利用mRNA荧光差异显示技术规模化筛选棉纤维特异表达基因

以陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种TM-1开花后9d、21d、27d三个不同发育时期的棉花纤维为材料,利用mRNA荧光差异显示 (FDD) 技术,筛选到109个差异显示的cDNA片段。在此基础上,结合两轮反Northern杂交筛选和Northern杂交分析,获得了多个仅在棉花纤维细胞中特异表达或在纤维中优先表达基因的cDNA片段,序列测定和数据库搜索分析表明,这些cDNA片段中的多数还未有报道。本工作为克隆上述基因的全长cDNA,并进一步研究它们在棉纤维发育中的功能奠定了基础。     

用表达性差异显示分析技术分离人胎肝组织选择性表达基因

目的：建立4月龄人胎肝组织选择性表达基因EST库,为研究胚胎肝组织特异表达基因提供有力的工具。方法：采用表达性差异显示分析（representational difference analysis,RDA) 技术建立4月龄人胎肝组织选择性表达基因EST库,并测定部分克隆核苷酸序列,以竞争PCR检测代表性基因的差异表达。结果与结论：以珠蛋白家族基因为标志,所建差减cDNA文库中α－珠蛋白家族基因的表达频率较未差减cDNA文库增高7倍,同时该文库也含有多种与肝生长密切相关的基因,表明RDA技术确是研究差异表达基因的有效手段,所建EST库富集胎肝特异表达基因。部分克隆序列分析获得2种未报道序列,其中一株含有丝／苏氨酸激酶结构域,表明可望从此库中分离具有重要未知功能的新基因。     

一种快速mRNA差异显示技术及用于分离辐射诱导转录子

介绍一种从不同类型细胞或不同生长状态细胞中分离差异表达基因的快速ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术。其特点是不用 位素标记操作简便,在普通琼脂糖凝胶电泳中就能分辨差异显示的ｃＤＮＡ带,便于ＤＮＡ回收和进一步重组克隆。用此方法成功地分离到电离辐射诱导转录子。     

快速、有效筛选新的功能基因——荧光差异显示技术

控制生物性状的基本单位是基因,研究细胞的基因表达一直是分子生物学的重要课题之一。不同细胞间基因表达的差异决定了生命活动的多样性,如发育与分化、内环境稳定、细胞周期调节等。近年来,随着DNA重组技术的发展,已有数万个人类基因被克隆分析,要从如此众多的表达基因中找出引起细胞生理或病理变化的基因并非易事。应用荧光标记的mRNA差异显示技术将有可能在一定程度上起到关键的作用。以总RNA为模板,采用荧光标记的锚定引物,通过逆转录、差异显示PCR反应,经5.6％变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离差异条带,条带清晰、明亮、背景低,各样本间的差异不仅呈有无的变化,亦表现出很多强弱改变;本实验室经过多年的坚持摸索、研究,现已能成功的应用荧光标记差异显示技术,可快速（2d）、敏感、经济有效的筛选各种未知的表达基因。     

荧光标记mRNA差异显示技术

目的：应用荧光标记的ｍＢＮＡ差异显示技术。方法：提取未经过／经过ＩＦＮ－ＬＰＳ处理的三组人单核细胞系Ｕ９３７的总ＲＮＡ并以此为模板,采用荧光标记的锚定引物,通过逆转录、差异显示ＰＣＲ反应,经５．６％变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离差异条带,回收后将其再扩增。结果：三组样本的ＤＤ－ＰＣＲ产物电泳显示长３００ｂｐ￣２．０ｋｂ不等的扩增片段,条带清晰、明亮,背景低,各样本相互间的差异不仅呈有无的变化,亦表现出     

差异表达分析法在细菌致病相关基因研究中的应用

差异表达分析是比较相关细胞特殊表型基因背景的研究方法,应用于致病菌可以研究细菌的致病性、抗药性、遗传特性等。基因差异表达分析主要分四类,其代表性的方法分别为差异显示、消减杂交、基于数据库的基因表达连续分析和DNA微阵列。本文综述此四类方法及其衍生技术的基本策略、应用特点及近年来在细菌致病相关基因研究中的成功应用。     

通过荧光差异显示PCR法分离水稻中由ABA调节的基因

脱落酸（ABA）在植物种子发育以及植物地外源环境因子（如逆境,胁迫等）反应过程中起着重要的作用,对其调节基因的分离将有助于了解其相关信号传导途径及作用机制。通过荧光差异显示PCR法我们由水稻中分离了部分ABA调节的cDNA片段,在所分离克隆的17个片段中,有14个片段被ABA诱导（2,4,8,12h),有2个片段被ABA抑制（8h),测序及序列分析表明这些片段可能分别编码与植物光合作用（7）,信号传导（1）,转录调控（2）,代谢（6）相关的蛋白或未知蛋白（1）而且其表达可能受到ABA的调节或ABA参与了其作用,对其中可能编码α/β水解酶折叠蛋白,酪氨酸磷酸酶,液泡H^ -ATPase的mRNA进行的RT－PCR和Northern blot分析,确证了ABA对它们表达的调节作用。在此基础上对FDD－PCR技术及ABA作用的可能机制进行了讨论。     

快速、有效筛选新的功能基因——荧光差异显示技术

控制生物性状的基本单位是基因 ,研究细胞的基因表达一直是分子生物学的重要课题之一。不同细胞间基因表达的差异决定了生命活动的多样性 ,如发育与分化、内环境稳定、细胞周期调节等。近年来 ,随着DNA重组技术的发展 ,已有数万个人类基因被克隆分析 ,要从如此众多的表达基因中找出引起细胞生理或病理变化的基因并非易事。应用荧光标记的mRNA差异显示技术将有可能在一定程度上起到关键的作用。以总RNA为模板 ,采用荧光标记的锚定引物 ,通过逆转录、差异显示PCR反应 ,经 5 6 %变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离差异条带     

致病菌体内诱导基因的功能分析—体内表达技术的应用

病原菌体内诱导的基因在致病过程中起重要作用,体内表达技术是一类很有前景的研究体内诱导基因的技术,本介绍了体内表达技术的基本原理,类型以及在致病菌体内诱导基因方面的研究进展和应用前景。     

热适应诱导大鼠下丘脑基因的差异显示

机体经过一段时间的热环境锻炼后均能获得一定的热适应能力 ,但它的形成机制目前还不清楚。细胞水平的研究表明热休克蛋白的表达增加是细胞热适应 (ｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｈｅａｔａｄａｐｔａｔｉｏｎ)的重要原因和标志 ,但是人体在实现热适应的过程中是否有基因表达方面的改变以及是否存在一种方法可以促使相关基因的表达以帮助机体快速实现热适应等问题尚无明确答案。差异显示技术自从 1992年创立以来 ,就不断被用于基因差异表达方面的研究 ,陆续发现了如苯丙胺调控转录的大鼠脑基因 ,人胚胎癌细胞分化为神经细胞所诱导表达的ＭＡＬ基因等诸多…     

痢疾杆菌体内诱导基因筛选方法的建立

分别用氯霉素乙酰转移酶基因(cat)和天冬氨酸半醛脱氢酶基因(asd)作为报告基因,用小鼠肺感染模型和HeLa细胞侵袭模型来试验筛选痢疾杆菌体内诱导基因的可行性。结果表明,以asd为报告基因,用HeLa细胞侵袭试验作为筛选模型,可成功地用于筛选痢疾杆菌的体内诱导基因。     

肺炎链球菌体内诱导基因的筛选及初步鉴定

为筛选鉴定肺炎链球菌宿主体内诱导的基因,寻找潜在的抗生素作用靶点和疫苗候选者,应用体内表达技术,以肺炎链球菌荚膜合成的关键基因galU作为体内报告基因,利用其缺陷体不能合成荚膜多糖,从而不能在宿主体内存活的特点,筛选鉴定肺炎链球菌体内诱导基因。首先,把肺炎链球菌基因组DNA的随机酶切片段(200~500bp)克隆到含有体内、体外双重报告基因(galU-lacZ)的报告载体pEVP3-galU的BglⅡ位点,将获得的质粒库转化肺炎链球菌galU缺陷菌株,得到肺炎链球菌体内启动子诱捕文库,将此文库去感染BALB/c小鼠,经过两轮体内筛选,在涂布有X-gal的TSA血清平板上得到了165个白色菌落,对插入的随机片段进行测序及生物信息学分析,共证实15个不同的体内诱导基因片段,8个为单独的ORF,7个为含有多个ORFs的操纵子结构,它们分别参与细菌在宿主体内的定植与粘附、能量代谢、物质转运、转录调节、DNA复制与重组、细胞壁合成等,另外还包括功能不明的假想蛋白。其中部分ORFs可能与细菌毒力相关,可以作为候选疫苗和药物的靶标。     

The application of time decay characteristics of laser‐induced fluorescence in the classification of vegetation

In this study, the time decay of the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity (TDCFI) of vegetation was measured based on laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) technology with a 355 nm laser serving as the excitation light source. The pseudo‐color diagram of the TDCFI (PDTDCFIs) was proposed for use as a characteristic fingerprint for the analysis of various plant species based on variations in the fluorescence intensity over time. Compared with the steady‐state fluorescence spectra, two‐dimensional PDTDCFIs contained more spectral information, including variations in both the shape of the laser‐induced fluorescence spectra and the relative intensity. The experimental results demonstrated that the PDTDCFIs of various plant species show distinct differences, and this was successfully applied in the classification of plant species. Therefore, the PDTDCFIs of plants could provide researchers with a more reliable and useful tool for the characterization of vegetation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of macrophage induced genes of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis by differential fluorescence induction

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of the sheep disease caseous lymphadenitis. We have developed a promoter reporter system for this organism based on expression of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene from Aequorea victoria. A promoterless vector, pSM20, containing the gfp gene was constructed, and promoters were inserted upstream of the gfp gene. Upon transformation into C. pseudotuberculosis, fluorescence could be visualised by fluorescence microscopy, and relative promoter strength measured by flow cytometry. The usefulness of this system for measuring changes in gene expression was demonstrated by measuring fluorescence levels of heat shocked C. pseudotuberculosis carrying a dnaK promoter construct. Replication of C. pseudotuberculosis within J774 macrophages could be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The establishment of the system allowed the use of differential fluorescence to identify genes that showed up-regulation following macrophage infection. Genes coding for a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and the beta chain of a propionyl CoA carboxylase were identified as possessing promoters that demonstrated enhanced activity following macrophage infection by C. pseudotuberculosis.     

Strategies for isolation of in vivo expressed genes from bacteria

The discovery and characterization of genes specifically induced in vivo upon infection and/or at a specific stage of the infection will be the next phase in studying bacterial virulence at the molecular level. Genes isolated are most likely to encode virulence-associated factors or products essential for survival, bacterial cell division and multiplication in situ. Identification of these genes is expected to provide new means to prevent infection, new targets for, antimicrobial therapy, as well as new insights into the infection process. Analysis of genes and their sequences initially discovered as in vivo induced may now be revealed by functional and comparative genomics. The new field of virulence genomics and their clustering as pathogenicity islands makes feasible their in-depth analysis. Application of new technologies such as in vivo expression technologies, signature-tagged mutagenesis, differential fluorescence induction, differential display using polymerase chain reaction coupled to bacterial genomics is expected to provide a strong basis for studying in vivo induced genes, and a better understanding of bacterial pathogenicity in vivo. This review presents technologies for characterization of genes expressed in vivo.     

A subset of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in vivo induced promoters respond to branched-chain amino acid limitation

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of a necrotizing hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia in swine. In this study, we investigate the possibility that the limitation of branched-chain amino acids is a stimulus that A. pleuropneumoniae will encounter during infection and will respond to by up-regulation of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and virulence. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genetic loci that are specifically induced during infection were screened in vitro for expression in response to limitation of branched-chain amino acids. Of 32 in vivo induced promoter clones screened in vitro, eight were induced on chemically defined medium without isoleucine, leucine and valine as compared to complete chemically defined medium. We identify the genomic context of each clone and discuss its relevance to branched-chain amino acid limitation and virulence. We conclude that limitation of branched-chain amino acids is a cue for expression of a subset in vivo induced genes, including not only genes involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, but also other genes that are induced during infection of the natural host. These results suggest that limitation of branched-chain amino acids may be one of an array of environmental cues responsible for the induction of virulence-associated genes in A. pleuropneumoniae.     

Use of differential fluorescence induction and optical trapping to isolate environmentally induced genes

The techniques of differential fluorescence induction (DFI) and optical trapping (OT) have been combined to allow the identification of environmentally induced genes in single bacterial cells. Designated DFI-OT, this technique allows the in situ isolation of genes driving the expression of green fluorescent protein (Gfp) using temporal and spatial criteria. A series of plasmid-based promoter probe vectors (pOT) was developed for the construction of random genomic libraries that are linked to gfpUV or egfp . Bacteria that do not express Gfp on laboratory medium (i.e. non-fluorescent) were inoculated into the environment, and induced genes were detected with a combined fluorescence/optical trapping microscope. Using this selection strategy, rhizosphere-induced genes with homology to thiamine pyrophosphorylase ( thiE ) and cyclic glucan synthase ( ndvB ) were isolated. Other genes were expressed late in the stationary phase or as a consequence of surface-dependent growth, including fixND and metX , and a putative ABC transporter of putrescine. This strategy provides a unique ability to combine spatial, temporal and physical information to identify environmental regulation of bacterial gene expression.