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1.
The ciliostatic activity of the chloroform-extractable endo- and exometabolites of 5 strains of filamentous fungi—Alternaria sp.,Aspergillus glaucus group,Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium sphœrospermum, Penicillium sp. andUlocladium sp.—isolated from molded walls of a dwelling—on tracheal cilia from 1-d-old chicksin vitro was evaluated. Endometabolites ofAlternaria sp. andA. versicolor and exometabolites ofUlocladium sp. were the most active, these extracts stopped the ciliary movement within 1 d. The results are discussed in relation to
the health status of people living in “moldy” dwellings. 相似文献
2.
The antibiotic-producing ability of 57 bacteria isolated from 8 marine sedentary organisms, 6 sponges (Spirastrella sp.,Phyllospongia sp.,Ircinia sp.,Aaptos sp.,Azorica sp.,Axinella sp.), 1 soft coral (Lobophytum sp.) and 1 alga (Sargassum sp.), was evaluated against 6 phytopathogenic fungi (Helminthosporium oryzae, Rhizoctonium solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus oryzae andA. fumigatus). Bacteria of the genusBacillus (20%),Pseudomonas (33%) andFlavobacterium (40%) were predominant among the heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the marine sponges, soft coral and alga, respectively.
Bioassay results revealed that 36 (63%) bacterial isolates displayed antifungal activity against at least one fungus, the
alga (Sargassum sp.) being the source of highest number (80%) of producer strains. Twelve bacterial isolates inhibited all fungi. The MIC
of the organic extracts of 12 bacteria ranged from 0.3 to 22.8 mg/L. 相似文献
3.
Screening of Korean marine plants for their inhibitory effect on histamine release from RPMCin vitro
Hee Jung Lee You Ah Kim Jong-Woong Ahn Ho-Jeong Na Hyung-Min Kim Youngwan Seo 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2006,11(1):80-83
Allergy, meaning ‘heightened reactivity’ of a host on being exposed to an antigen, is an immediate reaction which included
anaphylaxis following contact with an antigen. An anaphylatic reaction is caused by the release of pharmacological mediators,
like histamine, from mast cells. The potential anti-allergic activities of 27 seaweed and 19 salt marsh extracts collected
from the coast of Korea were tested against the inhibition of histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Among
them, three salt marsh plants (Persicaria lapathifolia, Ixeris tamagawaensis, andSalsola komarovir) significantly showed more than 75% of inhibition of the histamine release at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and also three
salt marsh (Messerschmidia sibirica, Rosa rugosa, andPortulaca oleraceae) and three seaweed (Colpomenia bullosa, Derbesia marina, andSargassum thunbergii) extracts exhibited moderately inhibition effects when compared to the control. 相似文献
4.
Polyclonal antiserum was raised against the mycelial extract ofPestalotiopsis theœ and immunoglobulin fractions were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, antiserum dilution up to 1∶16000 detected homologous antigen at a 5 mg/L concentration, and at 1∶125
antiserum dilution fungal antigens could be detected at a concentration as low as 25 μg/L. In fifteen varieties of tea tested,
originating from Darjeeling, UPASI and Tocklai breeding stations, absorbance values of infected leaf extracts were significantly
higher than those of healthy extracts at a concentration of 40 mg/L in indirect ELISA. ELISA-positive material was detected
in tea leaves as early as 12 h after inoculation withP. theœ. At antiserum dilutions up to 1∶125, the pathogen could be detected in inoculated leaf extracts up to antigen concentration
of 2 mg/L. The antiserum reacted with two other isolates ofP. theœ tested but not with the antigens from mycelial extracts ofGlomerella cingulata andCorticium invisum or with extracts of tea leaves inoculated with these pathogens. The results demonstrate that ELISA can be used for early
detection ofP. theœ in leaf tissues even at a very low level of infection. 相似文献
5.
Cell proliferation in the murine thymus was studied in vivo under normal conditions and from 0 to 24 hr after a single injection of a water-soluble extract from mouse thymus, mouse spleen, and mouse skin. The thymus extract reduced during the first 24 hr the mitotic activity 40%; the spleen extract had a weaker inhibitory effect. The skin extract had no such effect. The thymus extract and spleen extract inhibited the flux of cells into the S phase 0–8 hr after the injection of the extract. Initial labelling index was also reduced in this period. Eight hours after injection of the thymus or spleen extracts the inhibited cells initiated DNA synthesis. The rate of progression of blast cells through the cell cycle was normal 24 hr after the injection of the extracts. It was deduced from the analysis that the thymus extract inhibits processes triggering Go/Gi cells into DNA synthesis, the inhibition of G2 efflux being of minor importance. Finally a model for the regulation of proliferating thymic blast cells and the emigration of small lymphocytes from the thymus is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Females of the almond seed wasp,Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), responded in an olfactometer positively to odours from almond flowers and unripe fruits,
but not to almond leaf odours and odours from flowers and unripe fruits of certain other nonhostPrunus species. Males responded to none of these odours. Extracts of undamaged unripe almond fruits (using ethanol, methanol, acetone,
hexane, dichloromethane, or petroleum ether) stimulated female aggregation on glass surfaces treated with these extracts;
in addition, certain fruit extracts (ethanol, methanol, or acetone) stimulated oviposition. Extracts of undamaged almond leaves
(ethanol, methanol, or acetone) and flowers (ethanol or methanol) also stimulated female aggregation and oviposition. Aggregation
and oviposition in response to an ethanol extract of almond fruits was intense in females aged 5 to 14 days and from 12∶00
to 18∶00h (photophase between 06∶00 and 20∶00). Certain almond fruit (ethanol, methanol, acetone or hexane) and flower extracts
(ethanol or methanol) also provoked female response in the olfactometer. The results strongly suggest that certain chemical
stimuli emanating from parts of the almond tree play a major role in host selection and oviposition. Some of the extracts
tested may be a good source for the isolation, identification and synthesis of compounds stimulating attraction, aggregation
and oviposition in nature. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A3414024 00003 相似文献
7.
Natural predation first instar larvae of the cotton leafworm (CLW)A. argillacea was studied in cotton fields in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, during 1986. The presence of naturally occurring arthropod
predators showed a first instar larvae predation rate of 78.6 and 88.9% after 24 h and 48 h of exposure, respectively. A predator
prey ratio of 1∶1 (1 CLW key predator per 1 prey/plant) maintained a level of no more than 1 CLW small larvae per plant. The
most evident arthropod predators in the studied fields were: beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), antsPheidole sp. andConomyrma sp.;Dermaptera Doru lineare (Eschs);Hemiptera Geocoris sp., andOrius insidiosus Say; and the spidersTheridion volubile, Chrysso pulcherrima, Misumenops sp.,Chiracanthium sp., andOxyopes salticus Hentz.
相似文献
8.
Atakan Sukatar N.Ulku Karabay-Yavaşsoglu Guven Ozdemir Zerrin Horzum 《Annals of microbiology》2006,56(3):275-279
The methanol, dichloromethane, hexane, chloroform and volatile components ofEnteromorpha linza were testedin vitro for their antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive, four Gram-negative bacteria andCandida albicans ATCC 10239. GC-MS analysis of the volatile components ofE. linza resulted in the identification of 35 compounds which constituted 84.76% of the total compounds. The volatile components ofE. linza consisted of n-tetratriacontane (8.45%), 1-heptadecanamine (6.65%) and docosane (6.46%) as major components. The methanol and chloroform extracts showed more potent antimicrobial activity than hexane and dichloromethane extracts. The volatile oils of these algae did not remarkably inhibit the growth of tested microorganisms. 相似文献
9.
Roots and aerial shoots ofZygophyllum coccineum L.,Z. album L. andZ. dumosum Boiss were extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and tested against spore germination ofVerticellium albo-atrum andFusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici. The effectiveness of each extract depends on the solvent, plant species, organ and test fungus. Petroleum ether extracts
were ineffective as fungistatics while the methanol extracts possessed a high inhibitory effect toward spore germination suppression,
depending on the fungus and plant species. Water or ethyl acetate root extracts ofZ. album caused a marked suppression of spore germination of the test fungi. Six saponins were isolated from the effective extracts
on silica gel and Sephadex columns. They were identified by acid hydrolysis, alkaline saponification, IR and FAB MS. Quinovic
acid was the dominant aglycone. Kaempferol was isolated from the flavonoid fraction ofZ. dumosum for the first time. Some of the isolated saponins and kaempferol provided successful control against the test plant pathogens
under greenhouse experiment when used as seed treatment. 相似文献
10.
Thermophilic degradation of pectin was studied in batch cultures at 55°C by different associations of anaerobic bacteria, includingClostridium thermocellum, Methanobacterium sp., andMethanosarcina sp.Clostridium thermocellum alone produced large amounts of methanol along with some isopropanol and H2. The inoculation ofMethanobacterium sp. in the culture did not affect the metabolism ofC. thermocellum; this demonstrates the absence of interspecies hydrogen transfer. In the presence of the methylotrophicMethanosarcina sp., methanol was reduced to methane without effect on pectin hydrolysis; a small amount of the H2 produced was also used to reduce methanol. 相似文献
11.
Sandra A. Allan James S. Phillips Daniel E. Sonenshine 《Experimental & applied acarology》1991,11(1):9-21
Amblyomma americanum andA. maculatum were studied to determine if genital sex pheromones were present, as reported inDermacentor species. Chemical analysis of methanol extracts of the anterior reproductive tracts (source of the genital sex pheromone) ofA. americanum andA. maculatum confirmed the presence of the same fatty acids that act as components of the genital sex pheromone inDermacentor variabilis andD. andersoni. In bothAmblyomma species, removal of the anterior reproductive-tract of fed females eliminated the male copulatory response. ForA. americanum, use of anterior reproductive tract extracts made with water, methanol, ether and hexane elicited significant probing and copulatory responses by conspecific males. However, inA. maculatum, use of anterior reproductive-tract extracts made with water, methanol, ether, chloroform: methanol (41), hexane and pentane did not restore mating response by males. Treatment with known components ofDermacentor genital sex pheromones elicited weak but significant responses inA. americanum, but did not restore male mating responses inA. maculatum. These results indicate that genital sex pheromones exist inA. americanum and are not restricted to the genusDermacentor. Characteristics of theAmblyomma genital sex pheromone, however, do differ considerably from those inDermacentor. No genital sex pheromone was present inA. maculatum. 相似文献
12.
Seaweed is more than the wrap that keeps rice together in sushi. Seaweed biomass is already used for a wide range of other
products in food, including stabilising agents. Biorefineries with seaweed as feedstock are attracting worldwide interest
and include low-volume, high value-added products and vice versa. Scientific research on bioactive compounds in seaweed usually
takes place on just a few species and compounds. This paper reviews worldwide research on bioactive compounds, mainly of nine
genera or species of seaweed, which are also available in European temperate Atlantic waters, i.e. Laminaria sp., Fucus sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Chondrus crispus, Porphyra sp., Ulva sp., Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp. and Palmaria palmata. In addition, Undaria pinnatifida is included in this review as this is globally one of the most commonly produced, investigated and available species. Fewer
examples of other species abundant worldwide have also been included. This review will supply fundamental information for
biorefineries in Atlantic Europe using seaweed as feedstock. Preliminary selection of one or several candidate seaweed species
will be possible based on the summary tables and previous research described in this review. This applies either to the choice
of high value-added bioactive products to be exploited in an available species or to the choice of seaweed species when a
bioactive compound is desired. Data are presented in tables with species, effect and test organism (if present) with examples
of uses to enhance comparisons. In addition, scientific experiments performed on seaweed used as animal feed are presented,
and EU, US and Japanese legislation on functional foods is reviewed. 相似文献
13.
14.
L. A. Okorokov L. P. Lichko V. P. Kholodenko V. M. Kadomtseva S. B. Petrikevich E. I. Zaichkin A. M. Karimova 《Folia microbiologica》1975,20(6):460-466
The content of total, bound and osmotically free magnesium was estimated in various fungi and in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Total magnesium increases at lower growth rates ofEndomyces magnussi andPenicillium chrysogenum 140A as well as during the logarithmic stage of growth ofPenicillium chrysogenum Q-176. The binding of magnesium requires orthophosphate, decreasing during lack of external phosphate when the intracellular
concentration of free magnesium rises. The fungi were found to contain a novel form of bound magnesium, a polymeric magnesium
orthophosphate (POMg), which appears to take part in the control of free magnesium level inPenicillium chrysogenum Q-176. The level of free magnesium is proportional to the growth rate ofEndomyces magnusii andPenicillium chrysogenum Q-176 and 140A. Total, as well as free, magnesium changes less than three-fold as external Mg concentration is changed 13,000-fold.
The magnesium up against concentration gradients of 1∶25 to 1∶1300, the metal being distributed non-uniformation the cells
ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. 相似文献
15.
Both the volume and concentration of filtrate ofAspergillus niger andTrichoderma viride influenced the development of the radicles of cocoa seedlings. Radicles placed in Petri dishes containing filter paper moistened
with 20 and 30 ml of undiluted filtrate and filtrate dilutions of 1∶1 and 1∶2 failed to develop lateral roots and eventually
died.
The culture filtrate ofA. niger was more repressive. Radicles in the same volume of filtrate (20 and 30 ml) of higher dilutions (1∶5 and 1∶10) developed
lateral roots and survived. Radicles placed in less volume (≤10 ml) survived and produced lateral roots irrespective of concentration
of filtrates. Development of the radicles and roots in the control was consistently better (P=0.05) than in filtrate solutions of eitherA. niger orT. viride.
The hypocotyls of seedlings under the influence of metabolites ofA niger showed greater cambial activity and formed xylem vessels and tracheids with larger lumina. 相似文献
16.
Cell proliferation in the murine thymus was studied in vivo under normal conditions and from 0 to 24 hr after a single injection of a water-soluble extract from mouse thymus, mouse spleen, and mouse skin. The thymus extract reduced during the first 24 hr the mitiotic activity 40%; the spleen extract had a weaker inhibitory effect. The skin extract had no such effect. The thymus extract and spleen extract inhibited the flux of cells into the S phase 0-8 hr after the injection of the extract. Initial labelling index was also reduced in this period. Eight hours after injection of the thymus or spleen extracts the inhibited cells initiated DNA synthesis. The rate of progression of blast cells through the cell cycle was normal 24 hr after the injection of the extracts. It was deduced from the analysis that the thymus extract inhibits processes triggering G0/G1 cells into DNA synthesis, the inhibition of G2 efflux being of minor importance. Finally a model for the regulation of proliferating thymic blast cells and the emigration of small lymphocytes from the thymus is proposed. 相似文献
17.
Aim
To evaluate the suitability of marine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter cultures for Sargassum sp. fermentation to enhance its antioxidant and anticoagulation activity.Methods and Results
LAB isolated from marine source were characterized for their ability to utilize seaweed as a sole carbon source and applied to Sargassum fermentation. Fermentation period was optimized by monitoring the fermented sample at regular interval for a period of 18 days. Results revealed that a fermentation period of 12 days was effective with maximum culture viability and other desirable characteristics such as pH, total titratable acidity, total and reducing sugars. Under optimum fermentation period, the sample fermented with P1‐2CB‐w1 (Enterococcus faecium) exhibited maximum anticoagulation activity and antioxidant activity.Conclusions
The study reveals a novel well‐defined starter culture from marine origin intended for seaweed fermentation for recovery of bioactive molecules.Significance and Impact of the study
The study provides information for the enhancement of bioactive molecules in an eco‐friendly manner and also paves a way towards the development of wide range of seaweed functional foods. 相似文献18.
The use of different seaweeds such as Sargassum sp., Turbinaria conoides, and Ulva sp. in removing mercury(II) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The initial experimental runs, conducted at different equilibrium pH conditions, demonstrated that brown seaweeds outperformed green seaweed in Hg(II) biosorption at all pH conditions. In particular, at pH 5, maximum biosorption capacities of 170.3 and 145.8 mg/g were recorded for the brown seaweeds T. conoides and Sargassum sp., respectively, compared with 138.4 mg/g for the green seaweed Ulva sp. Isotherm data were modeled and interpreted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Toth models, with the latter described the Hg(II) isotherms with high correlation coefficients and low % error values. The kinetic data indicate the rapidity of the biosorption process, with the equilibrium achieved within 90 min. Several models, including the Elovich, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order models, were examined for their suitability with the present data; the correlation coefficient and % error values, along with better prediction of equilibrium uptake values, favored the pseudo-first-order model. The desorption experiments were highly successful for T. conoides biomass with 0.05 M HCl, whereas for the other two seaweeds, 0.05 M HCl resulted in high biomass weight loss. Reusing T. conoides biomass in three successive sorption-desorption cycles resulted in only 8.8% reduction in Hg(II) biosorption capacity compared with its original uptake. 相似文献
19.
Crude aqueous methanol extracts obtained from 31 species of various marine organisms (including flora land faunal), were screened for their antifungal activity against food poisoning strains of Aspergillus. Seventeen species exhibited mild (+ =zone of inhibition 1–2 mm) to significant (+++ =zone of inhibition 3–5 mm) activity against one or the other strain under experiment. However, extracts of 12 species were active against all the three strains. Organisms like Salicornia brachiata(obligate halophyte), Sinularia leptocladus(Soft coral), Elysia grandifolia (Mollusks),Gorgonian sp. 2 and Haliclona sp. exhibited significant (inhibition zone of 3–5 mm) antifungal activity against one or the other strains. However,extracts of A. ilicifolius, Amphiroa sp.,Poryphyra sp., Unidentified sponge, Suberites vestigium, Sinularia compressa,Sunularia sp., Sinularia maxima, Subergorgia suberosa, Echinogorgia pseudorassopo and Sabellaria cementifera were mild (inhibition zone of 1–2 mm) to moderate(inhibition zone of 2–3 mm) active against the respective strains. The growth of A. japonicuswas significantly inhibited by the extracts ofS. leptocladus (r = 0.992, p < 0.0001)and E. grandifolia (r = 0.989, p < 0.0001).This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by Tetraselmis chuii and Spirulina maxima was studied with dead and growing cells. Results indicated that the 2 microorganisms accumulated Cd by 2 different means according to the mechanisms involved—metabolism-dependent or metabolism-independent sorption. The mechanism involved in Cd accumulation on Tetraselmis chuii was restricted to surface phenomena, while in Spirulina maxima, Cd was accumulated on different layers of the cyanobacterium surface. In order to select a suitable immobilization support for the cells, several seaweeds were tested. Two types of seaweed were selected for experiments, using a small continuous pilot unit: Sargassum sp., a strong Cd adsorber, and Ulva sp., a poor one. The column reactors of the continuous system were filled with the algal supports and covered with dense microbial biofilms of Tetraselmis chuii or Spirulina maxima. The results obtained proved the success of the association between living microbial cells and dead seaweeds for operation of the continuous system. 相似文献