椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的研究进展

绝大多数椎体压缩性骨折由骨质疏松或椎体肿瘤引起,其导致骨折部位的疼痛以及椎间高度丢失。经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术是近二十年来兴起用于治疗椎体压缩性骨折的微创手术方法,能够迅速缓解病人的疼痛、恢复伤椎畸形。经皮椎体成形术通过小切口将骨水泥注入骨折部位,而椎体后凸成形术将球囊注入骨折部位,通过球囊扩张和收缩形成空腔,并在腔中注入填充材料,接着取出球囊,注入骨水泥。本文从经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术的发展、两种手术的疗效和安全性、骨水泥的研究现状和两种技术的临床应用结果、当前和未来的研究方向等进行综述。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效及术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：观察骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCFs）患者以经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗后的临床疗效,并分析术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。方法：选取我院2018年6月~2020年9月期间收治的OVCFs患者180例,给予PVP治疗,观察其治疗效果、骨水泥渗漏情况、术后邻近椎体骨折发生情况,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。结果：OVCFs患者术前~术后6个月功能障碍指数（ODI）、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、活动能力评分（LAS）均呈降低趋势（P＜0.05）。随访期间,180例患者中,15例（8.33%）出现了骨水泥渗漏,但均不需要进一步处理。32例（17.78%）出现了术后邻近椎体骨折,148例未出现术后邻近椎体骨折,并以此进行分组。再骨折组、未再骨折组在年龄、骨折病史、骨密度、Cobb角、椎体高度恢复、骨水泥渗漏情况、使用抗骨质疏松药物方面对比有明显差异（P<0.05）。年龄>70岁、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度<-2.5SD、未使用抗骨质疏松药物、Cobb角<15°、椎体高度恢复率>87%均是PVP术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：PVP治疗OVCFs疗效较好,可缓解患者疼痛、减轻功能障碍、改善活动能力,术后邻近椎体骨折的发生受年龄、骨密度、Cobb角等多种因素影响,临床可针对这些因素给予对应的干预措施。     

The Early Stage Adjacent Disc Degeneration after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty in The Treatment of Osteoporotic VCFs

Background

The purpose of this paper is to determine the early incidence of disc de- generation adjacent to the vertebral body of osteoporotic fracture treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty and whether adjacent disc degeneration is accelerated by this two procedures.

Methods

182 patients with painful vertebral compression fractures were treated. A total of 97 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. 97 patients with a mean age of 65.3 years were classified into control group and surgical treatment group of non-random. 35 patients were in contol group and 62 patients who were performed percutaneous vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty in treatment group. X-ray and Magnetic resonance imaging were done at the first and final visit. The grade of disc degeneration above the fractured vertebral was confirmed by evaluation of bony oedema in the fat suppressed sequences and T2-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging. The height of degenerative disc was measured on X-ray film.

Results

All patients were followed up two years after the first visit and the follow-up rate was 90.7% (88/97). The incidence of degeneration of adjacent disc above the fractured vertebral was 29.0% (9/31) in control group and 52.6% (30/57) in treatment group. It presented a statistically significant difference between two groups about the incidence of adjacent disc degeneration (P = 0.033). The percentage of adjacent disc height reduction in control group was 13.5% and 17.6% in treatment group. Statistically significant difference of VAS score and ODI was not found between the first evaluation postoperatively and the final follow-up in treatment group (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Disc degeneration adjacent to the fractured vertebral is accelerated by VP and BK procedures in the early stage, but clinical outcomes has not been weakened even in the presence of accelerated disc degeneration.     

Osteoporosis Treatment After Osteoporotic Fractures: Data From a Single Medical Center

ObjectiveMost patients do not receive osteoporosis treatment after osteoporotic fracture. This study reviewed osteoporosis treatment after osteoporotic fractures in a center without a Fracture Liaison Service.MethodsWe identified all patients with hip, vertebral, humeral or radial fractures, evaluated in Meir Medical Center, in 2017. The exclusion criteria were not a Clalit Health Services member, high-energy fracture or 30-day postoperative mortality. The primary endpoint was osteoporosis drugs issued within 12 months of fracture. Secondary endpoints included bone densitometry and 1-year mortality.ResultsFive-hundred-eighty-two patients (average age 78.6 ± 11.1 years, 75.8% women) were included. There were 321 (55.5%) hip, 84 (14.1%) humeral, 33 (5.6%) vertebral, and 144 (24.7%) radial fractures. Osteoporosis drugs were issued to 26.5% of the patients; those with humeral fractures received the least (21.4%) and vertebral, the most (30.3%; P = .51). Bone densitometry was performed in 23.2% of patients. One-year mortality after hip fracture was 12.1%, followed by humeral (3.6%; P < .05). Logistic regression showed that previous treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 7.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6–15.2), bone densitometry (OR = 4.4; 95% CI 2.6–7.4) and endocrinology visit (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4–4.6) were the most important factors associated with treatment.ConclusionFewer than one third of patients received pharmacotherapy within 1 year after fracture. Because pharmacotherapy reduces future fractures and mortality, we recommend that medical staff who care for patients with fracture adopt practical and effective strategies to increase treatment rates among patients with osteoporotic fractures.     

PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床治疗效果比较

目的:分析PKP(即经皮椎体后凸成形术)和PVP(即经皮椎体成形术)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折治疗中的临床应用效果。方法:回顾并抽取我院骨科诊治的164例骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者资料,根据术式分为PKP组和PVP组各82例,对比分析不同手术前各组VAS评分(即视觉模拟评分法)、ODI(即Oswestry功能障碍指数)、椎体高度以及Cobb角变化,同时对2种手术的安全性进行客观评价。结果:手术后,两组VAS评分、ODI、椎体高度以及Cobb角度均出现明显恢复(P0.05),在术后相同时间点,PKP组VAS分数、ODI分数、椎体高度、Cobb角度均显著优于PVP组(P0.05);PKP组手术不良事件发生率(17.07%)显著低于PVP组(36.59%),P0.05,组间差异明显。结论:PVP、PKP虽然均能够对骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折达到修复椎体高度、止痛的治疗效果,但是PKP治疗后椎体恢复情况、手术安全性显著优于PVP。     

PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的预后评价及继发危险因素分析

目的:分析椎弓根入路行椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的预后评价及继发危险因素分析。方法:选择2016年2月-2018年2月我院收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者85例纳入本次研究,采用随机数表法分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=42)。对照组使用经皮椎体成形术进行治疗,观察组采用PKP进行治疗。比较两组患者手术情况、术后情况、椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角、继发性骨折发生情况及分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术后继发骨折的危险因素。结果:观察组手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥注入量、术中出血量均显著低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);观察组疼痛缓解时间、下地时间及住院时间均显著低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);治疗前,两组椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角比较,无显著差异;治疗后,两组患者的椎体高度丢失率明显下降,但两组术后7 d、术后6月两组椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角比较无显著差异;观察组术后12月椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);所有患者均随访12月,其中22例(25.88%)发生继发性椎体骨折,进行单因素分析,结果发现,两组患者性别、骨折部位、局部矢状面后凸角度、骨水泥量、椎体高度恢复、术后抗骨质疏松治疗差异无统计学意义(P0.05);骨质疏松原因、骨水泥椎间隙渗漏、术后支具佩戴、原发骨折类型与骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术后发生继发骨折相关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,骨质疏松原因、骨水泥椎间隙渗漏、术后支具佩戴、原发骨折类型均是骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术后发生继发骨折的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者中应用PKP可有效改善手术情况,随着时间的延长,PKP更有利于维持患者椎体高度;骨质疏松原因、骨水泥椎间隙渗漏、术后支具佩戴、原发骨折类型是骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术后发生继发骨折的危险因素,临床上对于具有危险因素的患者引起重视,并采取干预措施。     

一种新型椎体后凸成型术重建胸腰椎骨折椎体的基础研究

目的:评估一种一种新型椎体后凸成型术的临床操作可行性及力学测试。方法:将16个新鲜椎体标本(T12-L3)随机分为2组,模拟临床手术操作进行椎体强化,一组采用新型椎体后凸成型术,另一组采用传统注射式椎体成型术,并对强化后的椎体进行力学测试,观察骨水泥的渗漏率、强化后伤椎的强度和刚度。结果:新型椎体后凸成型术组没有出现骨水泥渗漏,传统注射式椎体成型术组有2例出现骨水泥渗漏。新型椎体后凸成型术组术后伤椎的强度和刚度分别为(3457.4±653.7)N和(787.5±283.6)N/mm,传统注射式椎体成型术后伤椎的强度和刚度分别为(2584.2±414.3)N和(524.4±157.4)N/mm,新型椎体后凸成型术术后伤椎强度和刚度的恢复明显优于传统注射式椎体成型术。结论:采用新型囊袋状的扩张器行椎体后凸成型术可以明显降低骨水泥的渗漏率,可以明显恢复伤椎的强度和刚度,新型囊袋状式椎体后凸成型术是治疗胸腰椎骨折一种有效方法。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术对绝经后女性椎体骨折的疗效分析

目的：分析经皮椎体后凸成形术对绝经后女性椎体骨折的疗效。方法：选取68例绝经后女性椎体骨折患者并随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各34例。研究组采用经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗,对照组采用经皮椎体成形术PVP）治疗。分剐在术前、术后1d以及术后1年对患者进行疼痛视觉类比评分WAS）,观察随访期间Cobb角的矫正程度和骨水泥渗漏情况以及相邻椎体的骨折发生率。结果：两组患者在术后各时间点VAS评分和Cobb角的矫正程度均有明显的改善（P〈0．05）,其中研究组术后Cobb角的矫正程度要明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）,同时研究组患者术后骨水泥渗漏的发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）,在随访期内,对照组相邻椎体骨折的发生率高于研究组（P〈0．05）。结论：PVP和PKP均能显著缓解OVCF疼痛,但是PKP比PVP更有利于矫正脊柱后凸的畸形,同时降低骨水泥渗漏和相邻椎体骨折的发生率。     

网袋强化椎体成形术在骨质疏松椎体骨折治疗中的经验教训

摘要 目的：探讨和总结使用网袋强化椎体成形术在骨质疏松椎体骨折围手术期的注意事项及相关对策。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月到2020年6月3年时间内,使用网袋强化椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者共计112例。统计和比较患者在围手术期的各项指标,分析穿刺失败的原因及相关危险因素。结果：112例患者共涉及138个椎体。其中一期穿刺失败率（骨水泥分布不佳）为47个,占34.0%。骨水泥注入3 mL以下者为19个,占13.8%。骨水泥渗漏为36个,占26.1%。所有患者在术后3天及3月复查, VAS评分和ODI评分较前均有显著改善(P<0.05)。所有患者均未出现严重并发症(P>0.05)。结论：网袋强化椎体成形术在骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗中是一种理想的治疗方式,但在具体过程中仍有相关的经验和教训需要整理和总结。     

单球囊双侧扩张后凸成形术治疗不同程度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效

目的:观察单球囊双侧交替扩张后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法:选择我院2014年7月-2015年5月收治的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者60例,按照椎体塌陷程度分为重度骨折组和轻度骨折组,每组各30例。两组患者均接受单球囊双侧交替扩张后凸成形术治疗,观察治疗效果和椎体变化等。结果:与轻度骨折组比较,重度骨折组手术时间长、骨水泥注射量少,且椎体前缘高度恢复率、椎体中部高度恢复率、Cobb角矫正度高(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VAS评分均优于治疗前(P0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后椎体前缘高度、椎体中部高度、Cobb角均有所改善(P0.05),轻度骨折组的椎体前缘高度、椎体中部高度明显大于重度骨折组(P0.05),但两组Cobb角比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单球囊双侧交替扩张后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折具有较好的临床疗效,可以明显纠正椎体塌陷和Cobb角度。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术对老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者新发椎体骨折风险和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效及对患者新发椎体骨折风险和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年2月~2017年7月期间海南医学院第二附属医院收治的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者109例为研究对象,根据患者意愿和经济条件将其分为保守治疗组(n=54,采用非手术治疗)和PKP组(n=55,采用PKP治疗),比较两组患者临床指标、疼痛程度、椎体指标、生活质量、新发椎体骨折风险以及并发症发生情况。结果:PKP组住院时间、卧床时间低于保守治疗组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗1周后、治疗1个月后、治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后以及治疗12个月后视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)逐渐降低(P0.05),PKP组治疗1周后、治疗1个月后VAS评分低于保守治疗组(P0.05)。保守治疗组治疗12个月后椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角均低于治疗前及治疗1周后(P0.05),PKP组治疗1周后、治疗12个月后椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角逐渐降低(P0.05);PKP组治疗1周后、治疗12个月后椎体前缘高度丢失率、Cobb角低于保守治疗组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗12个月后标准生理组分(PCS)、标准心理组分(MCS)评分均较治疗前升高,且PKP组PCS、MCS评分高于保守治疗组(P0.05)。两组患者新发椎体骨折发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组并发症发生率低于保守治疗组(P0.05)。结论:PKP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效确切,安全可靠,可缩短患者住院时间和卧床时间,缓解患者早期疼痛,改善患者生活质量和伤椎后凸畸形,且不会增加新发椎体骨折风险。     

单侧与双侧PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折临床疗效比较及骨水泥渗漏的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：比较单侧与双侧经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）的临床疗效,并分析骨水泥渗漏的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年5月~2020年12月期间本院收治的205例OVCF患者的临床资料,根据入路方式的不同分为单侧组和双侧组,例数分别为104例和101例。对比两组围术期指标、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、Cobb''s角和椎体前缘高度,记录两组骨水泥渗漏及其他并发症发生情况,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析骨水泥渗漏的影响因素。结果：与双侧组相比,单侧组手术时间缩短,骨水泥注入量、术中透视次数减少（P<0.05）。两组术前、术后3个月、末次随访时VAS、ODI评分均呈下降趋势（P<0.05）。与术前相比,两组术后3个月及末次随访时的椎体前缘高度均升高,Cobb''s角均缩小（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。PVP患者骨水泥渗漏与骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、骨折严重程度、骨折位置、年龄、CT值、骨水泥注入量有关（P<0.05）。骨水泥渗漏的危险因素主要有骨水泥注入量>6 mL、骨折严重程度为重度、CT值>63HU、骨水泥黏度为低、皮质断裂（P<0.05）。结论：单侧与双侧PVP治疗OVCF效果相当。其中单侧可减少骨水泥注入量,缩短手术时间,减轻术后疼痛,促进术后功能恢复。而PVP手术最常见的并发症为骨水泥渗漏,受到骨折严重程度、皮质断裂、骨水泥黏度等因素的影响。     

Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Pain Distant to Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Compressive Fractures

Vertebral fractures are one of the most common osteoporotic fractures. We sought to investigate the incidence of distant pain after osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture (OVCF) at the thoracolumbar junction, and to explore the effect of kyphoplasty in the treatment of distant pain post-OVCF. Eighty-seven patients diagnosed OVCF between T11 and L2 were included in the study. The region of pain and its proximity to the thoracolumbar compressive fracture was recorded. For pain management, all patients received kyphoplasty. The follow-up period was every 3 months for 1-year post-surgery. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used pre-operatively, post-operatively, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups to assess patient status. All patients completed the operation, with 72 patients having focal pain over the compression fracture. Eleven cases also had pain distal to the fracture region in the following areas: lower back, near the iliac crest (n = 6), the groin (n = 3), and the trochanteric region (n = 2). Four cases had pain in distant to the fracture: lower back, near iliac crest (n = 3), and the trochanteric region (n = 1). All patients had a significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The average VAS and the ODI decreased significantly pre-operatively to post-operatively (p < 0.05). In addition to focal tenderness, many patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures may have pain distant to the fracture. This can be successfully treated using kyphoplasty. This phenomenon also indicates that patients at risk of osteoporosis who also have lower back pain should not neglect the potential for a thoracolumbar fracture.     

骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后再次骨折的危险因素分析

目的:探讨骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折患者接受椎体成形术后再次新发骨折的危险因素。方法:选取2009年1月到2015年1月就诊于我院诊断为骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折且行经皮椎体成形术的患者,收集患者的诊疗信息及影像学资料。收集患者的年龄、性别等基本资料及基于定量CT测量的骨矿物含量、骨水泥注射占椎体体积的比、骨水泥的分布及骨水泥的渗漏情况。将单椎体骨折且在随访时间内再次新发椎体骨折的患者分为A组,未骨折的患者分为B组,对比分析两组之间的参数的差异,并利用二项Logistic回归分析分析再次骨折的危险因素。结果:共有287例患者纳入研究,平均随访时间为34.7±17.8个月,压缩性骨折最常见的椎体依次为L1(29.1%)、T12(20.8%)及L2(13.5%)。在随访时间内共有32例患者再次发生椎体骨折。252例单椎体骨折患者中,26例(A组)再次发生骨折,226例(B组)未发生骨折。A组骨矿物含量低于B组(P0.001),骨水泥分布较B组差(P0.001),年龄高于B组(P0.001)且骨水泥渗漏发生率(34.6%)高于B组(13.7%)(P=0.006),两组在骨水泥占椎体的比、后凸程度、性别比例没有统计学差异。回归分析显示骨矿物含量(OR=1.092,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.091,P0.001)及骨水泥渗漏(OR=1.200,P=0.002)均是再次骨折的危险因素,骨水泥的均匀分布是保护因素(OR=0.922,P0.001)。结论:年龄较大且骨质较差的患者容易再次发生椎体骨折,在行椎体成形术过程中应尽量使骨水泥均匀分布并避免骨水泥的渗漏。     

椎体成形术治疗脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用方法与效果。方法:脊柱压缩骨折患者150例根据随机抽签法分为治疗组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统开放性手术,治疗组给予椎体成形术。通过比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后疼痛评分,术后局部Cobb角的差异评价治疗效果,其中,疼痛评分采用VAS量表,局部Cobb角通过脊椎侧围X片测定。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生,治疗组的术中出血量与术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前疼痛评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后疼痛评分都呈现明显下降的趋势(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前局部Cobb角对比差异无统计学意义,术后局部Cobb角都明显下降(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的局部Cobb角都明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用能有效缓解疼痛程度,改善椎体前中部高度脊柱后凸情况,对于患者的创伤比较少,有很好的推广应用价值。     

Meta-Analysis of Clinical Fracture Risk Reduction of Antiosteoporosis Drugs: Direct and Indirect Comparisons and Meta-Regressions

ObjectiveAntiosteoporotic drug (AOD) trials have variabilities in duration and fracture risks. This study evaluated AOD’s versus controls regarding reduction in relative rates and rate differences in vertebral and hip fractures and comparative costs.MethodsPrimary randomized controlled trials of antiosteoporotic drugs in postmenopausal women with documentation of vertebral fracture rates or hip fracture rates were extracted from meta-analyses and PubMed through February 2021. Direct and indirect meta-analyses and meta-regressions analyzed the fracture reductions.ResultsThere were 24 randomized controlled trials of drug versus placebo (73 862 women) and 10 randomized controlled trials of drug versus drug. The reductions in the relative rates of vertebral fractures were significant for antiresorptive (alendronate, risedronate, zoledronate, denosumab, and raloxifene) and anabolic (teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab) drugs. Denosumab, teriparatide, and abaloparatide were more effective in reducing vertebral fracture rates than oral bisphosphates (all P < .05) but were not more effective in reducing vertebral fracture rates than zoledronate. The reductions in hip fracture rates were significant for alendronate, denosumab, and zoledronate (all P < .05), without significant differences among drugs. Anabolic drugs did not show significant hip fracture rate reduction. Meta-regression of rate differences enabled the calculation of costs per vertebral fracture prevented, which were estimated at >$100 000 for anabolic drugs and between $2289 and $28 947 for antiresorptive drugs. Many direct drug versus drug trials were underpowered to demonstrate benefits of one drug over another.ConclusionThis study suggests goal-directed, cost-effective therapies relative to patient risk for vertebral and hip fractures. Anabolic drugs are better at preventing vertebral fractures than oral bisphosphonates. Anabolic drugs are not superior to zoledronate or denosumab and are substantially more expensive. When comparing drugs that prevented hip fractures, there was no statistical benefit of any drug.     

经皮椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体血管瘤疗效比较

目的:探讨和比较经皮椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体血管瘤的临床效果和安全性。方法:将2009年-2013年我院收治的有手术适应症且明确诊断为椎体血管瘤的患者48例进行随机分组。其中27例给予经皮椎体成形术治疗(PVP组),21例给予椎体后凸成形术治疗(PKP组)。根据详实的随访资料对两组患者在术后的VAS疼痛评分、总费用、术中疼痛评分、骨水泥渗漏等并发症等指标进行分析和评价。结果:PKP组患者在术后疼痛评分方面低于PVP组,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。PKP组患者在总费用方面高于对方,但在术中疼痛评分、骨水泥渗漏等并发症方面优于对方,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种手术方式在改善患者术后疼痛方面无明显差异。椎体后凸成形术在术中感受及安全性方面优于经皮椎体成形术,但费用高于对方。在临床工作中应根据患者具体病情和需要进行应用。     

经皮穿刺椎弓根椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移肿瘤的临床疗效

目的:进一步探讨经皮穿刺椎弓根途径椎体成形术与传统保守治疗方法的临床比较差异,从而为临床相关实践提供借鉴和参考依据。方法:2014年12月至2015年5月医院临床收治的胸腰椎椎体转移肿瘤患者共计88例,根据治疗方法分成研究组(经皮穿刺椎弓根途径椎体成形术组)和对照组(传统保守治疗方法组),每组患者44例。观察和比较两组患者实施不同治疗后的临床满意度。结果:研究组患者手术1d、1个月、3个月、6个月和1年后的临床满意度均显著的高于对照组,且组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮穿刺椎弓根途径椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移肿瘤的临床综合效果显著,与传统保守治疗方法相比较可有效改善和提高患者的生活质量。     

Treatment of Osteoporosis and Prevention of New Fractures: Role of Intravenously Administered Bisphosphonates

ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of intravenously administered bisphosphonates for improving absorption, tolerability, adherence, and outcomes in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.MethodsData published from 1996 to 2009 relevant to the treatment of osteoporosis, with emphasis on bisphosphonates, fracture risk, adherence to therapy, frequency of dosing, intravenous treatment, tolerability, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life, were reviewed.ResultsAlthough bisphosphonates are currently the standard of care for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in men, oral formulations are associated with poor absorption and potential irritation of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These issues necessitate complicated and restrictive dosing regimens, which in turn lead to poor compliance and persistence. Intravenous formulations such as 3 mg of ibandronate given quarterly and 5 mg of zoledronic acid administered once yearly avoid problems relating to absorption and tolerability by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenously administered ibandronate is presumed (by virtue of similar or superior improvements in bone mineral density) to have antifracture efficacy similar to that of orally administered ibandronate given daily, which has been shown to produce significant reductions in vertebral fractures during a 3-year period in comparison with placebo. Zoledronic acid, 5 mg once yearly, has been shown to produce a significant reduction in the risk of morphometric vertebral fractures, clinical vertebral fractures, hip fractures, and nonvertebral fractures versus placebo during a 3-year interval in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and also to yield a significantly decreased risk for new clinical fractures versus placebo in patients with recent low-trauma hip fracture. Both agents have favorable safety and tolerability profiles.ConclusionIntravenously administered bisphosphonates have the potential to increase compliance and persistence with therapy in patients with osteoporosis and to improve patient outcomes. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:483-493)     

金天格在老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折术后的应用及临床分析

目的:探讨和分析金天格胶囊在老年骨质疏松症导致的椎体骨折术后的作用和临床疗效。方法:将2013.01-2015.01来我院明确诊断为骨质疏松症导致的椎体骨折共计136人经纳入标准和排除标准筛选后,使用随机数字表将其随机分为2组。实验组给予经皮椎体成形术(PVP)+钙剂+维生素D+唑来磷酸+金天格胶囊治疗。对照组则不给予金天格进行治疗。所有患者均至少接受了12个月的系统随访观察。观察和进行比较的指标主要为疼痛(VAS),骨密度,Macnab腰椎功能评分以及血液肝肾功等指标。结果:在术后3月和12个月,两组患者在疼痛、骨密度及腰椎功能评分等方面较术前均有显著改善(P0.05)。两组之间在上述指标中有统计学显著性差异。而在血液肝肾功等指标的比较中,则未发现疼显著统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:金天格胶囊在骨质疏松性椎体骨折术后的应用,能够有效地提高治疗效果,安全程度较高,在临床中可进一步的进行推广应用。