ARTP诱变选育鼠李糖脂高产菌及鼠李糖脂促进枯草芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶的研究

旨在选育鼠李糖脂高产菌株,以实验室筛选的产鼠李糖脂的Pseudomonas aeruginosa C3为出发菌株进行常压室温等离子体诱变(ARTP),选育出一株高产突变株Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC-11,产量比出发菌株提高了74.1%。进一步对产鼠李糖脂的摇瓶发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了优化,优化后的鼠李糖脂产量达42 g/L,底物转化率达到0.7 g/g底物。添加0.01%鼠李糖脂到Bacillus subtilis CL产羧甲基纤维素酶与木聚糖酶的培养基中,羧甲基纤维素酶活与木聚糖酶活分别提高12.9%和18.3%。研究表明,鼠李糖脂通过增加细胞通透性来提高胞外酶产量。     

铜绿假单胞杆菌O-2-2产鼠李糖脂的发酵培养基优化及LC-MS/MS分析

鼠李糖脂是一种性能优良的生物表面活性剂,在生物医药、环境保护、二次采油等方面具有很高的应用潜力.采用响应面分析法,对铜绿假单胞杆菌O-2-2的培养基进行了优化.Plackett-Burman(PB)实验设计表明,磷酸盐、硝酸盐和微量元素对鼠李糖脂的产量具有显著影响.Box-Behnke (BB)优化确定最佳培养基组成为磷酸盐、硝酸盐和微量元素用量分别为3.2g/L、13.76g/L和5.17ml,理论的最大产量为8.48g/L,与实测糖脂产量8.85g/L接近.摇瓶优化后的鼠李糖脂产量较优化前的6.24g/L提高了30.8％.最优化条件下采用10％的接种量逐级放大,并通过补料发酵,最终200L罐的鼠李糖脂产量达到70g/L,发酵时间仅为110h.采用新发明的二次蒸馏工艺,鼠李糖脂纯度达86.6％.液质联用(LC-MS)分析表明所生产的鼠李糖脂成分及含量为:双糖单脂32.9％、双糖双脂17.02％、单糖单脂3.16％、单糖双脂33.54％.     

铜绿假单胞菌高产鼠李糖脂菌株的筛选

从多种来源筛选高产鼠李糖脂的菌株,并研究菌种发酵特性和鼠李糖脂产物的理化性质。采用CTAB平板初步筛选鼠李糖脂合成菌株,通过分析菌株的16S r RNA基因序列确定细菌种属,采用薄层色谱、红外光谱分析产物性质。结果显示,利用CTAB平板初筛获得163株阳性菌株,初步发酵确定10株高产细菌鼠李糖脂的产量为12.2-17.7 g/L,10株细菌均鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌。挑选产量最高的菌株B12,分别以甘油、菜籽油、花生饼粉或葵花籽饼粉为碳源进行发酵,发现菜籽油为合成鼠李糖脂的最佳碳源。进一步对比在35℃、37℃和40℃的发酵水平,发现37℃条件下鼠李糖脂产量最高,为26.8 g/L。最后,对鼠李糖脂发酵产物进行了初步纯化,并进行了薄层色谱和红外光谱分析。菌株B12能够合成较高水平的鼠李糖脂,可能成为工业生产的候选菌株。     

9株海洋来源铜绿假单胞菌合成鼠李糖脂的比较分析

目的:从海洋来源的铜绿假单胞菌中筛选多株具有鼠李糖脂合成能力的菌株。方法:以9株分离自不同海洋环境的铜绿假单胞菌为研究对象,考察并比较其发酵合成鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的表面活性、产量和产物成分的差异,扩增并比对合成途径中的关键基因。结果:9株菌的发酵产物均具有表面活性,其中菌株1A01151发酵液的表面活性最强,表面张力值可降低至28 m N/m;9株菌的基因组中均含有鼠李糖脂合成途径中关键基因rhl AB和rhl C,都具有合成单、双鼠李糖脂的能力;菌株1A01151和1A00364的发酵产量最高(2.69 g/L),产物经LC-MS/MS检测,所合成的鼠李糖脂同系物组分不同,双糖双脂的含量最高(1A01151:75.96%;1A00364:61.01%)。结论:海洋来源的铜绿假单胞菌是具有鼠李糖脂高产潜力的菌株,可用于合成性能不同、组成多样的鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂。     

鼠李糖脂对微生物降解石油烃废水的影响

目的:研究鼠李糖脂对微生物降解石油烃废水的影响.方法:通过测定生物量和观察菌株表面来研究鼠李糖脂对菌株的影响;通过正交实验设计,确定石油烃降解率影响因素.通过石油烃降解率的测定,探讨鼠李糖脂与H2O2深度氧化协同作用对微生物降解石油烃的影响.结果:菌株对石油烃的降解率达53%,在相同条件下,添加鼠李糖脂的石油烃降解率提高了12%-20%.添加鼠李糖脂后菌株的生物量明显增多,菌株细胞表面疏水.正交设计表明,影响石油烃降解的主导因子是培养温度,其次是培养时间和鼠李糖脂的添加量.正交设计得到最佳组合为A3B2C1,即培养时间为7d;温度为35℃,鼠李糖脂浓度为60mg/L.3个因素的最佳组合下,石油烃降解率为82%.加入200 mg/L的H2O2时,降解率从82%提高到97%.结论:鼠李糖脂能促进菌株的生长.鼠李糖脂与H2O2深度氧化协同作用有助于微生物对石油烃类污染物降解效率的提高.     

一株分离自海水的产生物表面活性剂菌株的鉴定及其发酵优化

为研究分离自海水的芽孢杆菌dhs-330产生物表面活性剂的培养条件和产物特性,采用16S r DNA基因序列分析鉴定菌种,对发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、p H值和培养温度进行优化,采用飞行时间质谱进行产物鉴定及抑菌圈法考察产物抑菌活性。结果显示,该菌株与Bacillus mojavensis菌株16S r DNA的序列相似性为99%。菌株发酵液表面张力可由70 m N·m-1降低至27 m N·m-1。发酵培养基的最适碳源、有机氮源和无机氮源分别为甘油、酵母膏和尿素;p H值为6.5~7.0、温度为30~35℃条件下,菌体生长和生物表面活性剂合成最为有利。发酵产物为脂肽-糖脂混合型生物表面活性剂,对海洋污损微生物Bacillus pumilus dhs04有显著的抑菌活性。菌株dhs-330是能合成脂肽-糖脂混合生物表面活性剂、具有海洋污损微生物防除潜力的优选菌株。     

Construction of recombinant strain containing vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene(Vnb) of aeruginosa and its rhamnolipid expressing conditions

将RDR(ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase)启动子驱动下的透明颤菌(Vitreoscilla sp.)血红蛋白(Vitreoscilla hemoglobin,VHb)基因的表达载体pSETRDR-VHb转入铜绿假单胞(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)S301菌株中.并对其中阳性转化子AY26菌株进行了鼠李糖脂表达条件的研究.正交实验L9(43)优化培养基,最佳组分为:硫酸镁0.075％、硝酸钠0.5％、清油3mL/L、酒石酸钠0.4％.在限碳培养条件下,转化子SY26鼠李糖脂产量达到12.9 g/L,比对照菌株S301(8.4 g/L)提高150％,5L发酵罐放大实验验证,重组菌AY26的表面活性剂产量达到33.12 g/L.     

含血红蛋白基因(VHb)的铜绿假单胞菌重组菌的构建及鼠李糖脂表达条件的研究

将RDR（ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase）启动子驱动下的透明颤菌（Vitreoscillasp．）血红蛋白（Vitreoscilla hernoglobin,VHb）基因的表达载体pSETRDR-VHb转入铜绿假单胞（Pseudamanas aeruginosa）s301菌株中。并对其中阳性转化子AY26菌株进行了鼠李糖脂表达条件的研究。正交实验k（4。）优化培养基,最佳组分为：硫酸镁0．075％、硝酸钠0．5％、清油3mUL、酒石酸钠0．4％。在限碳培养条件下,转化子SY26鼠李糖脂产量达到12．9dL,比对照菌株S301（8．4g／L）提高150％,5L发酵罐放大实验验证,重组菌AY26的表面活性剂产量达到33．12g／L。     

废弃食用油脂生物合成鼠李糖脂研究进展

碳源的成本过高限制了鼠李糖脂的工业化生产及应用,废弃食用油脂作为一种廉价易得的碳源,越来越多的研究者开始关注用它发酵生产鼠李糖脂.废弃食用油脂的种类、投加量对鼠李糖脂的产量、结构、性质均会产生影响,目前研究中用废弃食用油脂作碳源,鼠李糖脂产量最高可达24.61g/L、表面张力最低达到24mN/m、产物CMC最低可达40.19mg/L.此外,本文还总结了菌株、氮源、微量元素、pH、溶氧及培养方式等因素对废弃食用油脂生产鼠李糖脂的影响,并展望了利用废弃食用油脂生产鼠李糖脂实现产业化的重点研究方向.     

以甘油为底物鼠李糖脂高产菌株的诱变选育

通过诱变选育,将铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)RG-14利用甘油发酵生产鼠李糖脂产量由13.6g/L提高到16.5 g/L。突变株经过5次连续传代培养,菌株仍维持稳定的鼠李糖脂产量,表明该菌株具有较好的遗传稳定性。利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术分析诱变后菌株发酵甘油生产鼠李糖脂的组成,结果显示鼠李糖脂由Rha-C8-C8、Rha-C8-C10、Rha-C10-C10、Rha-C10-C12∶1、Rha-C10-C12、Rha2-C8-C10、Rha2-C10-C10、Rha2-C10-C12∶1和Rha2-C10-C12组成,其中单、双鼠李糖脂的相对丰度分别为54.8%和45.2%。当以工业粗甘油代替精甘油为底物时,该菌株鼠李糖脂产量达到14.2 g/L,表明其具有较好的应用潜力。     

高产表面活性素的重组枯草芽孢杆菌构建及培养优化

表面活性素是一种新型生物表面活性剂,因其具有良好的表面活性、可生物降解及抗菌活性,在石油开采、医药、农业和食品化妆品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。高产表面活性素菌株的获得和发酵过程优化是其商业化生产的关键。文中考察了脂肪酸合成途径对表面活性素合成的影响,强化脂肪酸生物合成关键基因以及该途径全部基因分别构建了高产表面活性素枯草芽孢杆菌BacillussubtilisTHBS-2和THBS-8,并对发酵过程中氨基酸种类及添加量、诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)添加时间和添加量等条件对产物合成的影响进行考察,获得优化的两阶段前体添加方案:发酵3 h,加入IPTG和L-亮氨酸,使其终浓度分别为1.25 mmol/L、5 g/L;发酵24 h,添加L-亮氨酸(终浓度5 g/L)和浓缩培养基5 mL。优化条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌THBS-2摇瓶发酵48 h,表面活性素产量高达24 g/L;30 L发酵罐中发酵68 h,产物产量最高达到34 g/L。研究结果为表面活性素的工业化生产及应用奠定基础。     

A novel high-throughput and quantitative method based on visible color shifts for screening <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> THY-15 for surfactin production

A novel chromatic visible screening method using bromothymol blue (BTB) as a color indicator and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a mediator was constructed to obtain the high titer surfactin-producing strains. The reliability and quantification accuracy of color shift were also confirmed. Regular chromatic responses from faint yellow-green to dark green and bright blue reflected the different ranges of surfactin concentrations. Moreover, the quantitative accuracy of surfactin quantification in the range of 100–500 mg/L was verified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using different fermentation supernatant samples. Using this CPC–BTB method, a superior surfactin producer, Bacillus subtilis THY-15, was successfully screened. The producer’s surfactin (Srf) titer reached 1240 mg/L. RP-HPLC analysis of THY-15 revealed four surfactin isoforms. As identified by amino acid analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, the isoforms of surfactin in fraction 1, 2 and 4 had the same circular peptide sequence of Glu-Leu-Leu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu but different iso-C₁₃, C₁₄ and C₁₅ fatty acid chains, but the isoform in fraction 3 possessed a special peptide sequence of Glu-Val-Leu-Leu-Asp-Leu-Val.     

Multi-stage high cell continuous fermentation for high productivity and titer

We carried out the first simulation on multi-stage continuous high cell density culture (MSC-HCDC) to show that the MSC-HCDC can achieve batch/fed-batch product titer with much higher productivity to the fed-batch productivity using published fermentation kinetics of lactic acid, penicillin and ethanol. The system under consideration consists of n-serially connected continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) with either hollow fiber cell recycling or cell immobilization for high cell-density culture. In each CSTR substrate supply and product removal are possible. Penicillin production is severely limited by glucose metabolite repression that requires multi-CSTR glucose feeding. An 8-stage C-HCDC lactic acid fermentation resulted in 212.9 g/L of titer and 10.6 g/L/h of productivity, corresponding to 101 and 429% of the comparable lactic acid fed-batch, respectively. The penicillin production model predicted 149% (0.085 g/L/h) of productivity in 8-stage C-HCDC with 40 g/L of cell density and 289% of productivity (0.165 g/L/h) in 7-stage C-HCDC with 60 g/L of cell density compared with referring batch cultivations. A 2-stage C-HCDC ethanol experimental run showed 107% titer and 257% productivity of the batch system having 88.8 g/L of titer and 3.7 g/L/h of productivity. MSC-HCDC can give much higher productivity than batch/fed-batch system, and yield a several percentage higher titer as well. The productivity ratio of MSC-HCDC over batch/fed-batch system is given as a multiplication of system dilution rate of MSC-HCDC and cycle time of batch/fed-batch system. We suggest MSC-HCDC as a new production platform for various fermentation products including monoclonal antibody.     

Enhanced production of surfactin from Bacillus subtilis by addition of solid carriers

Addition of a small quantity of solid porous carriers (e.g., activated carbon or expanded clay) into fermentation broth significantly increased surfactin production with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. Culture medium containing 25 g L(-1) of activated carbon gave an optimal surfactin yield of 3600 mg L(-1), which was approximately 36-fold higher than that obtained from carrier-free liquid culture. The marked increase in surfactin production was primarily attributed to stimulation of cell growth due to the presence of activated carbon carriers. Concentration of limiting carbon substrate (glucose) is also an important factor affecting the production of surfactin, as an initial glucose concentration of 40 g L(-1) resulted in optimal surfactin production. An appropriate agitation rate also benefited surfactin production, as the best yield appeared at an agitation rate of 200 rpm. Surfactin was purified from fermentation broth via a series of acidic precipitation and solvent extraction. The resulting product was nearly 90% pure with a recovery efficiency of ca. 72%. The purified surfactin reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 27 mN m(-1) with a critical micelle concentration of ca. 10 mg L(-1). The surfactin product also attained an emulsion index of 70% for kerosene and diesel at a low concentration of 100 and 600 mg L(-1), respectively.     

Optimizing iron supplement strategies for enhanced surfactin production with Bacillus subtilis

Supplement of Fe(2+) into fermentation medium was utilized as a tool to optimize the iron-mediated enhancement of surfactin production from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. Up to 3000 mg L(-)(1) of surfactin was produced using an iron-enriched minimal salt (MS) medium amended with an optimal Fe(2+) dosage of 4.0 mM, leading to 8-fold and 10-fold increase in cell concentration and surfactin yield, respectively, as compared to those without Fe(2+) supplement. In addition to resulting in an optimal production yield of surfactin, a supplement of 4.0 mM of Fe(2+) also propelled maximum overall surfactin production rate to a highest value of 24 mg L(-)(1) h(-)(1). Our results also show that production of surfactin followed a growth-associated kinetic model. The best yield coefficient estimated from the model was ca. 162 mg surfactin (g dry cell)(-)(1). The supernatant of the iron-enriched culture of B. subtilis ATCC 21332 exhibited the ability to emulsify kerosene and achieved a maximum emulsion index (E(24)) of 80% for culture supplemented with 4.0 mM of Fe(2+). Comparison of emulsion index and the corresponding surfactin production indicates that the emulsification activity was essentially contributed by surfactin.     

Clarified cashew apple juice as alternative raw material for biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis in a batch bioreactor

Clarified cashew apple juice was evaluated as carbon source for surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis LAMI005 isolated from the tank of chlorination at the Wastewater Treatment Plant on Campus do Pici (WWTP-PICI) in the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The highest surfactin concentration using clarified cashew apple juice (CCAJ) supplemented with mineral medium (MM-CCAJ) was 123 mg/L, achieved after 48 h of fermentation. Almost 2-fold less than the amount produced using mineral medium supplemented with 10 g/L of glucose and 8.7 g/L of fructose (MM-GF). However, critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants produced using MM-CCAJ was 2.5-fold lower than the one produced using MM-GF, which indicates it is a more efficient biosurfactant. Surface tension decreased from 38.50 ± 0.0 to 29.00 ± 0.0 dyne/cm when B. subtilis was grown on MM-CCAJ media (24.68% of reduction on surface tension) and remained constant up to 72 h. Emulsification index was 51.15 and 66.70% using soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. Surfactin produced in MM-CCAJ showed an emulsifying activity of, respectively, 1.75 and 2.3 U when n-hexadecane or soybean oil was tested. However, when mineral medium supplemented with 10 g/L of glucose (MM-G) was used an emulsifying activity of 2.0 and 1.75 U, with n-hexadecane and soybean oil, respectively, was obtained. These results indicate that it is feasible to produce surfactin from CCAJ, a renewable and low-cost carbon source.     

Effects of carbon sources and feeding strategies on heparosan production by Escherichia coli K5

This work aimed to develop an optimal carbon source feeding strategy to achieve maximal production of heparosan as a precursor of bioengineered heparin by Escherichia coli K5. Glycerol gave higher heparosan titer and productivity compared to glucose. The maximum heparosan production (187 mg/L) and heparosan productivity (5.19 mg/L/h) in glycerol-defined medium were 26.4% higher than the heparosan production (148 mg/L) and heparosan productivity (4.11 mg/L/h) in glucose-defined medium. DO-stat feeding approach as compared to pH-stat feeding, exponential feeding, exponential combined with pH-stat feeding, and constant rate feeding gave the highest heparosan titer at 8.63 g/L, which was nine times that of batch culture. The obtained optimal glycerol feeding strategy may be useful for the scaling-up of microbial heparosan production.     

Antimicrobial compounds profile during Cheonggukjang fermentation against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)

Xanthomonas oryzae causes rice bacterial blight, which has been reported as one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Metabolites were identified through cheonggukjang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean product fermented by the Bacillus spp., to control the bacteria. HPLC, MS, and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analyses were performed to identify metabolites responsible for antimicrobial activity. In this analysis, the m/z values of 253.0498, 283.0600, 269.0455, 992.6287, and 1,006.6436 were identified as daidzein, glycitein, genistein, surfactin B, and surfactin A, respectively. The levels of surfactin B and surfactin A were found to be high at 24 h (4.35 μg/ml) and 36 h (3.43 μg/ml) of fermentation, respectively.     

Enhanced production of heteropolysaccharide-7 by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beijerinckia indica</Emphasis> HS-2001 in repeated batch culture with optimized substitution of culture medium

In this study, a process of removing a half volume of culture broth and replacing it with an equal volume of substituted solution was developed to enhance the production of heteropolysaccharide-7 (PS-7) by Beijerinckia indica HS-2001. The optimal substitution time and volume of the substituted solution were found to be 48 h after cultivation and 50% of the initial volume of the culture broth. The optimal composition of the substituted solution was determined to be 20.0 g/L glucose, 10.0 g/L soybean pomace, 0.1 g/L MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.9 g/L NH₄NO₃, and 5.0 g/L potassium phosphate, which was the same composition as the medium developed in a previous study for the production of PS-7 by B. indica HS-2001. The total amount and productivity of PS-7 by B. indica HS-2001 with a substitution under optimized conditions in a 7 L bioreactor for 96 h were 49.28 g and 0.51 g/h, respectively, which were 1.76 and 1.31-foldgreater values than those without a substitution for 72 h.     

Rhamnolipid production in batch and fed-batch fermentation using<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> BYK-2 KCTC 18012P

The optimization of culture conditions for the bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2 KCTC 18012P, was performed to increase its rhamnolipid production. The optimum level for carbon, nitrogen sources, temperature and pH, for rhamnolipid production in a flask, were identified as 25 g/L fish oil, 0.01% (w/v) urea, 25 and pH 7.0, respectively. Optimum conditions for batch culture, using a 7-L jar fermentor, were 200 rpm of agitation speed and a 2.0 L/min aeration rate. Under the optimum conditions, on fish oil for 216 h, the final cell and rhamnolipid concentrations were 5.3 g/L and 17.0 g/L respectively. Fed-batch fermentation, with different feeding conditions, was carried out in order to increase, cell growth and rhamnolipid production by thePseudomonas aeruginosa, BYK-2 KCTC 18012P. When 2.5 g of fish oil and 100 mL basal salts medium, containing 0.01% (w/v) urea, were fed intermittently during the fermentation, the final cell and rhamnolipid concentrations at 264 h, were 6.1 and 22.7 g/L respectively. The fed-batch culture resulted in a 1.2-fold increase in the dry cell mass and a 1.3-fold increase in rhamnolipid production, compared to the production of the batch culture. The rhamnolipid production-substrate conversion factor (0.75 g/g) was higher than that of the batch culture (0.68 g/g).