北京株水痘疫苗生产工艺的建立

目的:建立北京株水痘疫苗生产工艺,采用此生产工艺生产水痘减毒活疫苗。方法:采用细胞工厂培养2BS细胞,感染北京株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批,同时感染Oka株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批作对照,经洗涤、离心、收获、原液合并、冻干制备水痘减毒活疫苗,并进行各项检定。结果:对照两种不同毒株生产的水痘减毒活疫苗无明显差异,且各项检测指标均符合要求。结论:根据结果显示,可使用此毒株生产工艺大规模生产北京株水痘疫苗,与Oka株生产水痘疫苗无差异。如果用此毒株生产水痘疫苗供应市场,将会打破Oka株水痘疫苗国内市场的垄断。     

疫苗株病毒引起1例成人水痘的病原分离与鉴定

本文旨在探讨1例由疫苗株病毒引起成人水痘的病例,以提高对水痘疫苗二次传播的认识。从1名23岁女性水痘患者皮肤水疱中采集水疱液,接种至人胚胎成纤维细胞,3d后观察到细胞发生病变效应。用水痘-带状疱疹病毒gE`糖蛋白单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法鉴定,结果阳性。测序分析显示,分离到的毒株其疫苗相关的单核苷酸多态性位点与Oka疫苗株一致,为疫苗株病毒。回顾性调查显示,患者没有水痘史和疫苗接种史,病毒可能来自1名与患者直接接触的接种疫苗后发生带状疱疹的儿童。     

Oka株水痘病毒的生物学特性研究

将日本大阪大学微生物病研究会（BIKEN）提供的Oka水痘病毒第28代减毒株,通过MRC－5人二倍体细胞连续传递10代,建立主代及工作代毒种批,并对其后的32代,34代,36代及38代病毒按WHO规程进行全面检定,证实其生物学特性相似,免疫原性良好,确保制备水痘减毒活疫苗毒种的稳定性和一致性。     

水痘疫苗原液生产工艺改进

目的: 对现有水痘减毒活疫苗原液生产工艺进行改进,提高水痘疫苗原液产量及疫苗质量。方法: 2BS细胞传代至方瓶37代细胞,感染Oka株水痘-带状疱疹病毒工作种子批,35℃培养24h换病毒培养液(II)继续置35℃培养24h,取出使用Earle’s液洗涤方瓶细胞表面,当细胞病变达70%以上时,按120-360ml/瓶进行收获,置-65℃以下保存。经检定合格后进行合并、冻干制备水痘减毒活疫苗。结果: 使用此方法进行生产的水痘疫苗比较原工艺生产的水痘疫苗原液收获量大幅提升,并且疫苗的牛血清残留量与抗生素残留量则大幅下降,且各项检定指标全部合格。结论: 使用此方法生产水痘疫苗产量及质量比较原工艺有大幅度提升。     

7例水痘患者水痘带状疱疹病毒的分离与鉴定分析

目的对7例临床水痘患者的疱疹液样本,进行水痘带状疱疹病毒(varicella-herpes zoster virus,VZV)的分离及鉴定分析。方法对7例临床水痘患者的疱疹液,用2BS细胞进行病毒分离及病毒滴度检测;用特异性引物分别对病毒分离株及疫苗株(Oka株)的ORF68、ORF54、ORF38进行聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)扩增及测序,用DNAMAN软件对病毒分离株的ORF68序列与Dumas株序列进行比对鉴定,并对病毒分离株和Oka株的ORF54、ORF38进行限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)分析。结果从7例临床水痘患者的疱疹液样本中,分离到4株VZV病毒株;病毒分离株的细胞病变(cytopathic effect,CPE)及病毒滴度随传代次数的增加而增强;4株病毒分离株的ORF68序列与Dumas株完全一致;ORF54、ORF38的RFLP结果显示,4株病毒分离株均为BglⅠ+PstⅠ+型,Oka株为BglⅠ+PstⅠ-型。结论成功分离的4株病毒分离株均为VZV野生毒株。     

建立膜抗原荧光抗体试验评价北京株冻干水痘疫苗免疫效果

为了建立用于水痘疫苗接种后血清中特异性抗体检测的膜抗原荧光抗体(FAMA)法,并对接种水痘疫苗后儿童血清中水痘特异性抗体进行检测,评价北京株水痘疫苗的免疫效果。以水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)感染细胞作为抗原制备成固定抗原玻片,以异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的羊抗人IgG作为二抗建立FAMA法,并对该法的敏感性、特异性进行验证。运用此法对不同剂量北京株水痘疫苗接种后儿童血清中特异性抗体进行检测,分析儿童血清中水痘特异性抗体水平以及免后抗体阳转率,并与Oka株水痘疫苗进行比较。结果显示,FAMA法敏感性可达0.0196IU/ml,特异性好。应用此法检测300名观察者免前免后双份血清样本中抗VZVIgG,易感者中北京株水痘疫苗原苗(39810PFU/0.5ml)、2000PFU/0.5ml、500PFU/0.5ml接种组儿童血清免后抗体阳转率分别为100%、98.77%、85.42%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为36.4、34.3、18.6,原苗与2000PFU间的抗体阳转率和GMT均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但原苗与500PFU、2000PFU与500PFU间的抗体阳转率和GMT均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。对照国产、进口Oka株水痘疫苗接种后抗体阳转率分别为95.35%、96.97%,抗体GMT分别为13.3、16.0,不同剂量北京株疫苗抗体阳转率与国产、进口Oka株疫苗相比,差别无显著性(P>0.05),但北京株疫苗原?     

水痘减毒活疫苗的研究进展

水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒( VZV) 引起的一种高传染性疾病。接种疫苗是预防和控制VZV 流行的最有效手段。美国从1995 年开始实施儿童接种水痘疫苗的政策, 显著降低了水痘相关疾病的发病率和病死率。近年来, 水痘疫苗在我国应用越来越广泛。本文就水痘减毒活疫苗Oka 株的研发, 疫苗的有效性、安全性, 病毒减毒的分子生物学特征和免疫策略等方面进行综述, 以期能更全面地认识水痘减毒疫苗在预防和控制VZV 传播方面所起的作用。     

水痘-带状疱疹病毒Oka株和84-7株基因特征的分析

目的对水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus,VZV)Oka株和84-7株的部分基因特征进行分析,为建立Oka株和84-7株的鉴别方法提供依据。方法利用PCR技术扩增相关基因,并运用生物信息学软件对水痘-带状疱疹病毒OKa株和84-7株的Pst I酶切位点、抗原蛋白基因序列(ORF14,ORF68)、高突变区域(ORF62)及84-7株复制起点进行序列比较和分析。结果 Oka株酶切位点特征为Pst I-Sma I~+Bss HII~+Nae I~+,84-7株的酶切位点特征为Pst I~+Sma I~-Bss HII~-Nae I~-;Oka株和84-7株ORF14编码的蛋白质同源性为99.8%,3个碱基的差异导致了3个氨基酸的变化,且这两株病毒株的R2可变区的串联重复单位拷贝数均为7;Oka株和84-7株ORF68编码的蛋白质同源性为100%,且存在2个低复杂性区域(LCR);ORF62编码区蛋白质的同源性为99.2%,具有14个低复杂性区域;84-7株复制起点区域包含一个13TA+19GA结构。结论 Oka株和84-7株的同源性很高,但在酶切位点方面存在差异,可用于Oka株和84-7株的鉴别,为今后确立水痘-带状疱疹病毒毒株的鉴别方法提供依据。     

冻干水痘减毒活疫苗转瓶生产工艺的建立

应用旋转培养的方法,建立冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的生产工艺。选择长成致密单层的2BS细胞,接种带状疱疹病毒Oka株,待细胞病变达75％以上时,收获病毒液,经超声破碎、离心、澄清,冻干后,按常规检定,疫苗各项检定符合《WHO水痘活疫苗规程》及《冻干水痘减毒活疫苗制造及检定试行规程》要求。与克氏瓶相比,应用旋转培养,不但提高了疫苗单产,降低了牛血清蛋白残留量,而且疫苗质量也保持稳定。     

冻干水痘活疫苗的研制

Oka株水痘病毒是唯一被WHO椎荐用于生产水痘活疫苗的减毒株,1974年由日本大呢大学微生物病研究会（BIKEN）高桥博士培养成功的【人1996年从BIKEN引进o财株病毒,MRC－5人H倍体细胞在本所进行水造活疫苗研制。1材料与方法1．1细胞株24代MRC－5人H倍体细胞由BIKEN提供1．2病毒株BIKEN提供的Oka病毒减毒株母种子,批号为M2001。1．3水疡病毒标准抗血清BIKEN提供批号OAKK39－4,中和抗体滴度为1：74o000豆．4培养液细胞培养液为9％股牛血清的MEM液,维持液为3％股牛血清MEM液,疫苗液为5％蔗糖,O．5％明胶,0．1％谷氨酸…     

Clinical trial of the Oka strain of live attenuated varicella vaccine on healthy children

Clinical and serological follow-up studies were made on 257 healthy children who had received live varicella vaccine (strain Oka) in Showa Hospital. Good antibody responses were shown with a seroconversion rate of 98.4% (253/257) by the immune adherence hemagglutination test. Mild adverse reactions were observed in 11 of the vaccinated children. During observation periods of 6 months to 4 years, 6 of the 253 children who were successfully vaccinated contracted mild varicella, while all 4 vaccinees who showed no primary immune response contracted mild to moderate clinical varicella. It is concluded that this vaccine is highly immunogenic and causes few clinical reactions in normal children.     

Immunization of acute leukemic children with a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain)

A total of 52 acute leukemic children have been safely and effectively vaccinated with live varicella (Oka strain) vaccine given under close clinical and immunological observation. The incidence of zoster in the vaccinated children group was slightly less than that in the group that had experienced natural varicella.     

Application of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to hospitalized children and its protective effect on spread of varicella infection.

Twenty-three hospitalized children with no history of varicella or no detectable complement fixing (CF) antibody, were vaccinated with a live attenuated varicella vaccine (Oka strain) immediately after the occurrence of a case of varicella in a children's ward of hospital. These children suffered from the nephrotic syndrome, nephritis, purulent meningitis, hepatitis etc., and 12 of them were receiving steroid therapy. An antibody response was noticed in all the vaccinated children, with mild fever in 6 and a mild rash in 2 of 6. It was uncertain whether these reactions were due to vaccinatin or to naturally acquired infection modified by vaccination. No other clinical reactions or abnormalities of the blood or urine were detected. Thus the spread of varicella infection was prevented, with the exception of one severe case in an unvaccinated patient. In another trial, 16 children with renal diseases were also vaccinated. All the children showed an immune response with no clinical reactions and no abnormalities in blood and urine examinations. Thus live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) can be used safely and effectively for hospitalized children, and its effectiveness in preventing spread of varicella infection was confirmed.     

Clinical application of a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) in a hospital

A total of 239 children, including 22 high-risk children and 55 non-high risk diseased children have been immunized with a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) since June, 1978. No clinical reaction attributable to the vaccine has been observed. Of these children, 87 received emergency vaccination. Of 47 children receiving emergency vaccination because they had been in contact with varicella patients either in hospital, school or a playground, only 5 developed varicella and their symptoms were mild. Of 40 children receiving emergency vaccination because of exposure to varicella in their home, 10 developed mild varicella and 30 were protected. Clinical symptoms of varicella when seen seemed to be due to incomplete protection because the vaccine was given too late rather than to clinical reactions to the vaccine. During follow-up period of 6 to 66 months after vaccination, 8 children showed very mild rashes without fever as the result of exogenous varicella infection.     

Development of a live attenuated varicella vaccine.

The Oka strain of varicella virus, isolated in our labolatory, was serially cultivated in guinea-pig embryo cultures (GPEC), and a considerable amount of cell-free virus was obtained from infected cell. GPEC passage virus at the 6th passage level was used in a small scale field trial. Susceptible children of 1 to 10 years old were injected subcutaneously with 100 to 1,000 PFU of virus. No clinical reactions due to the vaccination were observed in any children, and a high rate of antibody response was obtained with viral doses of more than 200 PFU. Attenuated virus obtained by passage in GPEC was propagated in human diploid (WI-38) cells, and it was also effective in inducing an immune response without clinical reactions. The results show that the Oka strain of varicella virus passaged in GPEC and human diploid (WI-38) cells may be used safely and effectively as a live attenuated vaccine.     

国产冻干水痘减毒活疫苗免疫原性研究与应用

对１２９名４岁儿童采用国产、进口水痘减毒活疫苗进行免疫,对疫苗的安全性和免疫原性进行研究,用ＥＬＩＳＡ进行免前、免后水痘抗体测定。结果表明国产水痘疫苗接种后无明显副反应,国产、进口疫苗血清的阳转率相似,达８５％以上,证明国产ＯＫａ株水痘减毒活疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫性,可以推广使用。     

Development and characterization of a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain)

A live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) was developed by serial passage of the Oka strain isolated in our laboratory, in human embryonic lung cells (11 times at 34 C) and guinea pig embryo cells (12 times at 37 C). It is slightly temperature sensitive at 39 C and shows a higher ratio of infectivity in guinea pig embryo cells to infectivity in human embryo cells than wild-type strains. The DNA digest with Hpa I enzyme of the Oka strain contained one unique fragment (K), although its mobility differed only slightly from that of the corresponding fragment of wild-type strains. Studies with clinical varicella zoster virus (VZV) isolates from vaccinees indicated that tests on the ratio of infectivity in guinea pig embryo fibroblasts (GPEF) to that in human embryo fibroblasts (HuEF) and the profile of the DNA digest with Hpa I are useful for differentiation of the vaccine strain from wild-type strains. The vaccine virus showed stable immunogenicity during at least 15 further repeated passages in human diploid cells, a character which seems helpful for production of a large quantity of vaccine virus for practical use.     

A five-year immunological follow-up study of the institutionalized handicapped children vaccinated with live varicella vaccine or infected with natural varicella

Twenty-two institutionalized handicapped children who were susceptible to varicella were vaccinated with live varicella vaccine of the Oka strain and their immune status was followed for 5 years under conditions without exposure to natural varicella. Simultaneously, 7 children infected with natural varicella were followed. Of the 22 vaccinees, 16 showed sero-positive conversion by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test, the other 6 remaining seronegative during 5 years of observation period. All the 16 cases showing seroconversion had detectable antibody for 5 years after vaccination, and 14 of them gave a positive reaction in the varicella skin test. All the 7 cases after natural varicella gave positive reactions in both the FAMA and skin test. These results suggest that immunity conferred by the vaccination would persist long even in the absence of exposure to natural varicella, though further follow-up studies are needed.