Impact of Coronary Artery Curvature on the Longitudinal Stent Foreshortening: Real-World Observations

Longitudinal stent foreshortening is a known phenomenon, however, the impact of coronary artery curvature on longitudinal stent foreshortening remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of coronary artery curvature on the longitudinal stent foreshortening in the real-world scenarios. A total of 86 consecutive patients underwent coronary stent implantation were included in the present study. The degree of coronary artery curvature was defined as the length of the coronary artery curvature divided by the straight length. Longitudinal stent foreshortening was defined as the stent length after implantation divided by the stent length before implantation. The mean longitudinal foreshortening rate of coronary stents was about 94% in curved coronary arteries. Longitudinal stent foreshortening rate was positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery curvature (r = –0.86, P < 0.01). Coronary artery curvature is associated with significant longitudinal foreshortening of coronary stents, thus longitudinal foreshortening should be considered on deciding the stent length in curved coronary artery and a longer stent is usually needed in curved coronary artery.     

银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯对经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后桡动脉闭塞和血流动力学的影响

摘要 目的：探究银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯对经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后桡动脉闭塞（RAO）和血流动力学的影响。方法：选取2020年1月～2021年1月我院收治的120例经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入患者为研究对象,使用随机数字表法分为观察组（n=59,单硝酸异山梨酯治疗）与对照组（n=61,对照组基础上联合银杏叶提取物注射液治疗）。探究两组患者术后7 d时、术后30 d时、术后3个月时RAO发生情况差异,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗2周后血流动力学指标[收缩期峰速度(PSV)、舒张末期速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）]差异,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗30 d后心功能[B型脑钠肽（BNP）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心脏指数（CI）]差异,分析两组患者不良反应差异。结果：术后7 d时,观察组患者RAO发生低于对照组（P＜0.05）,术后30 d时、术后3个月时,两组患者RAO发生率差异均不显著（P均＞0.05）;治疗2周后,两组患者PSV、EDV水平均较治疗前上升,RI水平均较治疗前下降,且观察组PSV、EDV高于对照组,RI低于对照组（P均＜0.05）;治疗30 d后,两组患者BNP较治疗前均降低,且观察组BNP低于对照组,两组患者LVEF、CI均较治疗前上升,且观察组LVEF、CI高于对照组（P均＜0.05）;两组患者不良反应发生差异均不显著（P均＞0.05）。结论：银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯可减少经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后RAO发生,对患者血流动力学影响更小,有利于患者心功能恢复,安全性较好。     

舒芬太尼联合地塞米松对肺癌患者气管拔管时血流动力学的影响

目的：观察联合应用舒芬太尼和地塞米松对肺癌患者双腔支气管拔管时血流动力学的影响。方法：选择在全麻下行肺癌根治术的患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分为三组,舒芬太尼组（s组）、舒芬太尼联合地塞米松组（SD组）和生理盐水组（N组）,每组20例。SD组于麻醉诱导前静脉推注10 mg地塞米松,手术结束前30 min静脉推注0.15μg/kg舒芬太尼;S组、N组分别于手术结束前30 min静脉推注0.15μg/kg舒芬太尼和2 mL生理盐水;记录麻醉诱导前（T0）、拔管即刻（T1）、拔管后3 min（T2）及拔管后5 min（T3）时的心率（HR）,平均动脉压（MAP）,并计算心率与收缩压的乘积（RPP）;术毕后麻醉恢复时间：自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间。结果：与麻醉诱导前（T0）相比,S组、SD组在手术拔管期各时间点的MAP,HR,RPP变化幅度明显低于N组（P〈0.05）;SD组较S组血流动力学更加平稳（P〈0.05）。S组、SD组虽然自主呼吸恢复时间和睁眼时间与N组比较有所延长,但拔管时间并无显著性差（P〉0.05）,且S组、SD组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：应用舒芬太尼联合地塞米松可以使双腔支气管导管拔管时的血流动力学更加平稳。     

针灸联合推拿手法对椎动脉型颈椎病患者的疗效及其对血流动力学和颈椎活动度的影响

目的:探讨针灸联合推拿手法对椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)患者的疗效及其对血流动力学和颈椎活动度的影响。方法:选取2015年9月-2017年9月期间山东省医学科学院颈肩腰腿痛医院收治的CSA患者900例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=450)与研究组(n=450)。对照组给予针灸治疗,研究组则在对照组的基础上联合推拿手法治疗,两组患者均治疗14d,同时进行为期3个月的随访。观察两组患者临床疗效、症状评分、血流动力学以及颈椎活动度等变化情况。结果:治疗后研究组患者临床总有效率为96.44%(434/450),显著高于对照组的83.78%(377/450)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后眩晕、恶心或呕吐、头痛、肩颈痛、旋颈试验、生活及工作评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后平均血流速度(TMFV)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)均较治疗前升高,搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)均较治疗前降低,且研究组治疗后TMFV、PSV高于对照组,PI、RI低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈、左侧旋以及右侧旋活动度均较治疗前升高,且研究组后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈、左侧旋以及右侧旋活动度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:针灸联合推拿手法治疗CSA效果优于单用针灸治疗,对患者症状评分、血流动力学以及颈椎活动度均有改善作用,可进一步推广应用。     

雷珠单抗联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入术对新生血管性青光眼患者眼动脉血流动力学和血清VEGF、PDGF的影响

摘要 目的：观察雷珠单抗联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼（NVG）的疗效及对眼动脉血流动力学和血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）的影响。方法：选择2018年4月~2021年2月期间华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院眼科收治的NVG患者60例94眼,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和研究组,分别为30例48眼和30例46眼。对照组患者予以Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,研究组眼内注射雷珠单抗一周后再行Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,观察治疗效果,对比两组眼动脉血流动力学和血清VEGF、PDGF,观察虹膜与前房角新生血管消退率及并发症发生率。结果：研究组的疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后3个月血流阻力系数（RI）低于对照组,收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张末期流速（EDV）高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后3个月两组VEGF、PDGF均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后3个月两组眼压下降,视力升高,且研究组的改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05）,研究组虹膜与前房角新生血管消退率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的并发症发生率少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：NVG采用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术联合雷珠单抗治疗,可有效恢复视力、眼压,具有更好的疗效,这可能与联合治疗可改善眼动脉血流动力学及血清VEGF、PDGF水平有关。     

Effects of Renal Denervation on Renal Artery Function in Humans: Preliminary Study

Aim

To study the effects of RD on renal artery wall function non-invasively using magnetic resonance.

Methods and Results

32 patients undergoing RD were included. A 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance of the renal arteries was performed before RD and after 6-month. We quantified the vessel sharpness of both renal arteries using a quantitative analysis tool (Soap-Bubble®). In 17 patients we assessed the maximal and minimal cross-sectional area of both arteries, peak velocity, mean flow, and renal artery distensibility. In a subset of patients wall shear stress was assessed with computational flow dynamics. Neither renal artery sharpness nor renal artery distensibility differed significantly. A significant increase in minimal and maximal areas (by 25.3%, p = 0.008, and 24.6%, p = 0.007, respectively), peak velocity (by 16.9%, p = 0.021), and mean flow (by 22.4%, p = 0.007) was observed after RD. Wall shear stress significantly decreased (by 25%, p = 0.029). These effects were observed in blood pressure responders and non-responders.

Conclusions

RD is not associated with adverse effects at renal artery level, and leads to an increase in cross-sectional areas, velocity and flow and a decrease in wall shear stress.     

Combined Internal Mammary Artery Implantation and Free Omental Graft Operation: A Highly Effective Revascularization Procedure: (A Study of 17 Cases)

One hundred and forty patients with coronary artery disease treated by internal mammary artery implantation were followed up from six months to 13 years. The mortality rate was 3%; improvement was obtained in 70%. Occlusive disease of all three major coronary arteries, however, requires more blood than can be supplied by the implant procedure, and the free omental graft operation was developed for the management of selected patients with this condition. Normally in animals triple coronary artery ameroid constriction results in 100% mortality. When the free omental graft operation, with or without internal mammary artery implantation, was performed, 80% of such animals survived. The free omental graft forms capillary anastomoses in three days and arteriolar vessels in eight days, which leave the base of the aorta, enter the omentum, thence to the myocardium. A combined internal mammary artery implantation and free omental graft operation was performed in 17 patients with triple coronary artery disease as shown by cine coronary arteriography. There was no operative mortality, and 12 of the patients are free of pain and have returned to work.     

Respective and Combined Effects of Impairments in Sensorimotor Systems and Cognition on Gait Performance: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundRespective and combined effects of impairments in sensorimotor systems and cognition on gait performance have not been fully studied. This study aims to describe the respective effects of impairments in muscle strength, distance vision, lower-limb proprioception and cognition on the Timed Up & Go (TUG) scores (i.e., performed TUG [pTUG], imagined TUG [iTUG] and the time difference between these two tests [delta TUG]) in older community-dwellers; and to examine their combined effects on TUG scores.MethodsBased on a cross-sectional design, 1792 community-dwellers (70.2±4.8 years; 53.6% female) were recruited. Gait performance was assessed using pTUG, iTUG and delta TUG. Participants were divided into healthy individuals and 15 subgroups of individuals according to the presence of impairment in one or more subsystems involved in gait control (i.e., muscle strength and/or distance vision and/or lower-limb proprioception and/or cognition [episodic memory and executive performance]). Impairment in muscle strength, distance vision and lower-limb proprioception was defined as being in the lowest tertile of performance. Impairment in cognition was defined as abnormal episodic memory and executive tests.ResultsA total of 191 (10.7%) exhibited impairment in muscle strength, 188 (10.5%) in distance vision, 302 (16.9%) in lower-limb proprioception, and 42 (2.3%) in cognition. Linear regressions showed that cognitive impairment as well as dual combinations of impairments were associated with increased pTUG (P<0.02). Impairment in lower-limb proprioception was associated with decreased iTUG (P=0.015). All combinations of impairments, except those including muscle strength and the combinations of the 4 subsystems, were associated with increased delta TUG (P<0.04).ConclusionCognitive integrity is central for efficient gait control and stability, whereas lower-limb proprioception seems to be central for gait imagery.     

Combined Effects of Smoking and Alcohol on Metabolic Syndrome: The LifeLines Cohort Study

Introduction

The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components.

Methods

64,046 participants aged 18–80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI<25, normal weight; BMI 25–30, overweight; BMI≥30 kg/m², obese). MetS was defined according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Within each BMI class and smoking subgroup (non-smoker, former smoker, <20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day), the cross-sectional association between alcohol and individual MetS components was tested using regression analysis.

Results

Prevalence of MetS varied greatly between the different smoking-alcohol subgroups (1.7–71.1%). HDL cholesterol levels in all alcohol drinkers were higher than in non-drinkers (0.02 to 0.29 mmol/L, P values<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels were lower when they were also a former or current smoker (<20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day). Consumption of ≤1 drink/day indicated a trend towards lower triglyceride levels (non-significant). Concurrent use alcohol (>1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks.

Conclusion

Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS.     

Maternal Functional Hemodynamics in the Second Half of Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study

Objective

Cardiovascular response to passive leg raising (PLR) is useful in assessing preload reserve, but it has not been studied longitudinally during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate gestational age associated serial changes in maternal functional hemodynamics and establish longitudinal reference ranges for the second half of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal study on 98 healthy pregnant women who were examined 3–5 times during 20–40 weeks of gestation (a total of 441 observations). Maternal cardiac function and systemic hemodynamics were assessed at baseline and 90 seconds after PLR using impedance cardiography (ICG). The main outcome measures were gestational age specific changes in ICG-derived variables of maternal cardiovascular function and functional hemodynamic response to PLR.

Results

Hemodynamic response to PLR varied during pregnancy. PLR led to an insignificant increase in stroke volume during 20⁺⁰ to 31⁺⁶ weeks, but later in gestation the stroke volume was slightly lower at PLR compared to baseline. PLR caused no significant change in cardiac output between 20⁺⁰ and 23⁺⁶ weeks and a significant decrease after 24⁺⁰ weeks. A decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac contractility was observed during PLR throughout the second half of pregnancy. Systemic vascular resistance was reduced by PLR up to 32⁺⁰ weeks, but increased slightly thereafter.

Conclusion

Healthy pregnant women appear to have limited preload reserve and reduced cardiac contractility, especially in the third trimester, which makes them vulnerable to fluid overload and cardiac failure.     

放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果分析

目的:探讨放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果.方法:选取2009年2月至2011年2月入住我院的60例已确诊且不能进行手术切除的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期原发性肝癌患者,采用三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗.结果:近期疗效有效率为76.67％.0.5、1、2年的生存率分别为87.4％、65.2％、38.7％.平均生存时间为25.6个月.结论:将放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞应用到原发性肝癌的治疗中,能够有效地控制患者病情,提高患者生活质量,延长患者生存期,对于不能进行手术治疗的中晚期患者具重要的实践与运用价值,值得推广.     

腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉与硬膜外麻醉对剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉与硬膜外麻醉对剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响。方法:选择我院2013年12月至2014年12月收治的80例行剖宫产手术产妇,按随机数字表法平均分为A组及B组各40例,A组产妇使用腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉(CSEA),B组产妇使用硬膜外麻醉(EA),比较两组产妇麻醉效果,血流动力学变化、新生儿Apgar评分及产妇不良反应发生情况。结果:A组产妇麻醉效果Ⅲ级比率85.0%,明显高于B组的22.5%(P0.05)。A组产妇心率(HR)在胎儿娩出10 min(T3)及手术结束(T4)时刻明显高于B组,收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)在胎儿娩出即刻(T2)明显高于B组,平均动脉压(MAP)在麻醉前(T1)和麻醉后(T4)明显高于B组,每博输出量(SV)在T2时刻明显低于B组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组产妇心输出量(CO)各时刻比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组新生儿在娩出1 min时Apgar评分明显高于B组(P0.05)。A组不良反应发生率为5.0%,B组产妇不良反应发生率为10.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对剖宫产手术患者使用CSEA麻醉效果明显优于EA,且患者血流动力学更为稳定,麻醉效果较完善,安全性高,可应作为剖宫产手术首选的麻醉方式。     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉对急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者麻醉效果、血流动力学及炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉对急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者麻醉效果、血流动力学及炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2018年1月到2019年12月期间我院收治的120例急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者,根据信封抽签法分为对照组60例（丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼）和观察组60例（七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼）,对比两组麻醉效果、血流动力学、炎性因子及不良反应。结果：观察组术毕（T5）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）与麻醉前（T1）比较未见显著性差异（P>0.05）,观察组插管后1 min（T2）~T5时间点HR、MAP高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d、术后3 d 肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白水平（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）均高于术前,观察组术后1 d、术后3 d CRP、IL-6、TNF-α低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间、睁眼时间、言语应答时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者采用七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉,麻醉效果较好,可平稳患者血流动力学,减轻炎症应激且安全性较好。     

活血通络汤联合卧位平衡手法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的疗效及对动脉血流速度的影响

目的:研究活血通络汤联合卧位平衡手法治疗椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)的疗效及对动脉血流速度的影响。方法:选取2015年10月-2017年6月佛山市中医院推拿科收治的CSA患者105例作为研究对象。将其以随机抽签原则分成观察组(n=53)以及对照组(n=52)。对照组予以盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊口服治疗,观察组则在对照组的基础上予以活血通络汤联合卧位平衡手法治疗,两组均进行为期4周的治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后临床症状与颈椎功能变化情况、动脉血流速度以及颈椎屈伸活动情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为98.11%,高于对照组的88.46%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者临床症状以及颈椎功能各项评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者左椎动脉、右椎动脉的舒张期血流速度(Vd)、收缩期血流速度(Vs)均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者颈椎曲度、颈椎屈伸活动度均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:活血通络汤联合卧位平衡手法治疗CSA的疗效较好,有利于缓解患者临床症状,改善动脉血流速度以及颈椎病理状况。     

Single Umbilical Artery: A Prospective Study of 2000 Consecutive Deliveries

A prospective study of 2000 obstetrical deliveries was undertaken to establish the incidence of single umbilical artery in the newborn and the frequency of congenital malformations reported to be associated with this disorder. Twenty cases of single umbilical artery were discovered; two proved to have an associated congenital malformation. In neither of these cases was medical management affected by the discovery of a single artery. In addition, the vascular arrangement in the cords of 31 concurrently occurring congenitally malformed babies was examined, and in no instance was a single umbilical artery found.     

右美托咪定对全麻胃肠手术患者血流动力学及苏醒期躁动的影响

目的:探宄右美托咪定(Dex)对全麻胃肠手术患者血流动力学及苏醒期躁动的影响。方法:选取2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受全麻胃肠手术患者93例作为研究对象,根据麻醉方法不同将所选患者分为研究组(52例)和对照组(41例)。研究组患者给予全身麻醉联合右美托咪定持续泵入麻醉,对照组仅给予全身麻醉。观察并比较两组患者手术开始时(T1)、手术进行时(T2)及手术结束时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼吸频率(RR)以及睡眠障碍镇静评分(Ramsay评分)。结果:研究组患者在T1,T2及T3的HR,RR及MAP值均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者各时间点SpO_2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者各时间点的血流动力学指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者Ramsay评分(2.81±0.28)显著高于对照组(1.51±0.41),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率(5.77%)显著低于对照组(29.27%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Dex对全麻胃肠手术患者具有良好的镇静、镇痛效果,能够稳定患者血流动力学,对苏醒期恢复影响较小,值得临床应用推广。     

On a Minimal Model for Hemodynamics and Metabolism of Lactate: Application to Low Grade Glioma and Therapeutic Strategies

WHO II low grade glioma evolves inevitably to anaplastic transformation. Magnetic resonance imaging is a good non-invasive way to watch it, by hemodynamic and metabolic modifications, thanks to multinuclear spectroscopy ¹H/³¹P. In this work we study a multi-scale minimal model of hemodynamics and metabolism applied to the study of gliomas. This mathematical analysis leads us to a fast-slow system. The control of the position of the stationary point brings to the concept of domain of viability. Starting from this system, the equations bring to light the parameters that push glioma cells out of their domain of viability. Four fundamental factors are highlighted. The first two are cerebral blood flow and the rate of lactate transport through monocarboxylate transporters, which must be reduced in order to push glioma out of its domain of viability. Another factor is the intra arterial lactate, which must be increased. The last factor is pH, indeed a decrease of intra cellular pH could interfere with glioma growth. These reflections suggest that these four parameters could lead to new therapeutic strategies for the management of low grade gliomas.