克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌HR526快速合成1,3-丙二醇发酵特性研究

研究了实验室筛选的一株高产1,3-丙二醇(PDO)菌株克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌HR526(Klebsiella pneumoniae HR526), 在5 L B. Braun发酵罐进行甘油补料流加发酵30 h, PDO达到91.47 g/L, 胞外代谢通量分析显示, PDO在对数中期通量达到最大, 而乳酸在稳定期通量达到最大。结合酶学检测分析了PDO合成关键酶PDO氧化还原酶(PDOR)、甘油脱水酶(GDHt)和甘油脱氢酶(GDH)酶活的变化, PDO氧化还原酶活性在对数中期达到最高, 甘油脱水酶/甘油脱氢酶在对数期远大于稳定期、衰退期, 与代谢通量变化一致甘油脱水酶/甘油脱氢酶活性比例不均衡是3-HPA对数期积累的原因, PDO合成主要集中在对数期, 是生长偶联的代谢产物。     

pH对克雷伯氏菌1,3-丙二醇合成关键酶酶活及发酵特性的影响

在5 L发酵罐进行甘油脉冲流加发酵,分析了不同pH值对克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌发酵特性的影响,pH 6.5为菌体最佳生长条件,克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌合成1,3-丙二醇的产量最高。在1,3-丙二醇合成速率较大的对数中前期,进行甘油脉冲流加发酵,提高甘油浓度促进甘油脱水酶、1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶和甘油脱氢酶活性。不同pH值的脉冲试验表明,甘油脱水酶,2,3-丁二醇脱氢酶比酶活随着pH值的升高而升高,1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶,乳酸脱氢酶比酶活在pH6.5最高,因此偏酸性的发酵条件和对数期维持一定的甘油浓度能够促进1,3-丙二醇的合成。     

一株在有氧条件下转化丙酮醇为1,2-丙二醇的大肠杆菌菌株的研究

本实验室在前期构建了一株能高效利用甘油合成丙酮醇的大肠杆菌工程菌株,如果能在有氧条件下将丙酮醇转化为1,2-丙二醇,则可以大幅提高1,2-丙二醇的合成速率。以大肠杆菌BW25113Δglp K为出发菌株,筛选得到一株可以在有氧条件下代谢甘油的突变菌株PDO1。结果表明,该菌株可以在有氧条件下将丙酮醇转化为1,2-丙二醇,1,2-丙二醇的产量达到0.73 g/L,转化率达到0.493 g/g丙酮醇。突变株PDO1的甘油脱氢酶酶活和胞内的NADH百分比分别是对照株的75.9倍和1.64倍,由此推测,甘油脱氢酶酶活的提高以及NADH的相对提高,使得突变株可以在有氧条件下通过甘油脱氢酶途径代谢甘油,并转化丙酮醇为1,2-丙酮醇。     

dhaBCE基因与yqhD基因串联表达载体的构建及其生物转化甘油

将来自于肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌的甘油脱水酶基因插入到质粒pET28(a+) -yqhD的上游,并用SD序列隔开,串联构建重组质粒pET28(a+)dhaBCE-yqhD,转化到大肠杆菌E.coli novablue中进行共表达。结果显示：含有pET28(a+) dhaBCE-yqhD的重组菌在28℃条件下,IPTG诱导16h后,甘油脱水酶和yqhD氧化还原酶的酶活力分别达到35 U/ mg和 82 U/ mg ,而对照组检测不到甘油脱水酶酶活;当甘油浓度为55g/L,产物1,3-PD的产量可达39g/L;甘油浓度过量不利于产物合成,且产物1,3-丙二醇对合成反应具有一定的抑制作用。     

弗氏柠檬酸菌1,3-丙二醇合成的代谢工程研究

【目的】研究弗氏柠檬酸菌(Citrobacter freundii) 1,3-丙二醇合成的代谢过程。【方法】构建甘油脱氢酶基因GSR-lacZ、1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶基因PDO-lacZ和甘油脱水酶基因GL-lacZ等报告基因。在此基础上,构建3个相应的转座子突变文库。【结果】筛选到6株突变子,其相应关键酶表达水平提高1?11倍,1,3-丙二醇产量提高幅度为3%?50%。对转座子插入位点分析显示,5株突变子插入位点均为β-内酰胺酶(CKO_02592)编码基因,1株突变子插入位点为二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶(CKO_02433)编码基因。进一步分析发现,β-内酰胺酶基因突变显著提高甘油脱水酶和甘油脱氢酶的表达水平,而1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶表达水平没有变化;二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶基因突变显著提高1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶表达水平,其他两种关键酶基因表达水平不变。【结论】β-内酰胺酶和二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶基因能够分别影响1,3-丙二醇合成代谢途径关键酶的表达,为构建工程菌株打下基础。     

克雷伯杆菌产1,3-丙二醇关键酶甘油脱水酶的酶活分析方法研究

有氧条件下,建立了克雷伯杆菌破碎方法及其生产1,3-丙二醇代谢途径中关键酶甘油脱水酶的酶活测定方法。甘油脱水酶酶活测定时在超声时间25min,功率为300w的条件下最适破碎频率为破碎时间1s,停息时间4s;甘油脱水酶酶活测定所用磷酸盐缓冲液的最适浓度为0.045mol/L,最适pH值7.2。甘油脱水酶酶活测定反应的最佳温度为37℃,甘油脱水酶酶活测定反应液的最佳吸收波长为290nm。     

重组大肠杆菌生物转化甘油生产3-羟基丙酸

目的:以甘油为底物构建高效的3-羟基丙酸生产菌株。方法:以自身携带乙醛脱氢酶的E.coli BL21(DE3)plysS作为宿主,异源表达源自Klebsiella pneumoniae的甘油脱水酶基因dhaB。结果:重组菌E.coli HP获得的甘油脱水酶比活力在1.0mmol/L IPTG的诱导下达到了77.2 U/mg,摇瓶条件下,3-HP的最大产量为5.44 g/L,摩尔转化率为53%,该产量比目前报道的最高水平(4.4 g/L)提高了23.6%。结论:重组菌株E.coli HP实现了甘油向3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的高效生物转化。     

重组肺炎链球菌甘油脱氢酶活性及晶体培养的初步分析

甘油脱氢酶能够氧化胞内甘油为代谢活动提供能量,并参与调控与宿主粘附相关细菌蛋白质的表达,是潜在的抗菌药物靶点. 本文利用大肠杆菌BL21原核表达肺炎链球菌甘油脱氢酶,获得大量上清表达的目的蛋白. 再用Ni-NAT亲和层析、DEAE离子交换层析以及Superdex 200分子筛进行纯化. 经数据拟合,证实该酶在溶液中以同源二聚体形式存在. 光谱实验证实该重组表达甘油脱氢酶仍具有氧化甘油生成1, 3-二羟基丙酮的活性. 用Hampton试剂盒初筛晶体及棋盘法优化晶体,在0.1 mol/L Bicine PH 9.6,13% PEG MME 5000,0.2 mol/L KSCN,4% Dioxone条件下,得到了晶型好且有一定衍射能力的单晶,为解析肺炎链球菌甘油脱氢酶的三维结构及研究结构与酶活之间的关系奠定了基础.     

以甘油为唯一碳源的氧化葡糖杆菌适应性驯化及催化合成米格列醇中间体6NSL

氧化葡糖杆菌(Gluconobacter oxydans)来源的山梨醇脱氢酶可催化N-羟乙基葡萄糖胺合成6-脱氧-6-氨基(N-羟乙基)-α-L-呋喃山梨糖,即合成降血糖药物米格列醇的关键中间体。本文采用适应性驯化策略,以甘油为唯一碳源,通过40 g/L、60 g/L、80 g/L和100 g/L甘油梯度连续传代培养,筛选获得了一株以甘油为碳源的高活力菌株G.oxydans A-3-D,扫描电镜结果表明该细胞表面褶皱较原始菌株有显著增加。在80 g/L甘油培养基摇瓶培养24 h后,菌体浓度为4.58 g DCW/L,山梨醇脱氢酶的发酵体积酶活与比酶活分别为原始菌株G.oxydans ZJB-605的1.3倍及1.5倍。此外,在摇瓶培养条件下对影响催化反应进程的关键因素进行了考查,结果表明在摇瓶体系中,G.oxydans A-3-D的最适催化反应条件为80.0 g/L底物、2.0 g DCW/L菌体细胞、20 mmol/L Mg~(2+)浓度,15℃反应48 h后底物转化率达到90.8%,6NSL累积浓度为72.6 g/L,较G.oxydans ZJB-605有显著提升。     

甘油脱水酶再激活因子提高重组大肠杆菌3-羟基丙酸合成能力

甘油脱水酶是甘油转化3-羟基丙酸生物合成途径中的关键性限速酶,然而底物甘油的存在会抑制该酶的活性,从而引起3-羟基丙酸合成量的下降.因此解除底物甘油对甘油脱水酶活性的抑制作用,是提高生物合成3-羟基丙酸产量的方法之一.克隆来源于克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)的甘油脱水酶编码基因dhaB、甘油脱...     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism