香槐属分类学研究随记

基于对标本和文献的比较研究,确认豆科香槐属(Cladrastis Raf.)中小叶香槐(C.parvifolia C.Y.Ma)、藤香槐(C.scandens C.Y.Ma)、秦氏香槐(C.chingii DuleyVincent)与本属分布最广的翅荚香槐[C.platycarpa(Maxim.)Makino]为同种植物。其中,小叶香槐被处理为翅荚香槐的一变种,即C.platycarpa var.parvifolia(C.Y.Ma)Z.Q.Song,D.X.XuS.J.Li,藤香槐与秦氏香槐被处理为翅荚香槐原变种的两个新异名。同时讨论了翅荚香槐的分类地位及其散布。     

槐生拜尔孔菌(槐耳)的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究进展

槐生拜尔孔菌(槐耳)是我国重要的药用真菌之一,其化学成分主要含有多糖类、甾体类和生物碱类.槐耳被广泛应用于乳腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、胃癌等多种恶性肿瘤的辅助治疗,其作用机制包括抑制肿瘤细胞生长与增殖、侵袭与转移、血管新生、诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡、提高机体免疫力等.本文对槐耳的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究进展进行了归纳和总结,为这...     

中国特有植物膀胱豆(豆科)及两个邻近种的染色体数目及核型报道

对中国特有植物膀胱豆(Colutea delavayi)及两个邻近种鱼鳔槐(C.arborescens)和东方鱼鳔槐(C.orientalis)进行了核形态学研究.膀胱豆核型公式为:2n=2x=16=16m;东方鱼鳔槐核型公式为:2n=2x=16=12m+4sm;鱼鳔槐核型公式为:2n=2x=16=10m+6sm,染色体数2n=16与前人报道一致.三种植物中,除了鱼鳔槐的核型不对称性为2A型外,另两种的核型不对称性均属于1A型.     

雅鲁藏布江中游河谷风沙化土地砂生槐群落结构特征

基于样方调查和等级聚类分析,研究了雅鲁藏布江中游风沙化土地不同恢复演替阶段砂生槐群落的结构特征.结果表明:雅鲁藏布江中游风沙化土地植物群落可分为砂生槐群落、固沙草群落、砂生槐＜固沙草群落、砂生槐-固沙草群落、藏沙蒿+砂生槐群落和砂生槐+藏沙蒿群落6种类型.自然恢复演替从流动沙丘上分布的砂生槐对流沙的初步固定开始,随后固沙草开始侵入群落,逐渐形成了砂生槐-固沙草群落.另一种演替途径开始于固沙草群落,砂生槐在演替过程中出现在固沙草群落中,最后亦达到砂生槐-固沙草群落阶段.在一些半固定沙地阶段,藏沙蒿开始侵入群落,形成砂生槐+藏沙蒿群落.雅鲁藏布江风沙化土地的顶极群落是以砂生槐为优势种的灌丛群落.随着坡度增加,砂生槐群落盖度和高度有降低的趋势.生物结皮对土壤的理化性质有一定的改善作用,结皮覆盖处土壤水分含量显著高于其他演替阶段的表层土壤水分含量.流动沙地砂生槐灌丛冠幅、株高和萌蘖枝数量最高,其次是固定沙地,半固定沙地最低.各阶段枯死枝数量说明固定沙地阶段以后砂生槐种群有衰退的趋势.     

砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

探讨藏药砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.通过小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制动物模型,应用砂生槐水提取物对免疫抑制小鼠进行治疗,采用MTT比色法检测免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和放免法测定其血清IL-2和TNF-α水平.结果表明:与模型对照组比较,砂生槐水提取物三个剂量组均可协同ConA促进免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖(P＜0.01),同时提高免疫抑制小鼠血清IL-2、,INF-α的水平,尤其2.4 g/kg·d剂量组的IL-2、TNF-α水平升高较为明显(P＜0.05).提示砂生槐水提取物可以增强免疫抑制小鼠的T细胞免疫功能.     

槐糖脂的生物合成、发酵及分离纯化

槐糖脂是一类由酵母菌代谢生产的糖脂型生物表面活性剂,具有优越的表/界面活性和稳定性,且无毒、无刺激、易被生物降解,在众多领域具有良好的应用前景,被认为是最具潜力替代化学表面活性剂的生物表面活性剂之一.历经50余年的研究,槐糖脂的发酵生产工艺日趋成熟,但产品的分离纯化仍是难点.本文系统地综述了槐糖脂的结构、生物合成途径,...     

砂生槐的一新变型——白花砂生槐

描述了豆科苦参属砂生槐的一个新变型:白花砂生槐[Sophora moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker f.albiflora S.H.Yang].原变型的花冠为蓝紫色,而新变型的花冠为白色.     

不同干扰形式对砂生槐群落结构特征的影响

在雅鲁藏布江中游流域以放牧、封育和水淹3种不同干扰形式下的砂生槐群落为研究对象,从林分特征、物种组成、优势种种群发育状况和物种多样性等对群落特征进行对比研究,以揭示不同干扰形式对砂生槐群落结构的影响.结果显示:(1)砂生槐群落以群落A(放牧)的林分状况最好,其次为群落B(封育),群落C(水淹)最差;(2)不同干扰形式下群落中植物种类分别为群落A(13种)＞群落C(9种)＞群落B(6种);(3)优势种群生长状况说明放牧和封育形式下砂生槐生长情况基本一致,高度级和幅度级小的个体均较多,而水淹干扰下群落仅有少数生长旺盛的个体存在,种群呈衰退趋势;(4)物种多样性指数为群落A＞群落B＞群落C.研究表明:一定程度放牧干扰能够促进砂生槐种群更新,增加群落物种丰富度和物种多样性,封育可促进砂生槐种群萌蘖更新,而水淹则促使群落衰退.     

槐耳活性成分及抗癌分子机制

槐耳(Trametes robiniophila Murr.)是一味中草药，在临床上对各种肿瘤的治疗展现出了良好的效果。本文通过总结近年来槐耳抗癌的最新研究进展，介绍了槐耳的主要活性成分，包括槐耳粗体物、多糖类物质以及其他活性物质；阐述了槐耳在肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、消化道癌等恶性肿瘤中的研究及其作用机制，包括抑制增殖和转移、阻滞细胞周期、诱导凋亡和自噬、抗肿瘤内血管生成、增强肿瘤免疫原性微环境等；介绍了槐耳在临床应用以及联合用药过程中亟待解决的问题；旨在为槐耳的推广应用于临床提供参考。     

基于网络药理学探讨野生砂生槐生物活性机制

目的:基于成分-靶点-通路的网络药理学探讨野生植物砂生槐的生物活性机制,为野生砂生槐资源充分的开发和合理利用奠定基础.方法:PubChem、PharmMapper数据库筛选砂生槐化学成分药效团潜在靶点,Uniprot数据库对获得靶点进行UniProt ID校正和转化,STRING数据库构建蛋白互作网络,Cytoscap...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.