钩端螺旋体外膜疫苗的反应性和免疫效果研究

对国内首次研制的钩端螺旋体外膜疫苗接种人体的反应性,血清学效果和流行病学效果进行研究。先后对两价（含黄疸出血群赖型,七日热群七日热型）,三价（含黄疸出血群赖型,七日热群七日热型,流感伤寒群流感伤寒型,五价（含黄疸出血群赖型,七日热群七日热型,流感伤寒群流感伤寒型,秋季热群秋季热型,犬群犬型）外膜疫苗,菌体疫苗和安慰剂,分组进行全身和局部反应观察;并以显微镜凝集试验测定各型抗体;对两价外膜疫苗进行流行病学保护效果考核。结果两价和多价钩体外膜疫苗反应轻微,安全性良好;血清学效果显示,抗体阳转率和滴度均高于同期相应菌体疫苗诱导的同型抗体水平2倍以上,提示外膜疫苗有较好的免疫原性,流行病学效果在湖北省荆州和石首两市考核,按血清学阳性病例统计,其保护率可达95．57％以上。说明上述疫苗性质稳定,反应轻微,安全性良好,血清学效果理想,两价疫苗有较好的保护效果,可以逐步推广应用。     

Effect of histamine on the rosette-forming capacity of T-lymphocytes in immunization with ADPT vaccine and its components

The results obtained in the study of the influence of histamine on the capacity of T-lymphocytes of guinea pigs immunized with DPT-vaccine and its components for spontaneous rosette formation are presented. Histamine at a concentration of 10(-3) M has been found to inhibit the capacity of blood and splenic lymphocytes of guinea pigs immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine for spontaneous rosette formation. The inhibitory effect is more pronounced after the immunization of the animals with adsorbed DPT vaccine and Bordetella pertussis suspension.     

Criteria for selection of HIV vaccine candidates--general principles

The generation of a vaccine against HIV/AIDS is extremely challenging, as evidenced by more than 20 years of attempts. Here are highlighted the strategies adopted within the AIDS Vaccine Integrated project (AVIP) to speed up the clinical evaluation of novel vaccine candidates and to increase the chances to get an effective preventive and/or therapeutic vaccine.     

Safety and reactogenicity of a group-A meningoccal polysaccharide vaccine for children 5 to 14

The safety and reactogenicity of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine prepared at the G. N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow) and intended for the immunization of children aged 5-14 years were studied. The data obtained in this study made it possible to characterize the preparation as safe and mildly reactogenic. Shifts in the blood formula registered 24 hours after the injection of the vaccine remained within the limits of physiological fluctuations. Subfebrile temperature persisting for 2 days was registered in some of the children aged 5-8 years. Local reaction in the form of hyperemia at the site of injection was insignificant. The optimum vaccination dose will be determined on the basis of the whole complex of the data presented in this work, as well as the data on the immunological activity of the preparation.     

The reactogenicity and immunological efficacy of a Klebsiella vaccine in donors

Klebsiella vaccine, when injected subcutaneously to donors, proved to be faintly reactogenic and safe. The injection of the vaccine had no effect on changes in the morphological composition of peripheral blood and on liver function. In persons with the initially low content of IgG an increase in this characteristic was observed after immunization. No changes in the synthesis of IgE occurred in healthy donors under the influence of immunization. The vaccine was shown to be immunogenic when introduced according to immunization schedules comprising 3 and 5 injections, the titer of Klebsiella antibodies increasing 3- to 5-fold.     

A comparative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of ADPT vaccine and ADT-M anatoxin in the immunization of children against diphtheria and tetanus

Comparative study of the immunological effectiveness of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine and adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen content (adsorbed DT toxoid R) in the immunization of children, carried out in accordance with the vaccination schedule, was made. Immune response to the injection of adsorbed DPT vaccine was higher than after immunization with adsorbed DT toxoid R, as evidenced by antibody titers. It was probably due to differences in the number of injections constituting the course of immunization: it consisted of 3 injections and 1 booster injection for adsorbed DPT vaccine and 2 injections and 1 booster injection for adsorbed DT toxoid R. Immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine produced immunity which was retained for a longer period. These results are indicative of the expediency of the primary immunization of children with adsorbed DT toxoid R introduced in three injections in order to ensure more stable and prolonged postvaccinal (mainly antidiphtheria) immunity.     

Criteria for the assessment of radon potential risk in territories

The detailed analysis of criteria used in the different countries for an assessment of radon potential risk in territories was made. Such criteria as radon flux density from earth surface, radon concentration in soil air, specific activity of 226Ra in superficial soils were chosen. The analysis has revealed that the most reliable criterion is the value of equilibrium radon concentration in the soil air. The method of measurement of this value is specified.     

The evaluation of the reactogenicity and immunogenic activity of a new concentrated inactivated leptospirosis vaccine

In the controlled field trial the reactogenicity, safety and antigenic activity of a new concentrated inactivated leptospirosis vaccine after its administration in one and two injections of 0.5 ml were studied in comparison with those of the existing commercial vaccine, introduced in two injections in doses of 2.0 and 2.5 ml. The new experimental vaccine exhibited low reactogenicity and was found to be safe and highly immunogenic when introduced in a single injection of 0.5 ml. As shown in this trial, the immunogenic characteristics of immunization made in a single injection were not inferior than those obtained as the result of immunization made in two injections, yielding high percentage of seroconversions (89.8% to 98.3%) with respect to 4 Leptospira serogroups and leading to the production of the protective titers of corresponding antibodies. The existing commercial vaccine was inferior to the experimental one in antigenic activity (the frequency of seroconversions, antibody titers). The results of the trial make it possible to recommend the experimental concentrated leptospirosis vaccine for use in medical practice in a dose of 0.5 ml introduced in a single injection.     

Antigenic activity and the reactogenicity of UV ray-inactivated antirabies vaccine from the brain of sheep]

Tests in volunteers showed that the reactogenicity of rabies vaccine prepared from sheep brain and inactivated with ultraviolet rays was not greater than the reactogenicity of Fermi vaccine. At the same time it was found to have a higher activity when injected both in the form of 5% suspension (in full and decreased doses) and with brain tissue content as low as 2.5%.     

A new 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine: immunogenicity and reactogenicity in adults

A 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine containing 25 micrograms of each polysaccharide was administered to 30 healthy adults. Adverse reactions were always mild, consisting only of local pain and erythema in most subjects. Pre- and four weeks post-vaccination sera were analysed by radioimmunoassay. Geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios were between 2.3 and 14.3 (overall mean X 5.7) according to type. A level of 300 ng of antibody N/ml, the supposedly protective level, was achieved in at least 86.6% of the subjects for all the serotypes.     

Antigenic activity and the reactogenicity of a concentrated, purified, UV-inactivated cultured rabies vaccine

The results of the study of concentrated, purified, UV-inactivated cell-culture rabies vaccine, obtained from strain Vnukovo-22, passage 33-40, in the primary culture of Syrian hamster kidney cells, demonstrated the pronounced antigenic potency of this vaccine: when introduced intramuscularly in 3-4 injections at certain intervals, it induced the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in high titers. In tests on volunteers the vaccine proved to be nonreactogenic.     

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the Urabe Am 9 live mumps vaccine and persistence of vaccine induced antibodies in healthy young children

The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the Urabe Am 9 mumps virus vaccine strain were studied after the administration of different doses of the vaccine to 197 children ranging in age from seven and a half months to nine years and without a history of mumps. There was no effect of dose on the response in serum neutralizing antibodies in the range of 10(2.9) to 10(4.7) TCID50/dose. In the 90 subjects without detectable serum neutralization antibodies before vaccination seroconversion was obtained in 94.4% after 42 days. Half of a group of 34 seropositive children who were tested also showed a fourfold or greater rise in antibodies. Persistence of vaccine-enhanced haemagluttinin-inhibition (EHI) antibodies was satisfactory as only two of 46 vaccinees followed-up for between 27 and 32 months had undetectable levels of EHI antibodies and the geometric mean titre of vaccine-induced EHI antibodies had only fallen to about one-third by 32 months after vaccination. Although there was serological evidence of a subclinical re-infection in three subjects, to date none of the vaccinees has had clinical mumps indicating that the vaccine confers protection against disease. The vaccine was well tolerated. Furthermore, the majority of the few 'reactions' reported were probably not vaccine-related. It is concluded that the Urabe Am 9 is an acceptable strain for use in live mumps vaccines.