Description of Vishniacozyma terrae sp. nov. and Dioszegia terrae sp. nov., Two Novel Basidiomycetous Yeast Species Isolated from Soil in Korea

Two strains, YP344 and YP579 were isolated from soil samples in Pocheon City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The strains YP344 and YP579 belong to the genus Vishniacozyma and Dioszegia, respectively. The molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain YP344 was closely related to Vishniacozyma peneaus. Strain YP344^T differed by four nucleotide substitutions with no gap (0.70%) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 16 nucleotide substitutions with 8 gaps (5.76%) in the ITS region. On the other hand, the strain YP579^T varied from the type strain of the most closely related species, Dioszegia zsoltii var. zsoltii, by 6 nucleotide substitutions with four gaps (1.64%) in the D1/D2 domain of LSU rRNA gene and 26 nucleotide substitutions with 14 gaps (8.16%) in the ITS region. Therefore, the name Vishniacozyma terrae sp. nov. and Dioszegia terrae sp. nov. are proposed, with type strains YP344^T (KCTC27988^T) and YP579^T (KCTC 27998^T), respectively.     

Mitrula aurea sp. nov., A New Aero-Aquatic Species from the Republic of Korea

The genus Mitrula (Mitrulaceae, Helotiales), as also known as swamp beacons, inhabits submerged, decaying vegetation in standing or decaying needles, twigs, leaves, and shallow water. They play an important role in carbon cycling in some freshwater ecosystems. In the herbarium of the Korea National Arboretum (KH), seven Mitrula specimens were collected during mushroom forays in the period from 2019 to 2021. The Korean collections were found to be macromorphologically closely related to M. paludosa and M. elegans, but micromorphologically they could be distinguished by characteristics of slightly narrower asci and aseptate ascospores. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA regions also revealed that our specimens were related to M. paludosa and M. elegans, but formed a distinct clade. Based on these results, we reported our specimens as new to science and discussed the phylogeny and diversity of Mitrula species.     

Description of Notoernodes stoltzei sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Beraeidae), and of the larva of the genus

Notoernodes stoltzei sp. nov. is described from the Uzungwa Mountains in Tanzania based on pharate males and larvae. The previously unknown larval stage of the genus is also described. A revised diagnosis to Notoernodes is presented.     

贵州金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述(鲤形目,鲤科),封四

描记2009年8月采自贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区内洞塘乡地下河中的金线鲃属一新种,命名为洞塘金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus dongtangensis Zhou,Liu et Wang,sp.nov,正模标本编号为:20091123005,全长213.02 mm,体长167.12 mm;副模标本编号:20091123002,全长182.36 mm,体长139.26 mm.背鳍ⅲ-8,臀鳍ⅲ-5,胸鳍ⅰ-15-16,腹鳍ⅱ-8,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,不分枝鳍条10,下咽齿3行,2·3·4-4·3·2.该种的胸鳍和臀鳍等性状以及体形大致与巨须金线鲃S.hugeibarbus、高肩金线鲃S.altishoulderus和尧兰金线鲃S.yaolanensis相似,但新种的侧线鳞和第1鳃弓鳃耙数与三者都有一定差距,新种的侧线鳞为6520-26/16-1867;巨须金线鲃为6628-31/14-16-v71;高肩金线鲃为5414-17/9-11-v58; 尧兰金线鲃为5220-21/10-1154.新种的第1鳃弓鳃耙数为15;巨须金线鲃为9～11;高肩金线鲃为10～12;尧兰金线鲃为12～14.     

阔柄跳小蜂属一新种及二中国新记录种记述（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

记述采自中国东北地区的阔柄跳小蜂属1新种及2中国新记录种。新种长索阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus longifuniculus,sp.nov.育自辽宁省普兰店槲栎Quercus alien上的栎绛蚧Kermes sp.;纯黄阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycusalbopleuralis(Ashmead)育自黑龙江省哈尔滨市糖戚盔蚧Parthenolecaniumcorni(Bouche)、槐花球蚧Eulecanium kuwanai(Kanda)和吉林省长春市榆树上的1种蚧虫;软蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus insidiosus(Mercet)育自黑龙江省尚志市刺五加上的1种软蚧。模式标本保存于东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

Characterization of Bifidobacterium species in feaces of the Egyptian fruit bat: Description of B. vespertilionis sp. nov. and B. rousetti sp. nov.

Fifteen bifidobacterial strains were obtained from faeces of Rousettus aegyptiacus; after grouping them by RAPD PCR only eight were selected and characterized. Analysis of 16S rRNA and of five housekeeping (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ, dna G) genes revealed that these eight strains were classified into five clusters: Cluster I (RST 8 and RST 16^T), Cluster II (RST 9^T and RST 27), Cluster III (RST 7 and RST 11), Cluster IV (RST 19), Cluster V (RST 17) were closest to Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685^T (96.3%), Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973^T (99.2% and 99.7%), Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201^T (99.7 and 99.2%), Bifidobacterium reuteri DSM 23975 ^T (98.9%) and Bifidobacterium myosotis DSM 100196^T (99.3%), respectively. Strains in Cluster I and strain RST 9 in Cluster II could not be placed within any recognized species while the other ones were identified as known species. The average nucleotide identity values between two novel strains, RST 16^T and RST 9^T and their closest relatives were lower than 79% and 89%, respectively. In silico DNA–DNA hybridization values for those closest relatives were 32.5 and 42.1%, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic tests demonstrated that strains in Cluster I and RST 9^T in Cluster II represent two novel species for which the names Bifidobacterium vespertilionis sp. nov. (RST 16^T = BCRC 81138^T = NBRC 113380^T = DSM 106025^T ; RST 8 = BCRC 81135 = NBRC 113377) and Bifidobacterium rousetti sp. nov. (RST 9^T = BCRC 81136^T = NBRC 113378^T = DSM 106027^T) are proposed.     

Description of Quinisulcius solani n.sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchorhynchidae) with a Key to the Species and Data on Scutylenchus koreanus from Pakistan

A new species. Quinisulcius solani, is described and illustrated from specimens on Solanum tuberosum from Murree Hills, Pakistan. Q. solani n.sp. differs from its closest relative, Q. acutus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971, by its spiral to open ''C'' shaped body and stylet length of 19 μn, vs. 17 μm in Q. acutus. In Q. acutus the stylet knobs project anteriorly but slope posteriorly in Q. solani n.sp. Tail annules number 17 in Q. acutus but 38 in Q. solani n.sp.; also the phasmids in the former species are at mid-tail and in the latter are in anterior half of tail, at about 34%. Q. solani n.sp. is also closely related to Q. capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971 but differs in some characters. Head annules number eight and stylet length is 17 μm in Q. capitatus, but head annules are six and stylet length is 19 μm in Q. solani n.sp. In Q. capitatus T/ABW is 3 vs. 2.2 in Q. solani n.sp. Also, phasmids are located at mid-tail on Q. capitatus but at ahout one-third of the tail on Q. solani n.sp. A key to the 10 species of Quinisulcius is also presented. Scutylenchus koreanus (Choi &Geraert, 1971) Siddiqi, 1979 is recorded for the first time in Pakistan and morphometric data and illustrations given.     

Description of Triplophysa luochengensis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from a karst cave in Guangxi,China

A new cave‐dwelling fish Triplophysa luochengensis is described based on specimens collected from a karst cave in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, that is interconnected to the Hongshui River drainage. The species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: eyes degenerated, anal fin with six branched rays, caudal fin with 16–17 branched rays, pectoral‐fin length 72·4–95·8% of the distance between pectoral‐fin origin and pelvic‐fin origin, lateral head length 26·2–28·2% of standard length (L_S), eye diameter 7·5–8·6 of L_S, body covered by sparse scales, lateral line complete and 7–8 pre‐operculo‐mandibular pores. Dark pigments irregularly present on dorsum of head, dorsum and flank.     

Distribution and Geographic Variation in the Western Woolly Lemur (Avahi occidentalis) with Description of a New Species (A. unicolor

The western woolly lemur is distributed through central western, northwestern and possibly northern Madagascar and is traditionally viewed as a monotypic species (Avahi occidentalis) or as a subspecies of A. laniger. We present new data on body weights of Avahi which, together with previously available body weights, provide additional evidence for recognizing eastern and western woolly lemurs as two distinct species. We then reexamine the distributions of, and chromatic variation within and between, populations of western woolly lemurs. A comparative study of wild subjects and museum skins reveals that several geographically discrete morphs exist in western Avahi, which is clearly polytypic. Marked differences between populations in fur coloration suggest that 3 distinct taxa should be recognized. The populations differ considerably in their habitat structure. In addition, field observations suggest clear differences in population density between 2 of the populations. We describe and name one new species.     

Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Opisthosporidia: New Aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae gen. et sp. nov.

Aphelids are a poorly known group of parasitoids of algae that have raised considerable interest due to their pivotal phylogenetic position. Together with Cryptomycota and the highly derived Microsporidia, they have been recently re‐classified as the Opisthosporidia, which constitute the sister group to the fungi within the Holomycota. Despite their huge diversity, as revealed by molecular environmental studies, and their phylogenetic interest, only three genera have been described (Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium), from which 18S rRNA gene sequences exist only for Amoeboaphelidium and Aphelidium species. Here, we describe the life cycle and ultrastructure of a new representative of Aphelida, Paraphelidium tribonemae gen. et sp. nov., and provide the first 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained for this genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that Paraphelidium is distantly related to both Aphelidium and Amoebaphelidium, highlighting the wide genetic diversity of aphelids. Paraphelidium tribonemae has amoeboflagellate zoospores containing a lipid‐microbody complex, dictyosomes, and mitochondria with rhomboid cristae, which are also present in trophonts and plasmodia. The amoeboid trophont uses pseudopodia to feed from the host cytoplasm. Although genetically distinct, the genus Paraphelidium is morphologically indistinguishable from other aphelid genera and has zoospores able to produce lamellipodia with subfilopodia like those of Amoeboaphelidium.     

Cryptic diversity of free-living parabasalids, Pseudotrichomonas keilini and Lacusteria cypriaca n. g., n. sp., as inferred from small subunit rDNA sequences

Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicate that the Parabasalia consists of seven main subgroups: the Trichomonadida, Honigbergiellida, Hypotrichomonadida, Tritrichomonadida, Cristamonadida, Spirotrichonymphida, and Trichonymphida. Only five species of free-living parabasalids are known: Monotrichomonas carabina, Ditrichomonas honigbergii, Honigbergiella sp., Tetratrichomonas undula, and Pseudotrichomonas keilini. Phylogenetic analyses show that free-living species do not form a clade and instead branch in several different positions within the context of their parasitic relatives. Because the diversity of free-living parabasalids is poorly understood, the systematics of these lineages is in a significant state of disarray. In order to better understand the phylogenetic distribution of free-living parabasalids, we sequenced the small subunit rDNA from three different strains reminiscent of P. keilini; the strains were isolated from different geographical locations: (1) mangrove sediments in Japan and (2) sediments in Cyprus. These data demonstrated that the free-living parabasalids P. keilini and Lacusteria cypriaca n. g., n. sp., form a paraphyletic assemblage near the origin of a clade consisting mostly of parasitic trichomonadids (e.g. Trichomonas vaginalis). This paraphyletic distribution of similar morphotypes indicates that free-living trichomonadids represent a compelling example of morphostasis that provides insight into the suite of features present in the most recent free-living ancestor of their parasitic relatives.     

中国云南色串孢科的新种苍山长喙孢和新记录露

本研究对中国滇西北地区淡水木腐真菌进行了调查,在云南省的苍山、怒江和澜沧江采集到3个菌株。根据形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析（ITS、LSU、SSU、TEF1-α和RPB2）描述了新种——苍山长喙孢Rostriconidium cangshanense。苍山长喙孢的特征是菌体形态与营养菌丝不同,分生孢子梗单生或者松散成束,光滑或粗糙;产孢细胞多芽、深褐色、具有黑色驼峰状的分生孢子脱落痕;分生孢子梭形至倒棒状、长喙状,6-8个横隔,有明显油滴状细胞内含物,有时具顶端粘膜鞘。露兜长喙孢Rostriconidium pandanicola报道为世界淡水环境的新记录。     

钩形革伊螨新种记述和新美革伊螨特征补充(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股:土革螨科)

记述革伊螨属1新种:钩形革伊螨Gamasiphis aduncus sp.nov.,并补充新美革伊螨Gamasiphis novipulchellus Ma et Yin, 1998特征.