布依族人手的应用人类学研究

本文探讨了布依族人手的形态特征, 为体质人类学积累资料和整形外科、机械设备、工具制造、手防护用具等设计提供形态学依据。采用国际通用的手部测量方法, 测量了312名(男153,女159) 布依族人手44项指标。所测数据均为男性大于女性(P<0.01), 测量项目右侧大于左侧的男性为75%, 女性为81.82%; 手形厚度、围度、长度和宽度差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01); 掌指数男性为96.56、女性为93.84, 手指数男性为46.12、女性为45.66。结果表明, 布依族人手形态具有左右侧非对称性和明显的性别差异; 手型呈短宽型, 指型呈短粗型。     

人体鼻咽组织的时间分辨自体荧光光谱研究

实验研究了在397 nm半导体脉冲激光激发下,人体离体鼻咽正常和癌变组织在600 nm荧光发射波长处的时间分辨自体荧光光谱特性。利用双指数衰减方程对时间分辨自体荧光光谱进行拟合后,获得相应的荧光强度随时间的指数衰减方程以及荧光平均寿命。人体鼻咽癌变和正常组织在600 nm处的自体荧光平均寿命分别为(2.94±0.51)ns和(4.29±0.71)ns,两者之间存在显著的差异。应用时间分辨光谱技术的诊断灵敏度和特异性分别为75%和100%。初步表明了时间分辨自体荧光光谱在早期鼻咽癌诊断的应用价值,该方法可望与传统的稳态荧光光谱结合起来,进一步提高早期鼻咽癌荧光诊断的准确率。     

State Classification and Motion Description for the Lower Extremity Exoskeleton SJTU-EX

A lower extremity exoskeleton, SJTU-EX, is proposed, which mainly aims to help soldiers and workers to support a payload in motions. To solve the issues of the exoskeleton-environment and exoskeleton-human interactions, four types of foot contact are proposed based on their different kinematic characteristics. By the combination of single leg states, sixteen exo- skeleton states are presented using a series of meaningful notations from the topological point of view. The generalized function set （GF set） theory is employed to achieve the kinematic characteristics of the end effectors in different states. Moreover six mathematical formulations of the dynamics of the exoskeleton and its interactions with the human wearer are developed for different exoskeleton states. The applicability and potential of the proposed classification method are demonstrated by analyzing common lower limb motions, which are described concisely by a sequence of notations. Finally, a new concept of characteristic state is put forward to uniquely indicate the type of motion.     

A New Design of Mental State Classification for Subject Independent BCI Systems

BackgroundBrain Computer Interface (BCI) systems have been widely used to develop sustainable assistive technology for people suffering from neurological impairments. A major limitation of current BCI systems is that they are based on Subject-dependent (SD) concept. The SD based BCI system is time consuming and inconvenient for physical or mental disables people and also not suitable for limited computer resources. In order to overcome these problems, recently subject-independent (SI) based BCI concept has been introduced to identify mental states of motor disabled people but the expected outcome of the SI based BCI has not been achieved yet. Hence this paper intends to present an efficient scheme for SI based BCI system. The goal of this research is to develop a method for classifying mental states which can be used by any user. For attaining this target, this study employs a supervised spatial filtering method with four types of feature extraction methods including Katz Fractal Dimension, Sub band Energy, Log Variance and Root Mean Square (RMS) and finally the obtained features are used as input to Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification model for identifying mental states for SI BCI system.ResultsThe performance of the proposed design is evaluated in several ways such as considering different time window length; different frequency bands; different number of channels. The mean classification accuracy using Katz feature is 84.35% which is the maximum output compare to other features that outperforms the existing methods.ConclusionsOur proposed design will help to make a new technology for development of real-time SI based BCI systems that can be more supportive for the motor disabled patients.     

Human Neurophysiological State in Long-term Isolation

During 520-day isolation in a confined space as an imitation of a long-term interplanetary flight, the neurofunctional condition of six crew members was examined using synchronous recording of electrical ( electroencephalogram) and energy (constant potential level) activities of the brain. Two background studies made it possible to predict high adaptability level of all crewmembers and low probability of adaptation reserve depletion in the course of the experiment. During isolation, the dynamics of neurofunctional correlates of cerebral activity generally corresponded to factors to which the crew was subjected during its activity. During the events significant for the crew, we observed physiological reactions in both metabolic and electrical activities of the brain. During the 54th week, the state of physiological adaptation of the crew to the experimental environment was observed, which was expressed in decreases in constant potential level (CPL), without interhemispheric asymmetry, and absolute α-power value. Throughout the experiment, none of crewmembers exhibited distinct stress reaction signs (α-activity asymmetry accompanied by a significant CPL decrease), which confirmed our prediction of a low probability of adaptation reserve depletion in the participants of the 520-day isolation study.