长爪沙鼠种群数量与气象因子的关系

根据内蒙古自治区伊克昭盟鄂托克旗和鄂托克前旗1975—1989年长爪沙鼠密度监测数据和本地区气象站的7项气象因子资料,给出了气象因子与鼠密度的最优回归子集模型和标准回归模型。得到结论:年降水是影响鼠数量变动的最重要的气象因子。求出了年降水与鼠密度的曲线回归模型。     

Experimental infection and adaptation of Rodentolepis nana to the Mongolian jird Meriones unguiculatus

A mouse-derived strain of Rodentolepis ( = Hymenolepis) nana was transferred to the Mongolian jird Meriones unguiculatus. It was found that M. unguiculatus has low susceptibility to R. nana mouse isolates. Likewise, adaptation of the parasite to jird hosts, in the absence of dexamethasone treatment, was not demonstrable, at least during ten-passage trials. Nevertheless, the parasite was able to establish, grow and develop to gravid adults in M. unguiculatus treated daily with dexamethasone. Prepatent periods in dexamethasone-treated jirds in ten-passage series ranged from 10 to 17 days post-infection (DPI), the average being 12 days, and the patent periods lasted from 18 to 30 DPI, with an average of 25 days. The population pattern of faecal egg output in immunosuppressed jirds suggests that under a daily dexamethasone treatment protocol, the parasite is able to maintain egg production as long as treatment is sustained.     

Efficiency of Neopsylla abagaitui fleas as plague vectors in Transbaikalia

Experiments have shown that the block of proventriculus develops in 1.1 to 1.5% of individuals of the flea Neopsylla abagaitui infected with plague microbe. These insects transmit the agent during bloodsucking to different plague carriers (Citellus dauricus, C. undulatus, Meriones unguiculatus, Microtus gregalis). The plague microbe is preserved in fleas for 65 days (the observation period).     

Comparative analysis of structural and functional characteristics of soleus muscle in rats and Mongolian gerbils during gravitational unloading of various duration

A comparative investigation of the dynamics of contractile properties of the whole soleus muscle and its fibers during 3- and 12-day-long hind limb suspension of Wistar rats and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) has been performed. The data obtained indicate that the structural and functional changes caused by hypogravity in gerbils are slowed down compared with rats. A very intensive drop in water containment in gerbils was found, which can cause shifts in the ionic strength of the intracellular space of the muscle fiber. As a result, the photolytic activity of different enzymes may change, which can induce a less pronounced reduction in Z-disc and M-line stiffness and contractile capabilities in gerbils compared to rats.     

House mouse mites infesting laboratory rodents

Liponyssoides sanguineus, principal vector of Rickettsia akari, infested mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) mice (Mus musculus) and laboratory-reared egyptian gerbils (Meriones libycus). Only a few mites were present on each animal and no manifestations of disease were observed. Numerous mites were present in the bedding.     

Niche characteristics of rodents by diverse disturbance in Alashan desert,Inner Mongolia,China

Four diverse disturbance types,namely,farmland,rotationaUy grazed grassland,overgrazed grassland and forbidden grazing grassland,were identified in the Alashan desert region of Inner Mongolia.Rodents were sampled in April,July and October in 2002 and 2003 using the trap-day method.Their spatial and temporal niches among the four disturbance types were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index and the Pianka niche overlap index.The Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index was the highest for Allactaga sibirica and Meriones meridianus (0.925 and 0.908,respectively),intermediate for Cricetulus eversmanni,Phodopus roborovskii and Citellus dauricus (0.789,0.782 and 0.711,respectively),and lowest for Cardiocranius paradoxus (0.003).The Pianka niche overlap indices of six-paired species were the highest and varied from 0.900 to 1.000,suggesting their spatial niche overlapped almost completely.Conversely,the spatial niche overlap index for Meriones unguiculatus,Cardiocranius paradoxus,and Salpingotus kozlovi was zero,thus indicating a complete absence of competition among them.In addition,the temporal niche breadth and overlap indices varied greatly in relation to disturbance types and season.The level of temporal niche overlap in spring and autumn was low while in summer it was high.For all disturbance types and for each season,the temporal niche overlap index of Meriones meridianus and Cricetulus barabansis was always highest but for Meriones unguiculatus and Salpingotus kozlovi always lowest.     

Anticancer agents suppressive for adult parasites of filariasis in Mongolian jirds

Eight chemical structures not previously reported to possess antifilarial activity have been identified. A total of 79 compounds with anticancer properties were evaluated for possible macrofilaricidal activity against Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae transplanted into male Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). All eight active compounds were suppressive for the onchocerciasis type (Acanthocheilonema viteae) of the disease. None was macrofilaricidal for the lymphatic form (Brugia pahangi). These new structures may represent a nucleus around which effective drugs can be synthesized.     

应用马尔可夫链模型预测长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠种群数量

依据1984～2004年21年在呼和浩特郊区对长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)和黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabansis)种群数量动态的调查数据,结合优选法(0.618法),应用加权马尔可夫链预测模型,建立了长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠种群数量预测模型。应用此模型分别预测了长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠2004年的种群数量,预测值与实测值相符,预测准确。同时,预测了未来三年(2005～2007年)长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠的种群数量。结果表明,此方法计算简便、准确、可靠,为鼠类种群数量的预测提供了新的方法。     

Determination of Giardia lamblia cyst infective dose for the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

The purpose of this study was to determine the 50% infective dose for Giardia lamblia (CDC:0284:1) cysts in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The log10 50% infective dose results calculated by probit analysis and the Spearman-Karber method were 2.45 and 2.50, respectively.     

Determination of Giardia lamblia cyst infective dose for the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

The purpose of this study was to determine the 50% infective dose for Giardia lamblia (CDC:0284:1) cysts in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The log10 50% infective dose results calculated by probit analysis and the Spearman-Karber method were 2.45 and 2.50, respectively.     

Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the sulphation of proteoglycans by chondrocytes

An intestinal lipodystrophy induced by dietary fat in female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) was reversed to normal by myo-inositol given in the diet or by injection within 1-4 days. An increase in plasma chylomicron and lipid concentrations was observed before the occurrence of rapid disappearance of accumulated lipids from the intestine. Dietary myo-inositol also caused an increase in triacylglycerol release from everted gut sacs. Thus, myo-inositol might act on the intestine to stimulate the production and secretion of chylomicrons, travelling via the lymphatic pathway into the bloodstream. The activity of pH 9.0 microsomal lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) of gerbil intestine was decreased due to myo-inositol deficiency. The lowered activity could be restored to high levels by feeding of injecting myo-inositol in vivo. A time-course study during intestinal recovery indicates that the increase in microsomal lipase activity correlated with the rapid lipid removal phase of the intestine, but not the initial increase in plasma chylomicron and triacylglycerol concentrations.     

Echinococcus multilocularis--a model for imaging research

Magnetic resonance images of transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections of Meriones unguiculatus abdomens experimentally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis revealed alveolar cyst masses that were especially prominent in the late phase of infection.     

Jolly - Seber 法估算长爪沙鼠种群参数的适用性探讨

以2000 年6 月～10 月群居性长爪沙鼠野生种群的标志重捕资料为依据, 采用Jolly - Seber 模型估算了该鼠种群参数, 结果表明, 长爪沙鼠个体间具等捕性(Leslie 法检验) , 研究期间取样个体的重捕率平均为89.7 %(77.4 % ～ 100 %) ; 参数估计结果具有合理的生物学意义, 认为采用该模型估算长爪沙鼠种群参数是适用的。     

Acid phosphatase activity in gerbil prostate: comparative study in male and female during postnatal development

The prostate is present in both male and female mammals. It is composed of secretory epithelium, connective stroma, smooth muscle and neuroendocrine cells, which are under hormonal regulation. Acid phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of orthophosphate monoesters. We have compared the expression of acid phosphatases in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostate glands in both sexes using young, adult and old animals. Eighteen prostates were isolated, frozen, sectioned, fixed, incubated with sodium beta-glycerophosphate sodium, washed with acetate buffer solution, treated with ammonium sulfide and counterstained with Methyl-Green aqueous solution. Ultracytochemical analyses were also conducted. This substrate revealed total acid phosphatase activity. The expression of the enzyme was heterogeneous, occurring in all ages during postnatal development. The data revealed that the female prostate matured before the male prostate. In addition, acid phosphatase activity in both sexes was regulated by androgen variation concomitant with development.     

Microtubule-like structures in developing oocytes of the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Oocytes of sexually mature Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, of all stages of the estrous cycle were investigated electron-microscopically during folliculogenesis. Oocytes of advanced stages of development contained numerous microtubule-like structures, which ran through the cytoplasm without any preference in direction. Initially they occurred in oocytes of secondary follicles. In the cross-section view they were either round showing an inner diameter of approximately 16 nm, or they were slightly triangle-shaped. Incomplete tubules were also present. The highest organization was found in oocytes of preovulatory follicles, whereas they vanished during atretic processes. A possible role of the tubules during the maturative growth of the oocyte is discussed.     

The development of brood capsules and protoscolices in secondary hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. A histological study.

Using the Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus) as a laboratory host for the cystic stage of the British horse strain of Echinococcus granulosus, the mode of development of brood capsules and protoscolices was studied histologically. The successive stages in development in secondary hydatid cysts are described and shown to correspond closely with previous observations on primary hydatid cysts. The usefulness of this experimental model for future ultrastructural studies is emphasized.     

Scanning electron microscope studies of Echinococcus multilocularis cysts (author's transl)]

In the present paper, morphologic studies on experimental echinococcosis are reported. Following i.p. infection of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with Echinococcus multilocularis scolices, the development of cysts within the internal organs of the experimental animals could be readily visualized by scanning electron microscopy.     

降水与长爪沙鼠种群数量关系

根据１９８１－１９９３年内蒙古鄂尔多斯荒漠草原年降水和四季降水、长爪沙鼠Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ ｕｎｇｕｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ年均密度、４－５、１０－１１月密度监测资料,利用多元回归分析方法,得到如下结论：（１）年降水量,特别是夏季降水量,是影响鼠密度的一个主要因素,其标准回归系数关系方程为：（年均密度）＇＝０．６０６６（年降水量）＇（Ｐ〈０．０５）ＮＭｓｐｒ＇＝０．２０５５Ｒｓｐｒ＇＋０．５３１２Ｒｓｕｍ＇     

Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the brain cortex and hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils after global ischemia and reperfusion injuries

Cerebral ischemia results in severe derangements of energy metabolism in the nervous tissue including activation of glycolytic pathway. Activity of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the specific brain structures remains unclear. The recent study was aimed at investigation into the LDH activity in the cytoplasm of both hippocampal and cortical neurons in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) at different durations of reperfusion after global ischemia. Analysis showed that the activity of LDH in pyramidal neurons of various hippocampal areas and neurons of II, III and V cortical layers after 7-minute forebrain ischemia depended on both localization of the neurons and duration ofreperfusion. In general, the changes in postischemic cytosolic LDH activity include significant decrease in the LDH activity 2 days after reperfusion with varying degree of recovery on day 7 of reperfusion.     

长爪沙鼠在作物秋收期的行为适应特征及其生态治理对策

采用标志重捕方法并结合挖仓及相应的洞口研究了长爪沙鼠（Meriones unguicu-latus)在作物秋收期的行为适应特征,并通过田间他隔实验获得了长爪沙鼠季节性迁移的直接证据。研究结果表明,在作物秋收期该鼠具有特征性贮食活动,其贮食种类及贮食量随田间收割和运场进度的不同而有明显差异。且此期生境迁移明显,显示主动迁移和胁迫迁移两类空间行为模式。这些适应性行为特征与秋收期农田种子资源及其可获得性的变化及农业措施密切相关。据此,结合当地秋收期的农作措施,着重从干扰长爪沙鼠贮食行为及控制冬贮种子资源量的途径,提出以行为管理为主的生态治理对策。