高脂饮食中添加短链菊粉对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:探究高脂饮食中添加短链菊粉对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:选择8周龄雄性小鼠,5只喂食高脂饲料,5只喂食10%菊粉复合型高脂饲料,喂食8周后收集小鼠粪便,检测小鼠粪便中三种主要的短链脂肪酸。同时,提取小鼠粪便中的细菌基因组,对菌群基因组16S rRNA基因V4高变区进行测序,对数据进行PCoA分析、Alpha多样性分析、LEfSe分析和16S功能预测。结果:菊粉添加后,小鼠粪便中含有的细菌DNA量增多,短链脂肪酸增加。菊粉组和对照组PCoA图可以看到明显聚类。菊粉组物种多样性低于对照组。菊粉组小鼠粪便中S24_7菌科丰度上升;Lachnospiraceae(毛螺菌科),Ruminococcaceae(瘤胃菌科)和Deferribacteraceae(脱铁杆菌科)丰度下降。16S基因功能预测发现22个第二层级的KEGG通路发生变化。结论:高脂饮食情况下短链菊粉的添加会改变小鼠肠道菌群,继而影响肠道菌群的功能。     

长短链菊粉对抗生素诱导肠道菌群紊乱小鼠调节作用的研究

目的采用头孢曲松钠诱发小鼠肠道菌群紊乱建立模型,观察不同剂量长短链菊粉对抗生素诱导的肠道菌群紊乱小鼠的调节作用。方法 2g/(kg·d)头孢曲松钠灌胃小鼠,连续8d,诱导小鼠肠道菌群紊乱,然后将菌群紊乱小鼠分为低剂量短链菊粉处理组、高剂量短链菊粉处理组、低剂量长链菊粉处理组、高剂量长链菊粉处理组和自然恢复组,连续处理2周,采用PCR-DGGE和菌落计数的方法观察各组小鼠肠道菌群的恢复情况。结果抗生素处理后,小鼠肠道菌群与正常小鼠相比具有显著差异,菌群条带数明显减少(P0.05),有益菌肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和消化球菌含量明显减少(P0.05),条件致病菌葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌含量明显增多(P0.05);经菊粉处理后,小鼠的肠道菌群恢复效果明显好于自然恢复组(P0.05),其中长链菊粉处理组优于短链菊粉处理组,且高剂量长链菌粉处理组恢复程度优于低剂量长链处理组。结论菊粉能够有效调节抗生素引起的肠道菌群紊乱,而长链菊粉的调节作用优于短链菊粉,且高剂量更有效。     

抗生素伴侣调节小鼠肠道菌群作用的研究

抗生素伴侣是我院最近研制的一种有生理活性的新型微生态制剂。它作为抗生素治疗的辅助制剂 ,可预防和治疗抗生素引起的人体肠道内菌群失调。长期以来 ,在治疗细菌感染时 ,习惯上使用抗用素。抗用素虽然对治疗各种细菌引起的感染十分有效 ,但也引起一系列的副作用。抗生素在抑制或杀死致病菌的同时 ,也抑杀了人体正常菌群 ,使正常的肠菌群失去平衡 ,影响人体的正常功能 ,而且极易引起二次感染 ,特别是对老年及儿童的影响较大 ,目前由于滥用抗生素所造成的严重后果 ,愈来愈受到人们的重视 [1 - 3 ] 。但抗生素由于其目前无法替代的巨大作用决…     

抗生素对新生儿肠道菌群影响的初步研究

本文采用肠道菌群定量定性分析法,利用用药前后的自身对照,研究了静脉应用氨苄青霉素加青霉素的先锋铋对30例足月、患非肠道感染性疾病的新生儿肠道菌群的干扰,结果表明:两组抗生素均造成新生儿肠道菌群紊乱。氨苄青霉素加青霉素使肠杆菌科细菌明显增加,其他细菌无显著变化,优势菌由乳杆菌变为肠杆菌,腹泻率26.7％,菌群失调程度Ⅰ°—Ⅱ°;先锋铋使正常肠菌群成员显著减少,仅酵母菌过盛繁殖,成为优势菌,腹泻率53.3％,菌群失调程度多为Ⅰ°—Ⅱ°。部分Ⅲ°。     

中药91－4对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道膜菌群及腔菌群的影响

本实验以肠道菌群检测与电镜观察法,初步研究了中药９１－４对抗生素相关性腹泻（ＡＡＤ）小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,盐酸林可霉素对小鼠肠道膜菌群、腔菌群干扰显著,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠杆菌等比正常对照组明显减少,致小鼠腹泻或肠炎;中药９１－４能够促进肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等生长繁殖,对肠道膜菌群、腔菌群均具有调整作用,加速肠粘膜病变的愈合及修复,可有效地控制ＡＡＤ模型小鼠的腹泻症状。     

抗生素对小鼠菌群失调腹泻肠道菌群多样性的影响

目的探讨菌群失调腹泻抗生素造模对小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响,为临床用药提供依据。方法运用混合抗生素建立小鼠菌群失调腹泻模型,采集肠道内容物,提取肠道微生物宏基因组,通过特定引物PCR扩增后进行扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析(Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis,ARDRA)探讨其多样性的变化。结果正常组和模型组细菌的OTUs数为6、5,乳酸杆菌的OTUs数为6、4;模型组细菌和乳酸杆菌的多样性同正常组比较分别为59.91%、40.00%。结论抗生素造模使得肠道内的微生态平衡被破坏,肠道菌群多样性下降。     

中药91—4对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道膜菌群及腔菌群的影响

本实验以肠道菌检测与电镜观察法,初步研究了中药９１－４对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,盐酸林可霉素对小鼠肠道膜菌群、腔菌群干扰显著、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠杆菌等比正常对照组明显减少,致小鼠腹泻或肠炎;中药９１－４能够促进肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等生长繁殖,对肠道膜菌群、腔菌群均具有调整作用,加速肠粘膜病变的愈合及修复,可有效地控制ＡＡＤ模型小鼠的腹泻症状。     

采用高通量测序技术研究抗生素对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨不同浓度抗生素对小鼠肠道菌群多样性和结构的影响,并预测相关功能变化。方法 15只SPF级ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、低浓度抗生素组和高浓度抗生素组,连续灌胃5 d后,采集小鼠新鲜粪便样本。利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台,对细菌的16S rRNA V3‒V4区进行高通量测序,并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 高、低浓度抗生素组小鼠肠道菌群组成与正常组存在明显差异。与正常组相比,高剂量组小鼠肠道肠球菌属、志贺埃希菌属相对丰度显著升高（t=‒2.71,P=0.026;t=‒2.30,P<0.05）;分节丝状菌属、拟普雷沃菌属相对丰度显著降低（t=2.88,P=0.020;t=2.49,P=0.037）,理研菌属极显著降低（t=3.79,P=0.005）。低剂量组小鼠肠道菌群变形菌纲成为优势菌,芽胞杆菌属、粪球菌_2、苏黎世杆菌属、普雷沃菌属_2、普雷沃菌属_7、志贺埃希菌属、沙雷菌属和放线菌属等相对丰度显著升高（均P<0.05）;梭杆菌属、泛菌属极显著升高（t=‒3.19,P=0.013;t=‒3.50,P=0.008）;分节丝状菌属、理研菌属相对丰度显著降低（t=2.69,P=0.028;t=2.33,P=0.048）。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示,抗生素组显著增加人类疾病、细胞过程和环境信息处理功能层的基因拷贝数,显著降低有机系统、遗传信息处理和代谢功能层的基因拷贝数。结论 广谱抗生素能破坏小鼠肠道的微生态平衡,有必要深入研究抗生素对心血管、免疫性、感染性及神经退行性疾病发展的潜在作用。     

抗生素与肠道菌群及难辨梭菌的关系

抗生素与肠道菌群及难辨梭菌的关系大连医科大学附属二院呼吸内科大连１１６０２３刘宇,顾俊明从１９４０年青霉素Ｇ应用于临床以来,抗生素的研制和临床使用突飞猛进地发展［１］。据１９９０年世界卫生组织（Ｗ．Ｈ．Ｏ）的一项调查表明,抗生素已经成为医院内应用具广...     

螺旋藻对抗生素脱污染小鼠肠道菌群的影响

现在临床上大量应用抗生素及激素疗法、免疫抑制疗法、细胞毒素药物、同位素照射等的应用,在治疗疾病的同时也给患者造成了菌群失调,现国内多采用活菌制剂调整菌群失调,效果虽然很好,但也存在着活菌制剂不易保存、活菌数不稳定及一部分患者在观念上不易接受的问题。螺...     

Effects of oral sialic acid on gut development,liver function and gut microbiota in mice

Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), a 9-carbon monosaccharide, has been widely studied in immunology, oncology and neurology. However, the effects of sialic acid on organ and intestinal development, liver function and gut microbiota were rarely studied. In this study, we found that oral sialic acid tended to increase the relative weight of liver and decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GPT) activity. In addition, sialic acid treatment markedly reduced gut villus length, depth, the ratio of villus length/depth (L/D), areas, width and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, gut microbes were changed in response to oral sialic acid, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Jeotgalibaca sp_PTS2502, Ignatzschineria indica, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina sp_HW10C2, Facklamia tabacinasalis, Oblitimonas alkaliphila, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp_YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, Morganella morganii, Clostridioides difficile, Helicobacter tryphlonius, Clostridium sp_Clone47, Alistipes finegoldii, [pseudomonas]_geniculata and Pseudomonas parafulva at the species level. In conclusion, oral sialic acid altered the intestinal pathological state and microbial compositions, and the effect of sialic acid on host health should be further studied.     

肠道微生物菌群对脑及行为的影响

肠道微生物菌群组成的变化对正常生理的影响及其在疾病中的作用逐渐成为研究热点。肠道微生物菌群通过脑肠轴影响宿主生理学的各个方面,包括脑-肠交流、脑功能甚至行为。对无菌动物、被致病细菌感染的、使用益生菌或用抗生素药物的动物研究表明,肠道微生物菌群可以调节宿主焦虑样症状及行为。研究表明对肠道微生物菌群的调节可能是治疗复杂中枢神经系统失调症的新策略。     

Effects of inulin and di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels on intestinal microbiota composition and performance of broiler chickens

In vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of laboratory-made di-d-fructose dianhydride (DFA)-enriched caramels. The DFA-enriched caramels were obtained from d-fructose (FC), d-fructose and sucrose (FSC), or d-fructose and β-cyclodextrin (FCDC). In the in vitro experiment, raftilose and all caramels increased (P<0.05) l-lactate concentration and decreased (P<0.05) pH. Total short-chain fatty acid concentration was higher (P<0.05) than controls in tubes containing raftilose, FSC, FCDC and commercial sucrose caramel (CSC). Raftilose, and all caramels tested except FSC and FC (1%), increased (P<0.01) lactobacilli log₁₀ number of copies compared with the non-additive control. FSC, FCDC and CSC increased (P<0.01) the bifidobacteria number of copies as compared with controls. All additives, except FCDC, decreased (P<0.01) Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale log number of copies. Compared with controls, raftilose, FC and CSC led to lower (P<0.01) Escherichia–Shigella and enterobacteria. For the in vivo experiment, a total of 144 male 1-day-old broiler chickens of the Cobb strain were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments for 21 days. Dietary treatments were control (commercial diet with no additive), inulin (20 g inulin/kg diet) and FC (20 g FC/kg diet). Final BW of birds fed FC diet was higher (P<0.01) than controls or inulin-fed birds, although feed: gain values were not different. Feed intake of chickens fed FC was higher (P<0.01) than that of inulin-fed birds but not statistically different from controls. Crop pH values were lower (P<0.01) in birds fed FC diet as compared with control diet, with inulin-fed chickens showing values not different from control- or FC-fed birds. Lower (P<0.05) lactobacilli number of copies was determined in the crop, ileum and caeca of birds fed the inulin diet compared with the control diet. Inulin supplementation also resulted in lower (P<0.05) C. coccoides/E. rectale, bacteroides and total bacteria in caecal contents. Addition of FC to broiler diets gave place to lower (P<0.05) enterobacteria and Escherichia–Shigella in crop and caecal contents compared with controls. The bacteroides number of copies increased (P<0.05) as compared with controls in the ileum, but decreased (P<0.05) in the caeca of chickens fed the FC diet. Energy, ADF, NDF and non-starch polysaccharides faecal digestibilities were greater (P<0.05) than controls in chickens fed diets containing inulin or FC. Fat digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in FC-fed birds compared with controls or inulin-fed chickens. In conclusion, DFA-enriched caramels tested here, particularly FC, may represent a type of new additives useful in poultry production.     

Effects of ultra-strong static magnetic field on the gut microbiota of humans and mice

To explore the effect of ultra-strong static magnetic field on gut microbiota, 16 T static magnetic field was used to study the changes in the structure and composition of human and mouse gut microbiota in this environment. In the mouse gut microbiota, at the genus level, the magnetic field significantly decreased the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Parasutterella, and Ralstonia and significantly increased those of Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Odoribacter, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Sutterella, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001. Similarly, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Romboutsia, and Streptococcus significantly decreased in the human gut microbiota. Contrary to the changing trend of the abundance in the mouse gut, the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in the human gut were significantly reduced under magnetic field. The BugBase phenotypic prediction analysis showed that the relative abundances of five phenotypes, including anaerobism, mobile elements, potential pathogenicity, stress-tolerant, and biofilm formation, changed significantly in the mouse gut microbiota, while the relative abundances of two phenotypes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative phenotypes, changed significantly in the human gut microbiota. The 16 T magnetic field could differently affect the composition, structure, and phenotypes of gut microbiota in human and mice, suggesting the importance of model selection in studying the biological effects of magnetic field.     

Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in mice

Here, we study the therapeutic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids (ASTFs) using a mouse intestinal inflammation model. The inflammation model used in the present study was developed through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mice. The experimental mice were divided into a control group, model group (10 mg/kg LPS), dexamethasone group (1 mg/kg DEX) and ASTF low-, medium- and high-dosage groups (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively). The morphological and structural changes in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum were observed using HE staining. The number of intestinal goblet cells (GCs) was calculated based on PAS staining. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the related mRNA expression level were measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, p65 and p-p65 were measured using Western blotting. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial taxa were amplified and analyzed to assess changes in the intestinal microbes of LPS-induced mice and also in response to regulation by ASTF. Following intervention with ASTF, different therapeutic effects were shown according to the various dosages tested, all of which resulted in improved intestinal morphology and an increased number of intestinal GCs, while the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and TNF-α and the related mRNA expression level were significantly reduced. The TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65/p-65 protein expression levels were also significantly reduced. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results show that LPS disrupts the structure of mouse gut microbes, though we observed that normal microbial status can be restored through ASTF intervention.     

Structural resilience of the gut microbiota in adult mice under high-fat dietary perturbations

Disruption of the gut microbiota by high-fat diet (HFD) has been implicated in the development of obesity. It remains to be elucidated whether the HFD-induced shifts occur at the phylum level or whether they can be attributed to specific phylotypes; additionally, it is unclear to what extent the changes are reversible under normal chow (NC) feeding. One group (diet-induced obesity, DIO) of adult C57BL/6J mice was fed a HFD for 12 weeks until significant obesity and insulin resistance were observed, and then these mice were switched to NC feeding for 10 weeks. Upon switching to NC feeding, the metabolic deteriorations observed during HFD consumption were significantly alleviated. The second group (control, CHO) remained healthy under continuous NC feeding. UniFrac analysis of bar-coded pyrosequencing data showed continued structural segregation of DIO from CHO on HFD. At 4 weeks after switching back to NC, the gut microbiota in the DIO group had already moved back to the CHO space, and continued to progress along the same age trajectory and completely converged with CHO after 10 weeks. Redundancy analysis identified 77 key phylotypes responding to the dietary perturbations. HFD-induced shifts of these phylotypes all reverted to CHO levels over time. Some of these phylotypes exhibited robust age-related changes despite the dramatic abundance variations in response to dietary alternations. These findings suggest that HFD-induced structural changes of the gut microbiota can be attributed to reversible elevation or diminution of specific phylotypes, indicating the significant structural resilience of the gut microbiota of adult mice to dietary perturbations.     

肠道微生物对肥胖影响

肠道微生物是哺乳动物最密集的微生物群落,也是最多样化的微生物群落之一。随着宏基因组学的不断发展,肠道微生物成为热门的研究领域。肠道微生物具有保护和代谢等功能,在胰岛素抵抗和肥胖等疾病中发挥重要作用。本文介绍了肠道微生物及其代谢物通过调节食欲、神经递质合成分泌、炎性反应进而调节肥胖,探讨了肠道微生物的影响因素,展望了肠道微生物对治疗人类肥胖的应用前景。     

Bacteria,phages and pigs: the effects of in-feed antibiotics on the microbiome at different gut locations

Disturbance of the beneficial gut microbial community is a potential collateral effect of antibiotics, which have many uses in animal agriculture (disease treatment or prevention and feed efficiency improvement). Understanding antibiotic effects on bacterial communities at different intestinal locations is essential to realize the full benefits and consequences of in-feed antibiotics. In this study, we defined the lumenal and mucosal bacterial communities from the small intestine (ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) plus feces, and characterized the effects of in-feed antibiotics (chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine and penicillin (ASP250)) on these communities. 16S rRNA gene sequence and metagenomic analyses of bacterial membership and functions revealed dramatic differences between small and large intestinal locations, including enrichment of Firmicutes and phage-encoding genes in the ileum. The large intestinal microbiota encoded numerous genes to degrade plant cell wall components, and these genes were lacking in the ileum. The mucosa-associated ileal microbiota harbored greater bacterial diversity than the lumen but similar membership to the mucosa of the large intestine, suggesting that most gut microbes can associate with the mucosa and might serve as an inoculum for the lumen. The collateral effects on the microbiota of antibiotic-fed animals caused divergence from that of control animals, with notable changes being increases in Escherichia coli populations in the ileum, Lachnobacterium spp. in all gut locations, and resistance genes to antibiotics not administered. Characterizing the differential metabolic capacities and response to perturbation at distinct intestinal locations will inform strategies to improve gut health and food safety.     

地塞米松对小鼠肠道菌群及脏器的影响

目的 应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCRDGGE)技术及苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色法)探究地塞米松对小鼠肠道菌群和脏器的影响。 方法 选用SPF级Balb/c小鼠10只,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组5只。实验组每日灌胃1.228 5 mg/kg地塞米松,对照组不做任何处理。观察小鼠体质量、行为、皮毛和粪便等的变化。28 d后,无菌条件下取小鼠粪便提取细菌基因组DNA,应用PCRDGGE技术进行肠道菌群多样性及差异性分析;取小鼠肺、脾、肝、小肠、盲肠等进行HE染色,观察其脏器变化情况。 结果 与对照组相比,实验组小鼠体质量有明显降低,肺指数升高,脾指数下降;PCRDGGE结果表明实验组小鼠肠道菌群的多样性明显增加,优势菌群发生转变;实验组小鼠脏器出现了明显的炎症反应。 结论 服用地塞米松使小鼠肠道菌群的构成和多样性发生了显著改变;引起了小鼠脏器的炎症反应,可能会对小鼠生长发育产生影响。