苯酚-硫酸法测定野生榛蘑中可溶性多糖含量

野生榛蘑具有很高的营养价值。本文采用水溶法初步提取采自于阿尔山地区的野生榛蘑多糖,用苯酚-硫酸显色法测定其多糖含量约为43.4%,RSD为3.5%。苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,实验操作简单,数据稳定,结果可靠     

香苓胶囊中多糖的含量测定

为建立香苓胶囊的含量测定方法,采用苯酚硫酸法,以葡萄糖作为标准品,分光光度法于490砌波长处测定吸光度。实验显示多糖的线性范围为2—10μg,／mL,r=0．9997,加样回收率为99．81％（n=5）,RSD=1．95％,样品中多糖的质量分数为89．22％,表明该方法可用于本品的质量控制。     

虫草多糖含量测定方法的研究

目的:选择一种适合于北虫草提取物中多糖含量的测定方法。方法:采用水杨酸法和苯酚-硫酸法测定虫草多糖的含量,比较两种方法的优缺点。结果:两种方法精密度上均符合要求,但在样品处理时间、稳定性、回收率等方面水杨酸法优于苯酚-硫酸法。结论:水杨酸法操作简便、稳定、回收率高、重现性好,更适用于虫草多糖的质量控制。     

茜草根、茎、叶多糖含量分析

采用苯酚一硫酸法[1]测定茜草根、茎、叶多糖含量为根、0.23%;茎、0.15%;叶、1.67%.并对根茎叶多糖含量进行分析比较,其结果表明:茜草叶的多糖含量最高,其次为根,茎最少,结果显示叶中的多糖含量是根中的7～8倍.     

黄芪多糖的闪式提取技术研究

目的:建立黄芪多糖的闪式提取技术.方法:对黄芪多糖闪式提取技术中提取温度、提取时间、提取电机电压、pH值、料液比、乙醇浓度进行了单因素实验,以多糖得率为指标确定提取工艺,并与传统碱水提取法进行了比较,最后用该工艺对8种不同产地或级别的黄芪原料进行多糖提取和含量测定.结果:初步确定提取工艺为温度65℃、提取时间2 min、pH值为10、提取电机电压200V、料液比1:10、乙醇浓度为5%(V/V),提取所得黄芪多糖总量达到123.46mg/g,比碱提法多糖得率提高了近30%,该法检测不同黄芪原料多糖含量在87.44～187.74mg/g.结论:闪式提取技术能大大提高黄芪多糖提取率,不同产地或级别的黄芪原料在黄芪多糖含量上有较大差异.     

不同硫取代度昆布多糖硫酸酯的合成及理化性质初步研究

目的:对昆布多糖进行不同硫取代度的硫酸酯化修饰,并对其产物的硫酸基含量、糖含量与分子量进行检测,为研究不同硫取代度昆布多糖硫酸酯的生物活性奠定物质基础。方法:采用氯磺酸-吡啶法对昆布多糖进行硫酸化修饰,通过改变硫酸化修饰条件,来制取不同硫酸基取代度的昆布多糖硫酸酯;利用盐酸水解-硫酸钡比浊法测定昆布多糖硫酸酯的硫酸基含量,并通过公式求得其硫取代度;用苯酚-硫酸法测定昆布多糖硫酸酯的多糖含量,并使用HPGPC法测定其分子量。结果:两种不同硫取代度昆布多糖硫酸酯的硫酸基含量分别为37.8%、45.92%,取代度分别为1.07、1.51,糖含量分别为44.52%、37.19%,分子量分别为13000、16000。结论:利用氯磺酸-吡啶法对昆布多糖进行硫酸酯化修饰,该方法可以获取不同取代度产物,酯化率高。     

蛹虫草水溶性多糖含量测定方法的比较与优化

已报道文献中蛹虫草多糖含量差异非常大,通过比较分析发现差异主要在于干扰物质的去除。结合高效阴离子色谱对干扰物质的测定,对常见的几种蛹虫草多糖提取测定方法进行了分析比较,在此基础上建立了去除干扰物的蛹虫草多糖测定方法。该方法简便、快速、精确,经系统的方法学考察证明,是一种分析蛹虫草多糖较好的方法。     

ASE快速溶剂萃取与测定青海十六种高寒植物中多糖含量

本研究采用快速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取青海十六种高寒植物中的多糖,并建立了苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量。使用ASE350通过在线净化过程加入乙醚除去样品中的脂类物质,加入75%乙醇在线除去游离单糖、低聚糖和糖醛酸,同时对样品进行脱色。继续加入蒸馏水用ASE在线提取出样品中的多糖。离心除去由淀粉溶胀糊化形成的胶体物质,上清液加入Sevag试剂除去蛋白质,试液依次加入5%苯酚溶液和浓硫酸显色。以蒸馏水做空白对照,在490 nm处测定吸光度,同时采用水提醇沉法进行多糖换算因子的测定。结果表明,各样品多糖在0.01~0.10 mg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9996),平均加样回收率为97.26%,RSD为0.53%(n=9)。该方法简便、准确、稳定性和重现性好,适用于测定植物样品中多糖的含量,可为青海高寒植物的质量控制提供依据。     

ASE快速溶剂萃取与测定青海十六种高寒植物中多糖含量北大核心CSCD

本研究采用快速溶剂萃取法（ASE）提取青海十六种高寒植物中的多糖,并建立了苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量。使用ASE350通过在线净化过程加入乙醚除去样品中的脂类物质,加入75%乙醇在线除去游离单糖、低聚糖和糖醛酸,同时对样品进行脱色。继续加入蒸馏水用ASE在线提取出样品中的多糖。离心除去由淀粉溶胀糊化形成的胶体物质,上清液加入Sevag试剂除去蛋白质,试液依次加入5%苯酚溶液和浓硫酸显色。以蒸馏水做空白对照,在490 nm处测定吸光度,同时采用水提醇沉法进行多糖换算因子的测定。结果表明,各样品多糖在0.01-0.10 mg范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9996）,平均加样回收率为97.26%,RSD为0.53%（n=9）。该方法简便、准确、稳定性和重现性好,适用于测定植物样品中多糖的含量,可为青海高寒植物的质量控制提供依据。     

耙齿菌糖蛋白的提取分离、理化性质及抗炎活性

耙齿菌发酵物经水提醇沉得醇沉Ⅰ、醇溶Ⅱ两部分;Ⅰ透析得内液Ⅰ1、外液Ⅰ2。苯酚-硫酸法、Lowry法、间羟基联苯法测Ⅰ的总糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸的含量分别为43．22、21．11、4．32％;除蛋白和氨基酸分析证明Ⅰ为糖蛋白。气相色谱测定Ⅰ的组成糖及摩尔比为Ara：Xyl:Man：Gal：Glu=1：0．5：4．2：1．6：6．1;HPLC测定分子量为60kD;小鼠耳肿胀实验证实Ⅰ具有抗炎活性。     

Changes in Endogenous Growth Regulators in the Gladiolus Corm during Dormancy

Changes in endogenous growth regulators in gladiolus corms during dormancy were studied using paper and column chromatography followed by a bioassay with the test for straight growth of Avena coleoptile. Corms were grown in the field or in a glass room of a phytotron at 20°C in the light. Another lot was grown in a dark room at 20°C in the dark. Half of the daughter corms in each lot were cold-treated for about one month and the other half were stored at room temperature after harvest. The earliest sprouting was seen in dark grown corms with cold treatment, and the latest sprouting in light grown corms without cold. This pattern was similar in each cultivar over a period of three years. Corms from both lots contained considerable amounts of inhibiting substance just after harvest. However, dark grown corms treated with cold showed a rapid decrease in inhibitor activity and an increase in promoter activity. On the other hand, in light grown corms without cold treatment there was inhibitor activity found consistently even after two months. —There appear to be two inhibiting zones in the chromato-grams. One of these contains two inhibitory substances, one of which was assumed to be abscisic acid.     

Anti-fungal sesquiterpenoid from the root exudate of Solanum abutiloides

The Solanum abutiloides plant is highly resistant to soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Verticillium dahliae, and Ralstonia solanacearum. This species is utilized as a mating source of resistant cultivars and is also used as a rootstock. The root exudate of Solanum abutiloides was extracted from a soil system composed of charcoal and vermiculite. Anti-fungal activity was found in the extract, and an active ingredient was isolated. The chemical structure of the active compound was determined to be 3-beta-acetoxysolavetivone, a new sesquiterpenoid. The anti-fungal activity of 3-beta-acetoxysolavetivone examined by the inhibition of spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum was close to that of lubimin, and higher than that of solavetivone.     

Seasonal Dynamics of the Accumulation, Distribution and Redistribution of Dry Matter and Mineral Nutrients in a Weedy Species of Gladiolus (Gladiolus caryophyllaceus)

The seasonal dynamics of the accumulation, distribution andredistribution of dry matter and 12 mineral nutrients by a weedyspecies of gladiolus (Gladiolus caryophyllaceus) were studiedat Perth, Western Australia, where it has colonized the nutrient-poorsandy soils. Parent corms sprouted in autumn, and the plantshad completed their growth cycle by early summer. The maturereplacement corm had 15-25% of the plant's P, Ca, Na, Zn andCu, 5-15% of its K, N, Cl, Mg, S and dry matter, and < 5%of its Fe and Mn. Seeds had 26% of the plant's dry matter, 60%of its N and P, 21-33% of its S, Mg, Cu and K, 5-20% of itsFe, Mn and Zn, and < 5% of its Ca and Na. The mature vegetativeshoot had 47% of the plant's dry matter and over 40% of eachnutrient, except for N, P and Cu. Phosphorus, K and N were redistributedfrom the parent corm with over 85% efficiency, S, Mg, Zn andCu with 60-70% efficiency, but there was < 10% redistributionof Ca, Na, Cl, Fe and Mn. The efficiency of redistribution fromthe leafy shoot was over 70% for N and P, 29-52% for K, Mg andCu, 16-20% for S, Zn and Cl, but negligible for Ca, Na, Fe andMn. Redistribution from the shoot could have provided the replacementcorm and seeds with 53-98% of their Cu, Mg, N, P and K, and29-38% of their S, Zn and dry matter. Seeds contained over 60%of each nutrient in a capsule, except for Ca, Na and Fe. Redistributionfrom the capsule walls could have provided 13-19% of the P,Cu and Zn, and 3-7% of the N, K, Mg and dry matter accumulatedby seeds. Each plant produced an average of 520 seeds. Removalof flowers and buds at first anthesis resulted in a larger replacementcorm containing a greater quantity of most nutrients, indicatingcompetition between the replacement corm and seeds for nutrients.Redistribution from parent to replacement cormlets in the absenceof shoot and root development was high, with over 50% of thedry matter and each nutrient, except for Ca, being transferred.Concentration of nutrients were low in all organs of G. caryophyllaceus,especially the replacement corm. It was concluded that the effectiveredistribution of key nutrients, such as N and P, to reproductivestructures and tolerance of low internal concentrations of nutrientscontribute to the capacity of G. caryophyllaceus to colonizeand persist on infertile soils.Copyright 1993, 1999 AcademicPress Gladiolus caryophyllaceus, corm, distribution, dry matter, gladiolus, mineral nutrients, nutrient accumulation, nutrient redistribution, seasonal growth, weed     

The Effect of Gibberellin A3 and (2-Chloroethyl)-trimethylammoniuin chloride on Assimilate Distribution in Gladiolus in Relation to Corm Growth1

The influence of GA and CCC on growth and assimilate translocationto the various plant organs in gladiolus was studied by labellinga single leaf with ¹⁴CO₂ and following the distribution of theassimilates. GA promotes inflorescence growth by directing assimilatemovement towards the inflorescence at the expense of the corm.CCC has a similar but smaller effect. GA and CCC both promoteassimilate translocation from the labelled leaf during the periodof inflorescence growth. When this period is over and the cormbecomes the main sink, translocation from the labelled leafis promoted by CCC but inhibited by GA. The effect of CCC maybe only partly explained on the basis of an increase in GA turnoverin gladiolus.     

Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Chitinase-a from Bulbs of Gladiolus (Gladiolus gandavensis)

The complete amino acid sequence of gladiolus bulb chitinase-a (GBC-a) was determined. First the tryptic peptides from GBC-a after it was reduced and S-carboxymethylated were sequenced and then the peptides were further studied by chemical cleavage of the enzyme. GBC-a consisted of 274 amino acid residues and had a molecular mass of 30,714 Da. Two consensus sequences essential for chitinase activity by plant class III chitinases were conserved in GBC-a, although its sequence similarity with plant class III chitinases was less than 20%. Sequence comparison of GBC-a with sequences of other proteins in a protein identification resource (PIR) showed that the GBC-a sequence was 33% similar to that of narbonin, a seed storage 2S globulin from narbon beans.     

纳米氧化镁对柑橘炭疽菌的抗菌效应

纳米氧化镁(MgO NP)因其自身卓越的物理化学性质,尤其是较高的比表面积,使其在光学、电学、材料学和生物医学等各个领域都表现出重要的应用前景.MgO NP对细菌表现出良好的抗菌性,而对真菌的抗菌性研究较少.本文研究了MgO NP对柑橘炭疽病菌胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的抗菌作用,测定了其对胶孢炭疽菌的菌丝生长和菌丝形态的影响,以及对孢子萌发的抑制作用,并测定了MgO NP对柑橘炭疽病的防控效果.研究结果表明,100~800μg/mL的MgO NP都能较好抑制胶孢炭疽菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,其中400μg/mL和800μg/mL剂量效果最明显;同时提前施用400μg/mL的MgO NP表现出较好的柑橘炭疽病防治效果,说明MgO NP具有作为植物保护剂的潜力.     

蝉花抗真菌活性成分的分离纯化研究

通过抗真菌实验进行活性跟踪,采用NKA大孔吸附树脂和硅胶两步柱色谱对蝉花中抗真菌活性成分进行分离纯化;并通过红外、质谱进行结构鉴定。结果表明,分离得到的抗真菌活性成分为多球壳菌素,对真菌的最小抑制浓度为0.02 mg/mL。本研究为进一步研究蝉花及制备医药工业所需的多球壳菌素提供了依据。