The functional analysis of transiently upregulated miR-101 suggests a “braking” regulatory mechanism during myogenesis

Skeletal muscle differentiation is a highly coordinated process that involves many cellular signaling pathways and micro RNAs(mi RNAs). A group of muscle-specific mi RNAs has been reported to promote myogenesis by suppressing key signaling pathways for cell growth. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanism of most non-muscle-specific mi RNAs with stage-specific changes during differentiation are largely unclear. Here, we describe the functional characterization of mi R-101 a/b, a pair of non-muscle-specific mi RNAs that show the largest change among a group of transiently upregulated mi RNAs during myogenesis in C2 C12 cells. The overexpression of mi R-101 a/b inhibits myoblast differentiation by suppressing the p38/MAPK,Interferon Gamma, and Wnt pathways and enhancing the C/EBP pathway. Mef2 a, a key protein in the p38/MAPK pathway, was identified as a direct target of mi R-101 a/b. Interestingly, we found that the long non-coding RNA(lnc RNA) Malat1, which promotes muscle differentiation, interacts with mi R-101 a/b, and this interaction competes with Mef2 a m RNA to relieve the inhibition of the p38/MAPK pathway during myogenesis. These results uncovered a "braking" role in differentiation of transiently upregulated mi RNAs and provided new insights into the competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA) regulatory mechanism in myoblast differentiation and myogenesis.     

胃癌组织miR-203、miR-4317的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨胃癌组织中微小核糖核酸(miR)-203、miR-4317的表达情况及其临床意义.方法:选择2014年1月至2016年12月我院收治的胃癌患者92例,应用实时定量荧光PCR(qRT-PCR)检测患者胃癌组织及其相应癌旁组织中miR-203、miR-4317的表达情况,分析miR-203、miR-4317表达与...     

Roles of the canonical myomiRs mi R-1,-133 and-206 in cell development and disease

Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in different biological processes, providing subtle combinational regulation of cellular pathways, often by regulating components of signalling pathways. Aberrant expression of mi RNAs is an important factor in the development and progression of disease. The canonical myomi Rs(mi R-1,-133 and-206) are central to the development and health of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscles, but new findings show they have regulatory roles in the development of other mammalian non-muscle tissues, including nerve, brain structures, adipose and some specialised immunological cells. Moreover, the deregulation of myomi R expression is associated with a variety of different cancers, where typically they have tumor suppressor functions, although examples of an oncogenic role illustrate their diverse function in different cell environments. This review examines the involvement of the related myomi Rs at the crossroads between cell development/tissue regeneration/tissue inflammation responses, and cancer development.     

Gfra1 silencing in mouse spermatogonial stem cells results in their differentiation via the inactivation of RET tyrosine kinase

Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatogonial stem cells divide and differentiate into sperm. The role of growth factor receptors in regulating self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells remains largely unclear. This study was designed to examine Gfra1 receptor expression in immature and adult mouse testes and determine the effects of Gfra1 knockdown on the proliferation and differentiation of type A spermatogonia. We demonstrated that GFRA1 was expressed in a subpopulation of spermatogonia in immature and adult mice. Neither Gfra1 mRNA nor GFRA1 protein was detected in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. GFRA1 and POU5F1 (also known as OCT4), a marker for spermatogonial stem cells, were co-expressed in a subpopulation of type A spermatogonia from 6-day-old mice. In addition, the spermatogonia expressing GFRA1 exhibited a potential for proliferation and the ability to form colonies in culture, which is a characteristic of stem cells. RNA interference assays showed that Gfra1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) knocked down the expression of Gfra1 mRNA and GFRA1 protein in type A spermatogonia. Notably, the reduction of Gfra1 expression by Gfra1 siRNAs induced a phenotypic differentiation, as evidenced by the elevated expression of KIT, as well as the decreased expression of POU5F1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, Gfra1 silencing resulted in a decrease in RET phosphorylation. Taken together, these data indicate that Gfra1 is expressed dominantly in mouse spermatogonial stem cells and that Gfra1 knockdown leads to their differentiation via the inactivation of RET tyrosine kinase, suggesting an essential role for Gfra1 in spermatogonial stem cell regulation.     

5-氮杂胞苷对T淋巴细胞Jurkat miR-126及IFN-γ、GATA3、ROR-γ、Foxp3表达的影响

目的:探究甲基化酶抑制剂5-氮杂胞苷(5-azacytidin,5-aza)对T淋巴细胞(Jurkat)mi R-126、Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg细胞亚群及因子IFN-γ、GATA3、ROR-γ和Foxp3的调控作用。方法:采用不同浓度5-aza干预T淋巴细胞,24 h、48 h后检测其对细胞增殖抑制作用;实时荧光定量PCR、Western Blot检测5-aza干预后mi R-126表达水平以及IFN-γ、GATA3、ROR-γ和Foxp3的m RNA及蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测5-aza干预后Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg细胞亚群分化比例。结果:甲基化酶抑制剂干预T淋巴细胞后,细胞抑制率随5-aza浓度增大及作用时间延长呈递增趋势(P<0.01);细胞抑制率在24 h、48 h,低、中、高浓度下分别为(14.73±0.93)%、(32.67±8.40)%、(60.87±5.78)%以及(18.98±0.73)%、(39.80±8.42)%、(64.11±6.04)%;抑制率在24 h与48 h之间无差异(P>0.05)。甲基化酶抑制剂干预后mi R-126表达降低(P<0.01);IFN-γ蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)、Th1细胞亚群数目降低(P<0.01);GATA3 m RNA和蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)、Th2细胞亚群数目增加(P<0.01);ROR-γ蛋白表达降低(P>0.05)、Th17细胞亚群数目降低(P<0.05);Foxp3 m RNA和蛋白表达升高(P>0.05)、Treg细胞亚群数目增加(P<0.05)。结论:甲基化酶抑制剂可以下调Jurkat细胞mi R-126基因表达;下调Th1、Th17细胞亚群分化,上调Th2、Treg细胞亚群分化;调控细胞因子IFN-γ、GATA3、ROR-γ和Foxp3的表达。     

抑郁症患者血清miR-135a、miR-221表达水平与认知功能、事件相关电位P300和炎症细胞因子的相关性分析

目的:探讨抑郁症患者血清微小核糖核酸(mi R)-135a、mi R-221表达水平与认知功能、事件相关电位P300和炎症细胞因子的相关性。方法:选择2019年1月至2021年1月我院收治的216例抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和同期于我院体检的200例健康志愿者(对照组)。检测血清mi R-135a、mi R-221表达水平及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估认知功能。采用全功能肌电诱发电位仪检测P3潜伏期和P3波幅。Pearson相关性分析mi R-135a、mi R-221表达水平与MoCA评分、MMSE评分、IL-6,hs-CRP,TNF-α、P3潜伏期和P3波幅的相关性。结果:抑郁症组血清mi R-221表达水平、P3潜伏期,血清IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平高于对照组(P<0.05),mi R-135a表达水平、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、P3波幅低于对照组(P<0.05)。mi R-221表达水平与P3潜伏期,血清IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与MMSE评分、MoCA评分、P3波幅呈负相关(P<0.05);mi R-135a表达水平与P3潜伏期,血清IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与MMSE评分、MoCA评分、P3波幅呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者血清mi R-135a表达水平降低,mi R-221表达水平增高,mi R-135a低表达和mi R-221高表达与抑郁症患者认知功能降低、机体炎症反应有关。     

Identification of microRNAs in rice root in response to nitrate and ammonium

Nitrate and ammonium are two major nitrogen(N) sources for higher plants,but they differ in utilization and signaling.Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) play an essential role in N signal transduction;however,knowledge remains limited about the regulatory role of mi RNAs responsive to different N sources,especially in crop plants.To get global overview on mi RNAs involved in N response in rice,we performed high-throughput small RNA-sequencing under different nitrate and ammonium treatments.The results demonstrated that only 16 and 11 mi RNAs were significantly induced by nitrate and ammonium under short-term treatment,respectively.However,60 differentially expressed mi RNAs were found between nitrate and ammonium under long-term cultivation.These results suggested that mi RNA response greatly differentiates between nitrate and ammonium treatments.Furthermore,44 mi RNAs were found to be differentially expressed between high-and low-N conditions.Our study reveals comprehensive expression profiling of mi RNAs responsive to different N sources and different N treatments,which advances our understanding on the regulation of different N signaling and homeostasis mediated by mi RNAs.     

MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Demyelination-Related Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that consist of about 22 nucleotides and play critical roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, some specific miRNA, such as miR-219, miR-138, miR-9, miR-23, and miR-19b were found to participate in the regulation of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin maintenance, as well as in the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and leukodystrophy). These miRNAs control their target mRNA or regulate the protein levels of some signaling pathways, and participate in OL differentiation and the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases. During pathologic processes, the expression levels of specific miRNAs are dynamically altered. Therefore, miRNAs act as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of defects in OL differentiation and demyelination-related diseases, and they can provide potential targets for therapeutic drug development.     

Gonadotropin-Activated Androgen-Dependent and Independent Pathways Regulate Aquaporin Expression during Teleost (Sparus aurata) Spermatogenesis

The mediation of fluid homeostasis by multiple classes of aquaporins has been suggested to be essential during spermatogenesis and spermiation. In the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), seven distinct aquaporins, Aqp0a, -1aa, -1ab, -7, -8b, -9b and -10b, are differentially expressed in the somatic and germ cell lineages of the spermiating testis, but the endocrine regulation of these channels during germ cell development is unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vivo developmental expression of aquaporins in the seabream testis together with plasma androgen concentrations. We then examined the in vitro regulatory effects of recombinant piscine gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating (rFsh) and luteinizing (rLh) hormones, and sex steroids on aquaporin mRNA levels during the spermatogenic cycle. During the resting phase, when plasma levels of androgens were low, the testis exclusively contained proliferating spermatogonia expressing Aqp1ab, whereas Aqp10b and -9b were localized in Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. At the onset of spermatogenesis and during spermiation, the increase of androgen plasma levels correlated with the additional appearance of Aqp0a and -7 in Sertoli cells, Aqp0a in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, Aqp1ab, -7 and -10b from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, and Aqp1aa and -8b in spermatids and spermatozoa. Short-term in vitro incubation of testis explants indicated that most aquaporins in Sertoli cells and early germ cells were upregulated by rFsh and/or rLh through androgen-dependent pathways, although Aqp1ab in proliferating spermatogonia was also activated by estrogens. However, expression of Aqp9b in Leydig cells, and of Aqp1aa and -7 in spermatocytes and spermatids, was also directly stimulated by rLh. These results reveal a complex gonadotropic control of aquaporin expression during seabream germ cell development, apparently involving both androgen-dependent and independent pathways, which may assure the fine tuning of aquaporin-mediated fluid secretion and absorption mechanisms in the seabream testis.     

Expression patterns of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoforms in vascular endothelial cells.

Expression patterns of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) isoforms were studied in endothelial cells at the mRNA level by ratio RT-PCR technique and subsequent restriction-enzyme analysis. Three types of cells have been used in the present study: rat adrenal medulla microvascular endothelial cells (RAMEC), rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our data show the presence of multiple SERCA and IP3R isoforms in each type of endothelial cells. Freshly isolated HUVEC were an exception in this respect since they contained only SERCA3 without SERCA2b messengers. The expression patterns changed upon cell proliferation: SERCA3 and IP3R-1 messengers decreased, while IP3R-3 increased with culturing. Upon cell differentiation, induced by culturing the cells on Matrigel, the expression pattern of the IP3R changed even further in all endothelial cell types: IP3R-1 was reduced in all three cell kinds, while IP3R-3 raised significantly in RAEC and RAMEC. In HUVEC the expression of SERCA returned, upon differentiation, to the levels observed in the freshly isolated cells. Thus, the plasticity of expression of various SERCA and IP3R isoforms shows that possibly different Ca2+ pools may play distinct roles in cell proliferation and differentiation.     

miR-93-5p通过靶向CDKN1A促进多囊卵巢综合征颗粒样瘤细胞KGN的生长增殖

目的:验证CDKN1A是miR-93-5p直接调控的靶基因,阐明miR-93-5p可通过靶向CDKN1A促进人卵巢颗粒样肿瘤细胞系KGN的生长增殖.方法:选取我院2016年6月-2019年6月期间确诊的40例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者作为研究对象,qRT-PCR检测PCOS病变卵巢组织和病灶旁正常卵巢组织(对照)中...