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动物流感(influenza)不仅会对畜禽养殖业造成巨大的经济损失,而且可以跨越种间障碍进入人群,引发全球性的公共卫生危机和灾难性后果.模型动物是研究流感传播机制的重要基础.模型动物的使用有助于我们对流感病毒传播机制的深入了解.本文从流感病毒的宿主范围、常用模型动物的宿主限制因素和模型动物在流感病毒跨种传播机制中的选择与应用等三个方面进行了综述. 相似文献
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甲型流感病毒的跨宿主传播一直是流感病毒研究的主要方向之一.犬作为人类主要的伴侣动物,其呼吸道组织也同时具有α-2,3禽流感病毒受体和α-2,6人流感病毒受体,是潜在的产生新型重配流感病毒的"基因混合器",在流感病毒的流行和跨宿主传播中扮演着重要角色.近年来,犬流感病毒已经在东南亚和美国等国家地区呈地区性流行,而且从犬中分离到了犬流感病毒与人流感病毒的重配株,因此犬流感病毒对公共卫生健康的潜在威胁不容忽视.本文将对犬流感病毒的流行、起源进化以及宿主适应性和致病性相关的分子机制进行综述,旨在为犬流感的防控和甲型流感病毒跨宿主传播研究提供参考. 相似文献
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自20世纪70年代以来,中国结构生物学研究日新月异,在多个生命科学领域取得了丰硕成果.近年来,在流感病毒研究领域,也做出了不少出色工作,包括流感病毒的跨种间传播机制和聚合酶复合物结构解析等.本文对国内外流感病毒蛋白的结构生物学进展做一简单总结,为大家提供一个视角,纵观我国病毒结构生物学的发展历程. 相似文献
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《生命科学》2015,(5)
流感病毒是目前危害人类健康的主要病原微生物之一,不但造成了巨大的经济损失,而且影响着社会的稳定。除了偶尔出现的流感大暴发,每年都有不少人死于季节性流感。尤其是2013年在中国暴发的H7N9禽流感疫情,目前感染人数已超过600例,死亡人数超过200人,病毒已经在中国定居,每年冬春季都会出现病例。流感病毒的天然宿主是禽类,而禽流感病毒如何突破种间屏障去感染人,是病毒学家一直关心的重要科学问题。主要描述了病毒受体结合特性影响跨种传播的分子机制,包括H1、H2、H3、H5、H6、H7、H9、H10等不同亚型流感病毒受体结合特性转变的结构基础,为流感病毒防控提供重要的理论基础。 相似文献
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H1N1流感病毒的聚合酶具有RNA复制、转录等功能,并且对流感病毒片段包装、子代繁殖及宿主适应性等有着重要作用。通过分析人、猪及禽类H1N1流感病毒聚合酶片段的二核苷酸频率及同义密码子的偏爱性,发现不同宿主中,流感病毒聚合酶片段的CpG频率最低,且均被强烈抑制;通过三类宿主间的比较发现,人流感病毒抑制最为强烈,且其CpG频率随年份呈下降趋势,但2009年毒株的CpG频率突然上升。比较同义密码子使用频率发现,含有CpG的同义密码子相对使用频率均小于1,证明CpG抑制作用是影响同义密码子偏爱性的一个重要因素。以上结果暗示,CpG抑制对H1N1流感病毒的进化及跨宿主传播可能有重要影响。 相似文献
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实验诊断学是基础医学与临床医学间的桥梁性学科,实验教学是实验诊断学重要的环节之一,医学实验室是医学教学与研究的重要基地,为保障医学生的人身安全,提升实验室生物安全防范意识与能力,生物安全培训至关重要。采用情景模拟教学法设置生物暴露现场,带教老师负责教学组织的实施,学生角色扮演,针对生物安全的培训展开探讨,并在教学后进行总结与评估,从而提高医学生的学习兴趣及判别能力,有利于医学生对于生物安全的防范意识和处理能力的提高,为今后临床工作做好安全保障。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献