共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Ana Rey Cao Inma Canales LacruzMaría Inés Táboas Pais 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(2):74
Introduction
This article presents the results of evaluation of health related quality of life in a group of elderly people who were engaged in the program of cognitive stimulation «Memory in movement».Materials and methods
A content analysis was conducted to determine the type of experience that the subjects stated in the context of an interview. The statements were classified into categories created ad hoc. The sample consisted of 32 participants with a mean age of 69.92 ± 4.98 years. The software QSR NVivo-8 was used for data processing.Results
The results show that the 48% of the elderly perceive some improvements in their memorisation abilities, 47% in attention and concentration, and 10% in the satisfaction with life after being in the program. They are especially worried about the loss of memory -stated by the 65.62%- and they came to the cognitive stimulation program with the aim of improving this capacity. The feelings that participants reported having experienced during the program have to do with fun, vitality and energy.Conclusions
Programs on cognitive stimulation that incorporate some physical activities, together with a clear playful and social component, improve the psychic and social capacities and they open an important line of intervention due to their good acceptance by the elderly. 相似文献2.
Begoña Prado Villanueva Cornelia Bischoffberger ValdésEmiliana Valderrama Gama Carlos Verdejo BravoJavier Damián 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(1):7
Introduction
Urinary incontinence (UI) has been poorly studied in Spanish nursing homes. The objective is to determine the prevalence and related factors of UI in institutionalized older people in Madrid, Spain.Methods
A probabilistic sample of 754 subjects 65 years of age and older living in public and private institutions in Madrid was randomly selected through stratified cluster sampling. Residents, caregivers and physicians were interviewed. UI was defined as any leakage in the previous 14 days. We asked about the frequency (occasional, nocturnal, frequent and total), quantity (drops or small quantities, very much), and types (urge, stress, due to cognitive impairment, and due to walking difficulty). To determine the factors associated with UI, we built logistic regression models that adjusted for age, sex, functional dependency (Barthel index) and cognitive status (Pfeiffer's test).Results
The prevalence of UI was 53.6%. Of all residents 35.8% had frequent or total UI. Among those incontinent 60.1% had a very large quantity of urine loss and the most common presentation was mixed (54.1%). The most frequent type in the population was urgent UI (26.8%) followed by UI due to walking difficulty (21.4%). UI was associated (odds ratios [95% CI]) with moderate (3.51 [1.56-7.89]) and severe functional disability (44.71 [10.99-181.94]), faecal incontinence (4.97 [2.04-12.16]), stroke (4.59 [1.06-19.87]), physical restraints (4.03 [1.02-17.87]), and falls (2.10 [1.16-3.81]). The mean (95% CI) number of pads used per person per day was 3.0 (2.4-3.6).Conclusions
The prevalence of UI was somewhat higher than that of other comparable populations. Mixed forms, including functional types, were common. 相似文献3.
Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal Ignacio Martínez González-Moro Fernando Alacid Cárceles Esperanza Ros Simón 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
Introduction
Overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate among older people. This is mainly because this population is predominantly sedentary. The aim of this study was to classify, according to the body mass index (BMI), a group of older active women and to evaluate the different basic physical abilities as a function of this.Material and methods
The BMI and fitness were evaluated in 60 elderly active women (mean age: 66.14 ± 6.59 years) using the 2-minute step test, arm curl test, chair stand test, back scratch test, chair-sit and reach-test, flamenco test, and 8-foot up-and-go test.Results
It was found that 52.23% of the women studied had a normal BMI and 47.76% were slightly overweight. There were no cases of obesity or underweight. Women with normal BMI had better values in all tests than overweight women. Significant differences were found in the flamenco test (P < .05), and 8-foot up-and-go test (P < .01).Conclusions
Older women who usually do physical activity had a normal or slightly overweight BMI. It was also found that women with lower BMI have better resistance, flexibility, balance and strength. 相似文献4.
Luis Espejo Antúnez María Ángeles Cardero Durán Berta Caro Puértolas Guillermo Téllez de Peralta 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2012
Introduction
At present, aging and increased life expectancy implies a greater susceptibility to dependence, which then leads to the irreversible loss of quality of life, in many cases due to chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a treatment based on aerobic exercise in institutionalised elderly people diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis.Material and method
An experimental, prospective, single blind study was conducted. The sample (n = 31), was divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 17) was treated based on aerobic exercise for 4 weeks with 2 sessions per week and each lasting 50 minutes. We conducted a pre-test and post-test assessment using a visual analogue scale, WOMAC questionnaire and SF-36 as measuring instruments. The statistical program SPSS15.0 was used for the analysis of the data.Results
We obtained significant differences in the t-test for paired samples in the three dimensions of the WOMAC questionnaire, P<.001, in the perceived pain P<.001 and in the physical function, vitality and mental health dimensions of the SF-36 with a 95% confidence interval.Conclusion
Exercise gave positive results in functional (pain, stiffness, physical function) and psychological aspects (mental health and vitality) in the institutionalised elderly. 相似文献5.
Guzmán Rodrigo Antonio Silvestre RonyRodríguez Francisco Aniceto Arriagada David AndrésOrtega Pablo Andrés 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(5):256
Introduction
Frequent falls are one of the most important health problems in the elderly population. The unipedal stance test (UPST), asses postural stability and is used in fall risk measures. Despite this, there is little information about its relationship with posturographic parameters (PP) that characterizes postural stability. Center of pressure velocity (CoPV) is one of the best PP that describes postural stability. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between UST score and CoPV in elderly population.Materials and methods
A sample of 38 healthy elderly subjects where divided in two groups according to their UPST score, low performance (LP, n = 11) and high performance (HP, n = 27). The correlation between UPST score and COP mean velocity (CoPmV), recorded from a posturographic test, was analyzed between both groups.Results
An inverse correlation between UPST score and CoPmV was found in both groups. However, this was higher in the LP group (r = −0.69, P = .02) compared to the HP (r = −0.39, P = .04).Conclusions
Based on the results of this investigation, it may be concluded that the achievement on UPST has an inverse relationship with CoPmV, especially in subjects with low performance in the UPST. 相似文献6.
María Pilar Córcoles-Jiménez Ascensión Villada-MuneraMónica Moreno-Moreno María Delirio Jiménez-SánchezEduardo Candel-Parra María Ángeles del Egido FernándezAntonio Javier Piña-Martínez 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(6):289
Recurrent falls affect between 14.8% and 19% of the elderly population, and are associated with an increased risk of fracture. We know little about the influence the history of recurrent falls may have on recovery after hip fracture.
Methods
Cohort study. The patients included were, over 65 years admitted during a 1 year period to the General University Hospital of Albacete with a hip fracture due to a fall. Recurrent falls were defined as a history of two or more falls within the 6 months prior to the fracture. Variables: demographic data, circumstances of fall, number of falls in the previous 6 months, type of fracture and its repair, comorbidity and drug treatment, cognitive status at admission (Pfeiffer test) and independence for activities of daily living (Barthel Index - BI) were collected. A subsample of patients with pre-fracture BI≥60 and Pfeiffer at admission≤4 was followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months.Results
A total of 335 patients were admitted. Data were collected on 279 of them, 19.4% of whom had previously suffered two or more falls. The recurrent fallers had a worse mental status on admission, a higher number of associated diseases, a lower percentage of independence in dressing and in bed-chair transferring than patients without history of recurrent falls, all statistically significant. In the 201 patients followed up, the impairment on the BI after 12 months compared to the BI previous to fracture was higher in recurrent fallers (-20.8 ± 31.54 vs -10.73 ± 20.21, P = .04), focusing more on independence in eating (76% vs 91.9%, P < .05), grooming (72% vs 91,9%, P < .01), faecal continence (60% vs 78.7%, p < .05) and walking indoors (80% vs 93.3%, P < .05).Conclusions
The recovery of independence after hip fracture is significantly lower in the group of recurrent fallers in patients without moderate or severe functional impairment previous to fracture and cognitively stable. 相似文献7.
8.
Carmen María Osuna-Pozo José Antonio Serra-Rexach José Viña María del Carmen Gómez-Cabrera Antoni Salvá Domingo Ruiz Ferrán Masanes Alfonso Lopez-Soto Francesc Formiga Federico Cuesta Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2014
Background
There are few systematic studies on the prevalence of sarcopenia using the new diagnostic criteria in different geriatric care settings.Objective
To estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia, using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria in older subjects living in nursing homes and in those who attend geriatric outpatient clinics.Material and methods
A single country multicentre study in two samples of older subjects: patients cared for in outpatient geriatric clinics, and individuals living in nursing homes. Data collected will include demographic variables, medical history, medication, geriatric syndromes, functional status (assessment of basic and instrumental activities of daily living), mobility, cognitive status, comorbidity, quality of life, nutritional status, and laboratory parameters. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, 4 m walking speed, handgrip strength, and body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis will be assessed.Results
Using the EWGSOP algorithm, the prevalence of sarcopenia in an elderly Spanish population will be estimated. In addition, concordance and correlation between the three parameters included in the definition (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) will be analysed, using the different existing cut-off points, and examining the diagnostic accuracy of each. Finally, demographic, anthropometric and functional data that define subjects with sarcopenia will be investigated.Conclusions
The ELLI study should improve knowledge on the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia in older people in our population. 相似文献9.
Background
Frailty is a syndrome with important epidemiological and clinical implications in older adults. One of the most accepted definitions of frailty is that of Fried and Walston, who operationalised it according to five well defined criteria. However, their criteria are not readily applicable in primary care, where practitioners need tools to identify patients who require priority access to more specialised resources. With that objective in mind, our research group published the Frailty Instrument of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI). The present paper reports the results of the Spanish sample.Methods
In the wave 1 of SHARE (2004), the Spanish sample was composed of 1,279 women and 933 men, all living in the community (mean age: 65.6 years). For each sex, a latent class analysis was used to summarise the five (adapted) frailty criteria into three incremental frailty classes. We tested the association of the frailty classes against a biopsychosocial range of wave 1 variables; the predictive validity of the frailty classes was tested using mortality data from the second wave of SHARE (2006-2007), which were available for 846 women and 660 men.Results
The frailty classes had the expected cross-sectional associations. The age-adjusted Odds ratio for mortality (with 95% confidence interval) associated with the frail class was 3.2 (1.0-10.2) for women and 8.3 (3.1-22.1) for men.Discussion
SHARE-FI is a valid and freely accessible instrument, which is intended to facilitate the adoption of the frailty paradigm in primary care. 相似文献10.
Mercedes Díaz-Gegúndez Guillem PaluzieCarme Sanz-Ballester Mercè Boada-MejoranaSusanna Terré-Ohme Dolors Ruiz-Poza 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(5):261
Objectives
This study describes the outcomes of an intervention program in Nursing Homes and their effects on emergency room attendance, hospital admissions, and pharmaceutical expenditure.Material and methods
This involved non-randomised community intervention in Nursing Homes with a control group. The program was implemented gradually from 2007 to 2009 in 10 Nursing Homes (857 beds) which participated voluntarily. The control group consisted of 14 Nursing homes (1,200 beds), which refused to participate or were not assigned to our Primary Care centres. Intervention consisted of comprehensive geriatric assessment and follow-up visits by trained personnel, review and adjustment of drug treatment, case management and staff training.Results
In the Nursing Homes where the program was carried out, emergency room attendance decreased from 1165‰ (95%CI 1100-1240]) in 2006 to 674‰ (95%CI 620-730) in 2009, while in the control group it increased from 1071 (95%CI 1020-1130) to 1246‰ (95%CI 1190-1310). The hospital admissions also decreased from 48.4% (95%CI 45-52) in 2006 to 32.1% (95%CI 29-35) in 2009, while in the control group increased from 43.5% (95%CI 41-46) to 55.8% (95%CI 53-59). There was also a 9% reduction in pharmacy cost compared with an increase of 11.9% in the control group.Conclusions
The intervention has proved effective at reducing hospital admissions and emergency room attendance in institutionalised patients, thereby streamlining pharmacy costs. 相似文献11.
Cristina Buiza Ana NavarroUnai Díaz-Orueta Mari Feli González Javier ÁlabaEnrique Arriola Carmen HernándezAmaia Zulaica José Javier Yanguas 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(3):131
Introduction
The cognitive assessment of patients with advanced dementia needs proper screening instruments that allow obtain information about the cognitive state and resources that these individuals still have. The present work conducts a Spanish validation study of the Severe Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE).Material and methods
Forty-seven patients with advanced dementia (Mini-Cognitive Examination [MEC]<11) were evaluated with the Reisberg's Global Deterioration Scale, MEC, SMMSE and Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile scales.Results
All test items were discriminative. The test showed high internal ( α = 0.88), test-retest (0.64 to 1.00, P < .01) and between observers reliabilities (0.69-1.00, p < 0.01), both for scores total and for each item separately. Construct validity was tested through correlations between the instrument and MEC scores (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). Further information on the construct validity was obtained by dividing the sample into groups that scored above or below 5 points in the MEC and recalculating their correlations with SMMSE. The correlation between the scores in the SMMSE and MEC was significant in the MEC 0-5 group (r = 0.55, P < .05), but not in the MEC>5 group. Additionally, differences in scores were found in the SMMSE, but not in the MEC, between the three GDS groups (5, 6 and 7) (H = 11.1, P < .05).Conclusions
The SMMSE is an instrument for the assessment of advanced cognitive impairment which prevents the floor effect through an extension of lower measurement range relative to that of the MEC.From our results, this rapid screening tool and easy to administer, can be considered valid and reliable. 相似文献12.
José Luis Durán Mariño Francisco Javier Rielo AriasEva Prado Miranda Juan Pena HolguínCarola Rubio Taboada Lucía Martínez Gallego 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(3):121
Introduction
Forty-five per cent of stoke patients have a surgically accessible stenosis. The objective of our study is to describe the response to carotid endarterectomy (EA) in patients of advanced age compared to younger ones.Material and method
Retrospective evaluation of the clinical history of all patients who underwent an endarterectomy in a tertiary hospital between January 1995 and December 2006. The patients were grouped into those 75 years or older and those less than this age. The incidence of peri-operative complications in the first month after surgery, and the long-term mortality was evaluated using a survival analysis.Results
Data were collected on 147 EA in 134 patients of 75 years or more, and on 201 EA in 177 patients less than 75 years-old. The incidence of peri-operative complications was similar in both groups, with a mortality of 2% in the older age group and a stroke incidence of 2.6% (half transient ischaemic accidents). The older patients had a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, with a survival of 86% at one year and 54% at 5 years and with the main cause of death being heart disease.Conclusions
Carotid EA is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of extracranial carotid stenosis in the elderly, having the same peri-operative morbidity and mortality as younger ones. Age must not affect our therapeutic attitude, although an exhaustive cardiology study must be made in the elderly prior to the operation. 相似文献13.
Elisa Frutos Bernal Juan Carlos Martín CorralPurificación Galindo Villardón 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(6):303
Background
The increase in chronic and degenerative diseases in the elderly leads to increased and multiple drug usage, which in turn leads to problems associated with adverse reactions and drug interactions.Material and methods
We analysed the subsample of the National Health Survey 2006, for adults over 65 living in Castile-León (n = 458). Using a logistic regression model and correlation analysis the variables having more influence on polypharmacy were evaluated.Results
A total of 86% of those interviewed claimed to be taking drugs and 93.9% had a chronic illness. The most common health problems included arthrosis, arthritis or rheumatism (53.5%) and hypertension (48.3%), and most frequently used drugs were hypotensives (45%), pain medications (37.1%) and those for rheumatism (21.4%). Both the mean number of illnesses suffered and the drugs consumed are significantly higher in those who claimed to have, “or or fair health, used the health services, had impaired eyesight and hearing, dependent for personal care and domestic tasks, and mobility (P < .05). The variables associated with polypharmacy are three or more chronic diseases (OR = 18.3), regular-poor self perceived health (OR = 3.4) and females (OR = 1.9).Conclusions
Given the magnitude of the problem it would be appropriate to include a review of the medications in health examinations of the elderly, particularly in women older than 75 years, with regular or self-perceived poor health and who have 3 or more diseases. 相似文献14.
P.-Y. Le Roux A. Delluc R. Abgral A. ReffadJ.-C. Cornily S. Querellou F. Couturaud G. Le Gal P.-Y. Salaun 《Médecine Nucléaire》2011,35(4):179-185
Purpose
Association of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and inflammation reported in the literature may allow the use of FDG PET/CT in the detection of thrombotic process. Published studies remain limited and contradictory. The aim was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of FDG PET/CT for the detection of VTE.Patients and methods
Patients included in a prospective study evaluating FDG PET/CT for the detection of malignancy in patients with idiopathic VTE were analysed (MVTEP, PHRC 2008). PET/CT images were interpreted initially without and then retrospectively with knowledge of VTE locations.Results
Hundred and fourteen patients were included in MVTEP study from March 13th 2009 to July 1st 2010. Forty-six patients (median age: 74 years [20-87], 27 males, 19 females) were analysed. No abnormal uptake was initially reported in pulmonary vessels. The retrospective analysis of pulmonary embolism locations did not demonstrate any significant difference in FDG uptake between embolic sites and controlateral vessels (P = 0.883). Initial analysis of lower limbs vessels demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis of 15 and 99%. The metabolic activity of DVT was significantly higher than the activity of controlateral vessels (P < 0.005) but without showing any significant SUV threshold for DVT diagnosis.Conclusion
In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that FDG PET/CT could be accurate in detection of VTE. These results need to be completed in a larger study with shorter delay between VTE and FDG PET/CT. 相似文献15.
Marta Solà Serrabou José Luis López del Amo Oliver Valero 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2014
Introduction
Strength programs have been seen to be useful in minimizing the effects of sarcopenia, although intervention protocols may vary in their content and characteristics. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of a particular strength protocol for the elderly.Material ans methods
A total of 35 individuals took part in the study, with 18 in the exercise group (4 men and 14 women), and 17 in the control group (4 men and 13 women). The average age was 73. The exercise group carried out a strength training program at moderate to high intensity over 24 weeks. Strength was evaluated using the chair stand test, 2-minute step and 2 vertical jumps-squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Falls in both groups were also compared before and after the intervention, as well as their relationship with the chair stand variable.Results
A tendency towards improvement was observed in all tests, with the exception of CMJ; while the control group showed a tendency in the opposite direction. Contrast between the two groups at the end of the intervention was notable in all the tests. An inverse relationship between the chair stand strength variable and the number of falls was evident.Conclusions
According to the results achieved, the training was perceived to exercise a positive influence on both the strength of the elderly people and a reduction of the number of falls. The gap between the two groups widened towards the end of the intervention. 相似文献16.
Pilar Pérez-Ros Francisco Martínez-Arnau Immaculada Tormos Miñana Aranzazu López Aracil M. Carmen Oltra Sanchis Leidy E. Pechene Mera Francisco José Tarazona-Santabalbina 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2014
Objective
To evaluate the results of a fall prevention programme designed to be applied to the elderly living in the community.Material and methods
The sample consisted of 249 participants ≥70 years of age, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The monthly intervention group (GIM): instructions on fall prevention and healthy exercises to improve physical function and balance at beginning of the study, and a monthly theoretical and practical refresher session. The quarterly intervention group (GIT), with the same beginning intervention and a refresher session every three months. The control group (GC), the same beginning intervention but no refresher sessions.Results
The mean age of the sample was 74.47 years (SD 5.33), with 64% women. The incidence of falls was reduced from 0.64 per patient year in the previous year to 0.39 in the post-intervention year in GIM, from 0.49 to 0.47 in GIT, and in the GC it remained at 0.47 before and twelve months after, but with no significant differences in the reduction between groups (P=.062). At the end of the study there was a decrease in Rizzo scale of 0.72 points (95% CI: 0.57-0.88, P<.001).Conclusion
An interdisciplinary community intervention programme can contribute to reducing the incidence of falls. Further studies are required to continue research into the incidence of falls in the elderly living in the community. 相似文献17.
P. Lenfant L. RavasiG. Petyt R. LeboucS. Henry A. PallardyM. Genty G. PetytC. Foucher F. PasquierF. Semah F. Lejeune 《Médecine Nucléaire》2011,35(3):136-145
Introduction
In younger patients, the in vivo clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of the frontotemporal type (FTD) may be cumbersome. The gold standard diagnostic proof is currently still based upon pathology examination. It is crucial to find reliable techniques to make an accurate in vivo diagnosis and to differentiate the etiology of the dementia.Patients and method
Twenty-four patients bearing clinically diagnosed AD (n = 16) and FTD (n = 8) underwent [18F] FDG-PET/CT brain scan. Four nuclear medicine physicians with varying expertise in neuroimaging read each scan according to: visual analysis; automated analysis computed by BRASS® Hermes® software; automated analysis computed by Cortex ID® General Electric® software. Interpretation aimed at assessing the global scan aspect, the cerebral metabolism per hemisphere (in five relevant regions) and the diagnostic degree of confidence. Diagnostic interpretations derived from visual and automated analyses were compared to clinical diagnosis. Inter-observer agreement and Kappa scores were calculated.Results
Kappa analyses showed a gain in diagnostic accuracy for a nonexpert physician, a gain in diagnostic confidence with Cortex ID® and a gain in interobserver diagnostic agreement with BRASS®.Conclusion
Using automated software such as Cortex ID® or BRASS® helps standardizing the interpretation of [18F] FDG distribution pattern in AD or FTD. 相似文献18.
19.
María Ángeles Molina Rocío SchettiniMaría Dolores López-Bravo María Dolores ZamarrónRocío Fernández-Ballesteros 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(6):297