway in endothelial cells

In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that atorvastatin exerts its anti-inflammation effect via suppressing LPS-induced rapid upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and its downstream p38, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). TLR4 mRNA expression and its downstream kinase activities induced by LPS alone or atorvastatin + LPS in endothelial cells were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Preincubation of LPS-stimulated endothelial cells with TLR4 siRNA was conducted to identify the target of the anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin. Atorvastatin incubation resulted in the reduction of LPS-induced TLR4 mRNA expression, ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK phosphorylation, and NF-κB binding activity. Pretreatment with MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 attenuated atorvastatin + LPS-induced NF-κB activity but had no effect on P38 MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, pretreatment with P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 resulted in upregulation of atorvastatin + LPS-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no significant effects on NF-κB activity. On the other hand, blocking NF-κB with SN50 produced no effects on atorvastatin + LPS-induced ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, TLR4 gene silencing produced the same effects as the atorvastatin treatment. In conclusion, atorvastatin downregulated TLR4 mRNA expression by two distinct signaling pathways. First, atorvastatin stabilized Iκ-Bα, which directly inhibited NF-κB activation. Second, atorvastatin inactivated ERK phosphorylation, which indirectly inhibited NF-κB activation. Suppression of p38 MAPK by atorvastatin upregulates ERK but exerts no effect on NF-κB.     

The C11R Gene, Which Encodes the Vaccinia Virus Growth Factor, Is Partially Responsible for MVA-Induced NF-κB and ERK2 Activation

MVA is an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus (VACV) that is a popular vaccine vector. MVA infection activates NF-κB. For 293T cells, it is known that MVA early gene expression activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), resulting in NF-κB activation. However, other viral and cellular mechanisms responsible for this event are ill defined. The data presented here show that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is at least one apical trigger in this pathway: ERK2 and NF-κB activation was diminished when MVA infections occurred in cells devoid of the EGFR (CHO K1 cells) or in the presence of a drug that inhibits EGFR activation (AG1478) in 293T cells. The expression of dominant negative Ras or Raf proteins still permitted NF-κB activation, suggesting that a nonclassical EGFR-based signal transduction pathway triggered ERK2-NF-κB activation. C11R is an early gene present in MVA and other orthopoxviruses. It encodes the soluble, secreted vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), a protein that binds to and stimulates the EGFR. Here it was observed that NF-κB was activated in 293T cells transfected with a plasmid encoding the C11R gene. Silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or deletion of the C11R gene (MVAΔC11R) reduced both MVA-induced ERK2 and NF-κB activation in 293T cells or the keratinocyte line Hacat, suggesting that this mechanism of MVA-induced NF-κB activation may be common for several cell types.