石山苏铁与锈毛苏铁羽片解剖学研究

研究了石山苏铁与锈毛苏铁叶的羽片横切面结构,结果表明,石山苏铁叶表面具厚的角质层,表皮细胞壁厚,排成整齐的一列：下皮层厚壁细胞仅分布于中脉隆起区和叶缘：叶肉由栅栏组织和海绵组织构成,栅栏组织为排列整齐的柱状细胞组成,位于近轴面的表皮层下方,并延伸至中脉区：海绵组织的细胞分布于副转输组织两侧,含晶细胞少;韧皮部在远轴面,排成弧形;木质部在近轴面,管胞分散,锈毛苏铁的羽片横切面结构在叶缘的形态,叶脉区隆起形态,韧皮部形态,分泌道有无及下皮层厚壁细胞的特点等方面与石山苏铁存在较明显的差异,本文支持把两者作为独立种的观点。     

Phytochemical and antiulcerogenic properties of rhizomes from Simaba ferruginea St. Hill. (Simaroubaceae)

Simaba ferruginea (Simaroubaceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments, including gastric ulcers, fever, diarrhea, and dolorous and inflammatory processes. This study examines the chemical composition and antiulcerogenic effects of rhizomes from this plant. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two bioactive indole alkaloids called canthin-6-one (1) and 4-methoxycanthin-6-one (2). The alkaloid fraction and both alkaloids demonstrated potent antiulcerogenic effects when evaluated in gastric lesion-induced animals, as well as significant antinociceptive activity in mice. These results confirm and justify the popular use of S. ferruginea against gastric ulcers and dolorous processes.     

Evidence for Bastesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid

Observations in the Cape Province, South Africa, showed that Disa ferruginea (Orchidaceae) is dependent on a single butterfly species— Meneris tulbaghia (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)—for pollination. The flowers of D. ferruginea contain no food reward and, instead, appear to secure pollinator visits by imitating flowers which are nectar sources for the butterfly. A red-flowered form of D. ferruginea appears to mimic the red nectar-producing flowers of Tritoniopsis triticea (Iridaceae) in the south-western Cape, while an orange-flowered form of D. ferruginea appears to mimic the orange nectar-producing flowers of Kniphofia uvaria (Asphodelaceae) in the Langeberg Mountains. Reflectance spectra of the orchid's flowers closely match those of its putative models. Analysis of foraging movements of the butterfly in a mixed stand of D. ferruginea and T. triticea indicated that it does not discriminate between the nectarless orchid and the nectar-producing model. Populations of D. ferruginea which are sympatric with T. triticea have relatively high levels of pollination and fruit production, compared with populations where the orchid grows alone. Although other studies have reported relatively low fecundity in deceptive orchids, pollination and fruiting success in D. ferruginea compares favourably with a nectar-producing congener, Disa uniflora , which is also pollinated solely by M. tulbaghia.     

Rapid clonal propagation of Plumbago zeylanica Linn.

An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro clonal propagation of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. through nodal culture. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal explants of P. zeylanica on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^–1 to 1.0 mg.L^–1 6-benzyladenine and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Inclusion of IAA (0.01 mg L^–1) in the culture medium improved the frequency of production of multiple shoots. Rooting was readily achieved upon transferring the shoots onto half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L^–1 IBA and 2% (w/v) sucrose. Micropropagated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and successfully established in soil.     

Effect of Plumbago zeylanica root powder induced preimplantationary loss and abortion on uterine luminal proteins in albino rats

P. zeylanica treatment during first 7 days of pregnancy abolished uterine proteins of 13,000, 19,000 and 26,000 and 75,000 Da molecular weights resulting in preimplantationary loss. Proteins having molecular weights 55,000 and 65,000 Da were absent in aborted rats, that were given P. zeylanica root powder since day 6 to day 17 of pregnancy. The results suggest that proteins having molecular weights 13,000, 19,000, 26,000 and 75,000 Da influence the implantation and proteins of 55,000 and 65,000 Da are required for the maintenance of the pregnancy.     

我国两种特有苏铁的生态环境及叶片结构

考查广西百色西林县叉孢苏铁和广西百色田东县锈毛苏铁的生态环境,结合观测其叶片的内部结构来探讨其与生境的适应性。结果表明叉孢苏铁群落乔木和灌木均9种,藤本8种,草本18种,蕨类2种,空间格局明显;锈毛苏铁群落乔木和灌木均5种,草本6种,蕨类4种,空间格局不明显。两种苏铁的羽片均由表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织和副转输组织构成;叶轴均由表皮、厚壁组织、薄壁组织和维管组织构成。不同之处在于,锈毛苏铁的羽片、角质层、栅栏组织和叶轴的厚壁组织均较叉孢苏铁的厚,分别是叉孢苏铁的1．82倍、2．32倍、1．79倍和2．45倍左右;锈毛苏铁叶片的表皮之下有下皮层、各组织中有丰富的异细胞,而又孢苏铁的无或较少;锈毛苏铁的羽片中有黏液道,而叉孢苏铁的无。又孢苏铁的叶片表现为弱旱生异面叶,锈毛苏铁的则表现为强旱生异面叶。     

Embryonic muscle development in direct and indirect developing marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida)

SUMMARY We compared embryonic myogenesis of the direct-developing acotylean polyclad Melloplana ferruginea with that of Maritigrella crozieri , a cotylean that develops via a larval stage. Fluorescently labeled F-actin was visualized with laser confocal microscopy. Developmental times are reported as percentages of the time from oviposition to hatching: 7 days for M. crozieri and 22  days for M. ferruginea . The epithelium began to form at 30% development in M. crozieri and at 15% development in M. ferruginea . Random myoblasts appeared in peripheral areas of the embryo at 36% and 22–30% development in M. crozeri and M. ferruginea , respectively. Circular and longitudinal muscle bands formed synchronously at 37–44% development in M. crozieri ; yolk obscured observations of early myogenesis in M. ferruginea . An orthogonal muscle grid was established by 45–50% development in both species. Diagonal muscles developed in M. ferruginea at 60–71% development. Hence, juveniles of this species hatch with the same basic body-wall musculature as adults. Larvae of M. crozieri did not hatch with diagonal muscles; these muscles are acquired postmetamorphosis. Additionally, a specialized musculature developed in the larval lobes of M. crozieri . Oral musculature was complex and established by 72% development in both species. Our results are comparable to the muscle differentiation reported for other indirect-developing polyclads and for direct-developing species of macrostomid flatworms. Furthermore, they provide additional support that the orthogonal muscle pattern of circular and longitudinal muscles is a symplesiomorphy of Spiralia.     

Antimutagenic activity of methanolic extracts of four ayurvedic medicinal plants

Methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus (Rhizome), Hemidesmus indicus (Stem), Holarrhena antidysenterica (Bark) and Plumbago zeylanica (Root), were tested for their antimutagenic potential. These extracts, at tested concentrations, showed no sign of mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. The extracts of the plants exhibited varying level of antimutagenicity. At a dose of 100 microg/plate, the extracts exhibited the inhibition of His+ revertants from 18.51% to 82.66% against direct acting mutagens, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and sodium azide (NaN3) induced mutagenicity in Salmonella tester strains TA 97a, TA 100, TA 102 and TA 104. However, at lower concentrations (25 and 50 mcirog/plate) of the plant extracts, a decrease in antimutagenic activity was recorded. Dose dependent antimutagenic activity of the extracts is also evident from linear regression analysis of the data. The over all antimutagenic potential of above four extracts was found to be in order of A. calamus > H. indicus > H. antidysenterica > P. zeylanica. Further, total phenolic content of these extracts did not correlate with its antimutagenic activity in A. calamus and P. zeylanica.     

Population genetics of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea (Gastropoda: Patellidae): taxonomic, conservation and evolutionary considerations

The limpet Patella ferruginea is the most endangered marine invertebrate in the western Mediterranean rocky shores, whereas Patella caerulea is the most common Mediterranean limpet. From Pleistocene to historic age, P. ferruginea was distributed around the whole Mediterranean basin, since the shells of this species are a characteristic feature of Palaeolithic and Neolithic deposits in this area. However, its Mediterranean range has progressively contracted to a few restricted areas. The ancient origin of the species (18 Ma) and the present geographical isolation among relic populations could have led to a great genetic difference among populations, taking into account the supposedly low dispersal ability of the species. However, we have observed a few genetic differences among populations and a 'star phylogeny' of COI haplotypes from the 41 individuals of P. ferruginea analysed; a similar pattern has also been observed for the seven individuals of P. caerulea studied. Genetic evidences show a possible bottleneck event on late Pleistocene that affected the two species. The results have an important implication on the future management of this endangered species. Additionally, two different morphological types of P. ferruginea have been described by Payraudeau in 1826 : lamarcki and rouxi forms. Clear morphological differences occur between these two types and some authors pointed out the hypothesis about the existence of two different species. The results of the present study conclude that the two different forms of P. ferruginea are ecotypes, rather than different species or subspecies, and intermediate steps are an ecological range instead of hybridization events among different species.     

尖叶木樨榄作砧木嫁接油橄榄的研究

本文就云南、四川两省采用尖叶木樨榄(Olea ferrugineaRoyle.)作砧木嫁接油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)二十余年的试验观察,报道尖叶木樨榄在我国的分布及其生物学特性,系统总结尖叶木樨榄作砧木对油橄榄生长发育及开花结实的影响。试验结果表明:尖叶木樨榄作砧木具有种子出苗率高,嫁接繁殖容易,提早油橄榄开花结实年龄,增强油橄榄对酸性红壤的适应性,增强油橄榄对干旱环境和对某些病害的抗性等优点。此砧木已在我国西南部油橄榄适生区应用于生产性栽培。     

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Plumbago zeylanica L

It has been shown that the presence of infection by Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulceration. In western medicine, a 3-fold therapeutic regimen, emphasizing the use of antibiotics, is typically used to suppress H. pylori activity. However, antibiotic drug resistance frequently develops as a consequence of such treatment. In our previous study, 50 Taiwanese folk medicinal plants were screened for their anti-H. pylori activities. The results revealed that Plumbago zeylanica L. had the highest inhibitory effects against H. pylori. In this study, therefore, we have focused on establishing the anti-H. pylori activities of P. zeylanica L. Water and the organic solvents ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone were used for P. zeylanica L. extraction, obtaining yields of 1.66-6.84% (w/w). Excluding the water extract, higher anti-H. pylori activity was demonstrated for all the extracts, both using the agar diffusion and dilution methods. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations against five H. pylori strains, of which ranged from 0.32 to 1.28 mg ml-1, followed, in ascending order, by the acetone, ethanol and water analogs. Bactericidal activity was determined for P. zeylanica L. extracts, with the lowest minimum bactericidal concentrations (5.12-20.48 mg ml-1) demonstrated for the ethyl acetate, followed, in ascending order, by the acetone and ethanol analogs. Bactericidal activity appeared to be in a dose-dependent manner. Through a broad pH range (2-7), bactericidal activity was not affected when extract concentrations were greater than or equal to the minimum bactericidal concentration. High stability was demonstrated for the ethyl acetate P. zeylanica L. extract within pH range of 1-7, exhibiting all pH treatments bactericidal activity.     

桂林产白花丹茎不同月份白花丹醌含量测定

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对桂林产的白花丹茎中不同月份的白花丹醌含量进行了测定。结果表明:在流动相为甲醇-水(70:30),检测波长为254nm的条件下,白花丹醌在0.00048～0.0240mg.mL-1之间线性关系良好;回收率为96.9%～100.0%,白花丹茎中白花丹醌含量10月份最高,这时也是白花丹茎生物产量的高峰期,说明10月份是白花丹茎的最佳采收期。     

Isolation and characterization of a novel biomineral stalk-forming iron-oxidizing bacterium from a circumneutral groundwater seep

The Fe-depositing microorganism Gallionella ferruginea was first described in 1836 based on its association with Fe-rich environments and its distinctive morphology. Since then, this morphology has been widely used to identify G.?ferruginea. Researchers have isolated several Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) related to Gallionella; however, few isolates have produced organized extracellular biomineral structures, and of these, only one stalk former has a sequenced 16S rRNA gene, listed as G.?ferruginea in the GenBank database. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel stalk-forming Fe-oxidizing bacterium, strain R-1, from a freshwater Fe seep. Despite a strong morphological similarity to G.?ferruginea, this isolate has only 93.55% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the previously determined sequence. R-1 only grows on Fe(II) substrates, at pH?5.6 to 7.0 and from 10°C to 35°C, with a doubling time of ～15?h at pH?6.3 and 22°C. It is a Betaproteobacterium, most closely related to uncultured bacteria from microaerobic Fe(II)-rich groundwater springs. The most closely related isolates are Sideroxydans spp. (94.05-94.42% sequence similarity), FeOB that are not known to produce morphologically distinct minerals. To our knowledge, this is the first reported stalk-forming freshwater FeOB isolate distinct from Gallionella.     

六种苏铁属植物的羽片比较解剖学研究

研究了锈毛苏铁（Cycas ferruginea),石山苏铁（C.miquelii),四川苏铁（C.szchuanensis),海南苏铁（C.hainanensis),仙湖苏铁（C.fairylakea)和贵州苏铁（C.guizhouensis)等六种苏铁属植物羽片的比较解剖学,结果显示锈毛苏铁与石山苏铁在下皮层厚壁细胞,海绵组织中含晶细胞,中脉隆起,叶缘形态,韧皮部形态及分泌道的有无等特征上具有较明显的差异,四川苏铁与海南苏铁和仙湖苏铁非常相近;海南苏铁与仙湖苏铁基本一致;贵州苏铁在中脉隆起,叶缘形态,韧皮部形态等方面与四川苏铁,海南苏铁及仙湖苏铁三者有差异。支持将锈毛苏铁,石山苏铁独立为种的观点,并认为海南苏铁与仙湖苏铁不能区分,四川苏铁与海南苏铁和仙湖苏铁具有较近的种系关系,贵州苏铁与其它种的种系关系相对较远。     

Flower colour adaptation in a mimetic orchid

Although the tremendous variability in floral colour among angiosperms is often attributed to divergent selection by pollinators, it is usually difficult to preclude the possibility that floral colour shifts were driven by non-pollinator processes. Here, we examine the adaptive significance of flower colour in Disa ferruginea, a non-rewarding orchid that is thought to attract its butterfly pollinator by mimicking the flowers of sympatric nectar-producing species. Disa ferruginea has red flowers in the western part of its range and orange flowers in the eastern part--a colour shift that we hypothesized to be the outcome of selection for resemblance to different local nectar-producing plants. Using reciprocal translocations of red and orange phenotypes as well as arrays of artificial flowers, we found that the butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia, the only pollinator of the orchid, preferred both the red phenotype and red artificial flowers in the west where its main nectar plant also has red flowers, and both the orange phenotype and orange artificial flowers in the east, where its main nectar plant has orange flowers. This phenotype by environment interaction demonstrates that the flower colour shift in D. ferruginea is adaptive and driven by local colour preference in its pollinator.     

Production of trehalose phosphorylase by Catellatospora ferruginea

Abstract A range of microorganisms was screened for new and high producer strains of trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64). Trehalose phosphorylase activity was found in cells of actinomycetes of the genera Actinomadura, Amycolata, Catellatospora, Kineosporia , and Nocardia . Among them, Catellatospora ferruginea showed the highest enzyme activity. Trehalose phosphorylase from C. ferruginea was able to catalyse both the phosphorolysis of trehalose into β-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose and the synthesis of trehalose from β-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose.     

野生蜂窝草籽中挥发油的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从野生蜂窝草籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学组分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。从蜂窝草籽挥发油中鉴出56种成分,主要组分是油酸(12.57%),棕榈酸(10.36%),1-辛烯-3-醇(7.96%),石竹烯(5.98%),2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,6-庚三烯(5.63%)等。对蜂窝草籽挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明蜂窝草籽挥发油对.OH有明显的清除作用,蜂窝草籽挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用特别是对大肠杆菌ATCC25922株和肠炎沙门菌50040株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。     

六种苏铁属植物的羽片比较解剖学研究

研究了锈毛苏铁（Cycas ferruginea）、石山苏铁（C. miquelii）、四川苏铁（C. szechuanensis）、海南苏铁（C. hainanensis）、仙湖苏铁（C. fairylakea）和贵州苏铁（C. guizhouensis）等六种苏铁属植物羽片的比较解剖学,结果显示锈毛苏铁与石山苏铁在下皮层厚壁细胞、海绵组织中含晶细胞、中脉隆起、叶缘形态、韧皮部形态及分泌道的有无等特征上具有较明显的差异;四川苏铁与海南苏铁和仙湖苏铁非常相近;海南苏铁与仙湖苏铁基本一致;贵州苏铁在中脉隆起、叶缘形态、韧皮部形态等方面与四川苏铁、海南苏铁及仙湖苏铁三者有差异。支持将锈毛苏铁、石山苏铁独立为种的观点,并认为海 南苏铁与仙湖苏铁不能区分。四川苏铁与海南苏铁和仙湖苏铁具有较近的种系关系,贵州苏 铁与其它种的种系关系相对较远。     

Observations on the breeding biology of Melita zeylanica stebbing,a brackish water amphipod

Hydrobiologia - The amphipod Melita zeylanica is sexually dimorphic and the smaller size, presence of brood lamellae, a pocket-like invagination on the sixth side plate in the female, presence of...     

Structural and spatial associations between Fe, O, and C in the network structure of the Leptothrix ochracea sheath surface

The structural and spatial associations of Fe with O and C in the outer coat fibers of the Leptothrix ochracea sheath were shown to be substantially similar to the stalk fibers of Gallionella ferruginea, i.e., a central C core, probably of bacterial origin, and aquatic Fe interacting with O at the surface of the core.