湖北省斑腿蝗科(直翅目)新属和新种

报道了采自湖北省的斑腿蝗科蝗虫1新属和3新种,即神农秃蝗属Shennongipodisma gen.nov.,宽顶神农秃蝗Shennongipodisma lativertex sp. nov.、兴山小蹦蝗Pedopodisma xingshanensis sp.nov.和橙股小蹦蝗Peodopodisma rutifemoralis sp.nov..模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所和湖北黄冈师范学院生物系.     

斑腿蝗科11种蝗虫RAPD带型的变异

采用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)技术研究了斑腿蝗科 8属 11种蝗虫RAPD带型的变异。在 2 3个随机引物中有 8个引物能扩增出清晰而稳定的RAPD带 ,扩增总带数为 148条。带型显示 :科内属间及属内种间多态性普遍存在。利用Nei&Li相似系数和UPGMA聚类法 ,构建斑腿蝗科不同属种的分子系统树。聚类结果显示 :属内的种各自先聚为一类 ,而 8个属间的系统树分为两大分支 ,这两个分支与这些属种的形态特征尤其是翅发达与否完全一致。第一分支的 2个属 (云秃蝗属和小蹦蝗属 )均为前翅退化型 ,第二分支的 6个属 (星翅蝗属、长夹蝗属、素木蝗属、胸斑蝗属、外斑腿蝗属、斜翅蝗属 )都是前翅发达型。     

东北地区蝗虫一新属及三新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述了采自东北地区蝗虫的一新属,拟蹦蝗属及三新种,千山拟蹦蝗、草绿拟蹦蝗和长白山玛蝗。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

蝗虫前肠形态及其在分类学上的意义：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文采用体视显微影技术对斑腿蝗科４属６种蝗虫前前肠形态结构及其分类学意义进行了研究。     

四种斑腿蝗科昆虫染色体带型的比较

应用染色体C带及银染核仁组成区定位分析方法对斑腿蝗科4种昆虫,即小蹦蝗属2种;峨眉小蹦蝗Pedopodisma emeiensis和秦岭小蹦蝗P.tsinlingensis;无翅蝗属2种;小无翅蝗Zubovskiaparvula和柯氏无翅蝗Z.koeppeni进行了研究,结果表明：4种蝗虫染色体数目（2n♂=21,XO)一致,小蹦蝗属M8染色体上具有端带;无翅蝗属X染色体具有特殊带纹,银染核仁组成区定位在两属各有特点,小蹦蝗属位于第8号染色体端部区域;无翅蝗属位于X染色体端部区域,除上述属内共性之外,各物种C带带纹又存在明显差异,其中峨眉小蹦蝗带型极为特殊。文中还对上述4种蝗虫带型结构特征及其进化意义作了讨论。     

中国台湾秃蝗亚科一新属四新种(直翅目，斑腿蝗科)(英文)

记述了采自中国台湾斑腿蝗科秃蝗亚科1新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov. 和4新种：红股台秃蝗Taipodisma rufifemora sp. nov., 谢氏台秃蝗Taipodisma hsiehi sp. nov., 周氏台秃蝗Taipodisma chowi sp. nov., 黑胫台秃蝗Taipodisma nigritibia sp. nov.。新属台秃蝗属Taipoodisma gen. nov.同蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang, 1940近似,不同之处为前胸背板后缘中央缺凹口,中隆线在沟前区不显,在沟后区留有痕迹。新属同辽秃蝗属Liaopodisma Zheng, 1990也近似,不同之处为雄性后胸腹板两侧叶分开,不毗连。新种红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov. 后足股节内侧和下方红色可与同属其他种相区别。新种谢氏台秃蝗T. hsiehi sp. nov. 缺黑色眼后带可与同属其他种相区别。新种周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov. 同红股台秃蝗T. rufifemora sp. nov.近似,不同之处为后足股节内侧和下方非红色。新种黑胫台秃蝗T. nigritibia sp. nov. 同周氏台秃蝗T. chowi sp. nov.近似,不同之处为前胸背板沿中隆线缺黑色纵带和前翅黄褐色,缺黑色带纹。列出了该属的种检索表。     

四种蝗虫前肠形态的比较研究(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

采用体视显微摄影技术对斑腿蝗科Ｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｉｄａｅ３属４种（亚科）蝗虫前肠形态进行了分析,并对分布于不同地区的同一亚种进行了观察。结果表明,斑腿蝗亚科几种前肠特征同一性很高,同种不同亚种之间略有差异,相同亚种不同地区之间不存在明显差异。     

湖南武陵山地区小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述了采自湖南武陵山区的小蹦蝗属ＰｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａＺｈｅｎｇ一新种,小尾小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｆｕｒｃｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ该新种近似于秦岭小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｔｓｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ）。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫研究室。     

东北地区蝗虫－新属及三新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述了采自东北地区蝗虫的一新属,拟蹦蝗属Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．及三新种,千山拟蹦蝗Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｑｉａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、草绿拟蹦蝗Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｐｒａｓｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和长白山玛蝗Ｍｉｒａｍｅｌｌａｃｈａｎｇｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

蝗虫前肠形态及其分类价值的研究（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

用体视显微摄影技术对网翅蝗科５属５种蝗虫前肠形态结构及其分类价值进行了研究。结果显示,各属之间主要差异在ＺⅡ,ＺⅣ脊列数不同,ＺⅡ脊上齿行数及ＺⅣ是否具骨化面及骨化面形状等。同时还可看出网翅蝗科有与斑腿蝗科和斑翅蝗科相似的结构,表明它们之间具有较近的亲缘关系。     

Digestive system of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): structure and phylogeny

Abstract. Larval gut characters of 45 species of black flies, representing 17 subgenera and 15 genera, were studied for their utility in taxon diagnosis and phylogenetic inference. Phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy revealed a wealth of new characters in the esophageal armature of the foregut. Larval gut morphology, particularly characters of the esophageal armature, varied significantly among taxa, permitting generic diagnoses. A cladogram inferred from 13 gut characters supported a sister-group relationship between Parasimulium and the remaining simuliids, but did not show a strong phylogenetic signal for the current, well-supported concept of tribal level monophyly.     

螽斯前肠的内部形态及其分类学价值的研究(螽斯总科,拟叶螽科,螽斯科)

前肠作为昆虫的暂时储存并初步消化食物的场所,不同的种类在内部结构上有所不同,并已证明其作为分类特征的可靠性.运用生理解剖及扫描电镜技术对螽斯总科拟叶螽科Pseudophyllidae 2属3种和螽斯科Tettigoniidae 2属3种螽斯的前肠几丁质内壁结构进行比较分析.研究表明,前肠的内部形态,属间差异明显,可以作为形态分类的一个有用特征.此外还对螽斯前肠的内壁结构同食性关系进行了初步探讨.     

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) from Antechinus spp. (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia) from Australia

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) is described from Antechinus flavipes (Dasyuridae) from Victoria and New South Wales. A single female from A. bellus from the Northern Territory may also be D. beveridgei. This new genus is compared with other genera of the Echinonematinae, to which it has been assigned. The genus has a unique body armature and most closely resembles Chabaudechina, in the armature of the cephalic bulb, but has four rather than five rows of hooks, and Linstowinema, in having body hooks on the cuticle of the anterior region, but has 18–22 hooks in each row rather than 14–16. The hooks of Durettechina are also smaller and have a less complex root morphology than those of Linstowinema. Durettechina resembles Seurechina and Chabaudechina in having caudal alae into which papillae extend, but differs from both these genera in the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae, as well as in the body armature. Durettechina, is most different from Bainechina, which has neither hooks on a cephalic bulb nor body hooks on the anterior region nor caudal alae.     

Paroncomegas araya (Woodland, 1934) n. gen. et comb. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro in South America

The trypanorhynch cestode originally designated Tentacularia araya is redescribed from its type host, Potamotrygon motoro (Potamotrygonidae), from specimens recently collected in Argentina and type material. The armature combines features of Eutetrarhynchus, Oncomegas, and Dollfusiella, indicating that its current placement in Eutetrarhynchus is incorrect and that the species represents a new genus. Paroncomegas n. gen. is proposed within the Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927, to accommodate Tentacularia araya as Paroncomegas araya n. comb. Eutetrarhynchus differs from Paroncomegas in the absence of a basal armature and basal swelling on the tentacles, from Dollfusiella by lacking macrohooks associated with the basal armature, and from Oncomegas, which possesses an asymmetrical basal swelling on the internal face of the tentaclc and a single macrohook on the external face of the basal armature. Paroncomegas is unique among these genera in possessing a chainette in the basal armature. All other genera currently recognized within the Eutetrarhynchidae can be distinguished from Paroncomegas by a distinct spatial divergence of hooks files 1(1'), resulting in a prominent space in views of the internal face. Two different morphotypes of P. araya can be distinguished in the material from Argentina, both infecting the same individual host specimens. They differ in the number and size of mature and gravid segments. Other characters concerning the tentacle armature, scolex features, and reproductive anatomy remain comparable.     

Observations on the morphology and histology of the foregut of Portunus sanguinolentus (Crustacea: Brachyura)

The morphological and histological characteristics of the foregut of the crab Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst) are described, with special reference to the lining and glands of the oesophagus. The oesophagus is lined throughout with an outer keratin and an inner collagen layer. Glands secreting mucopolysaccharides are to be found embedded in the connective tissue of the oesophagus. Details of the armature of the pyloric stomach are given.     

Mouthpart and foregut ontogeny in larval, postlarval, and juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus Latreille (Decapoda, Palinuridae)

The spiny lobster Panulirus argus has a life cycle consisting of a long-term (～9-12 months) planktonic larval period with 11 larval stages (the phyllosoma), a short (<1 month?) planktonic-to-benthic transitional postlarval stage (the puerulus), and benthic juvenile and adult phases. The mouthparts and foregut during these stages were examined and described by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in an investigation of the species' developmental morphology, diet, and ecology. The phyllosoma mouthparts close to the esophagus are the labrum, mandibles, paragnaths, and first maxillae. The second maxillae and first and second maxillipeds are increasingly distant from the esophagus as the larva develops. The pair of asymmetrical mandibles bear many teeth and spines, and the molar processes form what appears to be an intricate toothed shear. The mandibles remain similar throughout the phyllosoma stages. During the molt into the puerulus, the mouthparts are greatly changed, and the second maxilla and the three maxillipeds join the other mouthparts near the esophagus. However, the transformation appears incomplete, and many of the mouthparts are not fully formed until the molt to juvenile completes their development. The phyllosoma foregut lacks a gastric mill and has but one chamber. In addition, the first two stages lack a gland filter. During the molt to puerulus, the foregut is greatly changed and subsequently is similar to typical decapod foreguts in having an anterior cardiac and posterior pyloric chamber. Only rudimentary internal armature is present. Following the molt to juvenile, the foregut is quite similar to that of the adult, which exhibits a substantial gastric mill. The 11 phyllosoma stages were separated into two groups (group A = stages 1-5, group B = stages 6-11) on the basis of changes in both mouthpart and foregut morphology. The puerulus has never been observed to feed. Nothing was observed in our investigations that would prevent feeding, though both mouthpart and foregut development appeared incomplete. The mouthpart and foregut structures of larval, postlarval and juvenile P. argus differ widely, possibly reflecting the extreme modifications for different habitats found among these life phases.     

六种螽斯消化道形态及其分类学价值的研究(直翅目:螽斯总科:草螽科)

主要运用生理解剖及扫描电镜技术对螽斯总科草螽科Conoccphalidac 3属6种螽斯的消化道内部结构进行了比较分析。研究表明,螽斯消化道尤其是前肠的内部形态,属间差异明显,可以作为螽斯内部解剖形态分类的一个有用的特征,并为研究螽斯各类群间的亲缘关系和螽斯的演化提供新的依据。     

Comparative morphology of the pyloric armature of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

The structure of the pyloric armature, hypothesized to aid in blood-meal digestion or parasite resistance, was compared quantitatively among the following 8 species in 5 genera of adult mosquitoes from the southeastern United States: Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes triseriatus, Anopheles punctipennis, Culex pipiens s.l., Culex restuans, Orthopodomyia signifera, and Toxorhynchites rutilus. Females differed significantly among species in the structure of spines composing the armature, with Aedes spp. forming one general group, Culex spp. another, and An. punctipennis and Or. signifera a third. Relationships of species based on structural characters of the armature were consistent with recent culicid phylogenies. Although pyloric armature has been noted in mosquitoes and other insects, this is the first quantitative investigation of the mosquito pyloric armature.     

Taxonomic position of and generic distinction between Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis), with description of a new species from the Black Sea

Both sexes of a new species of Taurocletodes Kunz, 1975 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae incertae sedis ) are described from sandy beaches along the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The genus Taurocletodes is removed from its synonymy with Parepactophanes Kunz, 1935 and re-instated as a valid genus, accommodating the type species T. dubius (Noodt, 1958) comb. nov. and T. tumenae sp. nov. Both genera can be differentiated by major differences in the segmentation of P1–P3 endopods, the absence/presence of penicillate setae on P1 endopod, the number of outer spines on P2–P4 exp-3, the armature of P2–P4 endopods and the sexual dimorphism of P2 endopod and P3 exopod. T. tumenae sp. nov. and T. dubius are morphologically very similar, differing in morphometric characters related to the endopodal segmentation of P1 and P4, and armature of the male P5. The controversial taxonomic status of Parepactophanes and Taurocletodes within the family Canthocamptidae is discussed.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 140 , 469−486.