丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合材料在组织工程中应用的研究进展

丝素蛋白(silk fibroin,SF)和壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,然而单一组分的SF和CS支架材料的诸多缺点限制了其在组织工程研究中的应用。SF/CS复合材料克服单一组分SF和CS支架的缺点,具有力学性能优良、可塑性好、孔隙率及孔径可调和组分优势互补等特点。多种方法制备的SF/CS复合材料(微米/纳米颗粒、膜、纳米纤维、水凝胶和三维多孔支架)已用于骨、软骨、皮肤、神经、脂肪、心脏和角膜等组织工程或组织损伤修复的研究中。目前,国内外对于SF/CS复合材料在组织工程中应用的研究尚处于起步阶段。主要对SF/CS复合材料的特点、制备方法以及在多种组织工程中应用的研究现状进行了简要介绍。     

纤维粘连蛋白及层粘连蛋白与肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移

纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)及层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)是近年来受到广泛重视的细胞外基质非胶原糖蛋白。FN主要由中胚层来的细胞产生,亦可由上皮细胞及内皮细胞生成;LN则主要由上皮细胞及内皮细胞合成。FN以可溶及不溶两种形式分别存在于各种体液及细胞外基质(包括某些基膜);LN则以不溶的形式     

PHB/PLLA组织工程前交叉韧带支架材料改性的实验研究

目的:探索体外构建组织工程前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的三维支架材料。方法:以聚羟基丁酸已酯/聚左旋乳酸(PHB/PLLA1:1)制备"三明治"样结构共聚物并测量其孔隙率等指标。以I型胶原对制备的PHB/PLLA支架进行杂化,获得PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架。扫描电镜观察其表面结构。将兔皮肤成纤维细胞(SF)接种于PHB/PLLA支架与PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架,观察其在材料上生长情况。结果:PHB/PLLA支架杂化后胶原填充于纤维空隙,分布比较均匀。体外培养的胶原杂化支架材料上要比PHB/PLLA支架有更多的皮肤成纤维细胞生长。结论:胶原杂化有利于细胞种植和生长,PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架具有良好的三维构型和生物相容性,有望为前交叉韧带损伤的修复提供了一种新型的支架材料。     

人腺病毒41型纤维丝状包涵体免疫电镜研究

为明确人腺病毒41型(Adenovirus type 41,Ad41)形态发生过程中形成的纤维丝状包涵体(Fibrillous inclusion body,FIB)是否含有Ad41的长纤维(Long fiber,LF)蛋白与短纤维(Short fiber,SF)蛋白。我们分别原核表达和纯化Ad41LF、SF的球部(Knob)蛋白,分别命名为LFK与SFK。以LFK和SFK分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别获得LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清。Western blot、间接免疫荧光和免疫负染结果表明,LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清分别与LF和SF结合,LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清之间无交叉反应,可以应用于免疫电镜标记。通过Ad41抗血清、腺病毒纤维单克隆抗体4D2、LFK抗血清与SFK抗血清分别对FIB进行免疫电镜胶体金标记,表明Ad41抗血清、腺病毒纤维单克隆抗体4D2、LFK抗血清与SFK抗血清均能标记FIB,说明FIB中含有Ad41长纤维蛋白和短纤维蛋白。     

静电纺丝的主要参数对ＰＬＧＡ纤维支架形貌和纤维直径的影响

目的以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为材料,采用静电纺丝方法制备纤维支架,考察制备参数对纤维支架结构及纤维直径的影响规律。方法以四氢呋喃(THF)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合液为溶剂,调节PLGA溶液浓度、流量及电场强度分别制备了具有不同表面形貌的纤维支架。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了纺丝溶液的浓度、流量及电场强度对纤维形貌和直径的影响。同时在制备的PLGA纤维支架上接种了人的真皮成纤维细胞,并对细胞在PLGA支架上的黏附和增殖情况进行了研究,从而来评价支架材料的细胞相容性。结论结果表明,随着纺丝溶液浓度的增加,纤维直径逐渐增大,纤维直径的分布也随之增大。随着流量的增加,纤维直径略有增大。随着电场强度的增大,纤维直径没有明显的变化。但是电压和浓度的增大有助于减少珠丝的产生。体外细胞培养实验证明,制备的PLGA纤维支架能支持细胞正常的黏附和增殖活动。     

视网膜基膜对培养鸡胚视网膜神经纤维生长的作用

我们取视网膜基膜作为培养基底,证明了基膜能诱导和调节鸡胚视网膜神经纤维的生长,也可能影响纤维的生长方向。用抗层粘连蛋白的抗血清预先处理基膜,不能改变基膜上视网膜纤维生长的长度和图谱。PNA和抗PNA抗血清预先处理的基膜也不能改变纤维生长的长度,但却能改变生长图谱。神经氨酸酶预处理基膜能减少纤维生长长度。而轻度胰酶处理对纤维生长长度各有不同程度的降低。培养液中加入PNA(100微克/1毫升)24小时内能将视网膜纤维的生长图谱由直束式改变为网格式,其他凝集素(WGA,ConA)均未见这种作用。因此,基膜对纤维生长的作用很可能是多种分子综合作用的结果,其中PNA-受体也许起了重要作用。     

纳米纤维家蚕丝蛋白软支架制备及性能

【目的】通过调控蚕丝蛋白溶液的状态,可实现对蚕丝蛋白支架的力学及结构性能的调控,获得适宜于内皮细胞生长的支架材料,解决复杂组织修复中由于不利于组织长入和血管生长而导致组织功能无法修复的问题。【方法】向新鲜蚕丝蛋白溶液中添加蚕丝蛋白纳米纤维增加冻干支架的成孔性,基于丝蛋白自组装原理对丝素蛋白溶液进行浓缩处理增加分子间亲水作用力,获得不同状态的丝蛋白溶液,最后冷冻干燥,制备支架,观察蚕丝蛋白状态变化对支架性能的影响。【结果】实验结果表明,蚕丝蛋白溶液经浓缩处理可以降低支架Silk II的形成,获得较柔软支架。【结论】添加蚕丝蛋白纳米纤维并浓缩处理可以获得模量适宜内皮细胞生长的支架材料,为不同软组织的修复提供了良好的基质材料。     

绞股蓝提取液对蛋白核小球藻的化感效应及影响机理研究

以中草药植物绞股蓝[Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino]为化感供体材料,研究其不同浓度的提取液(0、5、10、25、50 g/L)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidesa)生长及生理生化特征的化感效应。结果表明:(1)绞股蓝提取液对蛋白核小球藻生长均具有抑制作用,其抑制作用随提取液质量浓度增大和培养时间延长均呈增强趋势,且25 g/L绞股蓝提取液培养15 d时的抑制率达到最大(79.41%)。(2)各浓度绞股蓝处理组蛋白核小球藻细胞内的叶绿素a含量均低于对照组,且随着提取液浓度升高以及处理时间延长叶绿素a含量较对照的降低量越多,表明蛋白核小球藻光合作用受到的影响也越大。(3)绞股蓝处理组蛋白核小球藻细胞的膜透性(吸光度OD_(264))显著高于对照,且膜透性随着提取液浓度增大而增强;高浓度提取液处理下,藻细胞内部的可溶性蛋白质(OD_(280))及核酸(OD_(260))含量均显著高于对照,且随着处理时间延长,细胞膜透性增大,细胞内部的可溶性蛋白质及核酸向胞外渗透增多。研究发现,绞股蓝提取液能够抑制蛋白核小球藻生长,并随着提取液质量浓度增大而增强;绞股蓝提取液能促进藻细胞叶绿素分解、增加细胞膜透性,引起可溶性蛋白质和核酸向胞外渗透量升高,导致藻细胞结构受损,代谢功能紊乱,从而达到化感抑制作用。     

不同中间丝类型细胞系间交叉污染的抗中间丝蛋白免疫荧光检测

本文采用抗角蛋白抗体,抗结蛋白抗体和抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体的免疫荧光法,对上皮细胞/间质源细胞,上皮细胞/星形胶质细胞,肌肉源细胞/上皮细胞,肌肉源细胞/间质细胞和星形胶质细胞/上皮细胞等6个实验交叉污 染系统进行了检测。结果表明:此法是检测不同类型细胞系间交叉污染的一个非常有用的方法。其明显的优点是操作简便,结果灵敏可靠。     

视网膜神经纤维在不同发育时期鸡胚视网膜基膜上的生长~*

我们曾证实了鸡胚视网膜基膜是培养视网膜神经纤维生长的最适基底。本文研究了不同发育时期鸡胚(E6、E12)的基膜对于不同发育时期(鸡胚E6、E12;新生金仓鼠d 0,d1,d 9和成年金仓鼠)视网膜纤维生长的影响。结果是:(1)随着视网膜的发育,在E6或E12基膜上神经纤维生长的长度和茂密程度下降;(2)发育早期的视网膜(E 6,d 0,d 1)在E6和E12基膜上,纤维生长的长度相近;(3)发育晚期的(E 12,d 9)以及成熟的视网膜在E12基膜上纤维生长的长度要比E6基膜上的长(约1.5-1.9倍);(4)E12和E6基膜对纤维生长作用的差别可能和层粘连蛋白有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.