(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的(虫匽)蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42.8～54.4mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43.9～57.3mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24～32℃)对(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响.结果显示,24～30℃范围内,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变.(虫匽)蜓幼体:30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24～28℃;24～30℃ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高.蓝尾石龙子幼体:24～26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24～28℃ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快.结果表明,(虫匽)蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体.     

蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的蝘蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42．8～54．4mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43,9～57．3mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24～32℃)对蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响。结果显示,24～30℃范围内,蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变。蝘蜓幼体：30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24～28℃;24～30℃．ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高。蓝尾石龙子幼体：24～26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24～28℃ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快。结果表明,蝘蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体。     

蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物同化的热依赖性

用采自安徽滁州琅琊山的蜓(Sphenomorphus indicus,头体长42.8-54.4 mm,n=12)和蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans,头体长43.9-57.3 mm,n=10)幼体,研究温度(24-32℃)对蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)、同化效率(AE)和生长的影响。结果显示,24-30℃范围内,蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的食物通过时间随温度的升高而缩短,超过30℃则基本不变。蜓幼体：30和32℃摄食量和生长小于24-28℃;24-30℃ ADC、AE随温度升高而下降,但32℃时又升高。蓝尾石龙子幼体：24-26℃摄食量随温度升高而增加,26℃后随温度升高显著下降;24-28℃ ADC、AE大于30和32℃,呈现出随温度升高而下降的趋势;26℃生长最快。结果表明,蜓和蓝尾石龙子幼体的摄食和同化能力均低于相应的成体。     

蓝尾石龙子的生长、两性异形及雌性繁殖

报道蓝尾石龙子（Eumeces elegans)的生长、两性异形和雌性繁殖,性成熟个体体色的两性差异显著,成年雄性体长、头长和头宽显著大于成年雌性,幼体体长生长率无显著的两性差异。成年雄体体长生长率显著大于成年雌体,因此,个体大小的两性异形是性成熟后发生的,体长小于50mm的幼体,头长和头宽无性差异;当体长大于50mm。雄性头长和头宽随体长的生长率显著大于雌性。并导致头部大小的两性异形,并随个体发育变得越来越显著,蓝尾石龙子产卵雌体的最小体长为69.3mm,大于此体长的雌体均年产单窝卵。窝卵数、窝卵重和平均卵重均与雌体体长呈正相关,平均值分别为6.4、2.783和0.554g。窝卵数与雌体产后状态无关,蓝尾石龙子雌体主要通过增加窝卵数和卵大小来增加繁殖输出。     

雄性山地麻蜥选择体温、热耐受性及温度对食物同化和运动表现的影响

研究了捕自安徽宿州的成年雄性山地麻蜥 (Eremiasbrenchleyi)选择体温、热耐受性、温度对食物同化和运动表现的影响。结果显示 :①选择体温、临界高温和临界低温的平均值分别为 33 7、 43 6和 3 3℃。②环境温度在 2 6～ 38℃时 ,对山地麻蜥食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数 (ADC)、同化效率 (AE)和运动表现有显著的影响 ;在 2 6～ 30℃时食物通过时间随温度升高而缩短 ,超过 30℃则随温度升高而延长 ;在 2 6和 2 8℃时 ,摄食量、ADC和AE均小于更高温度的对应值。③体温在 19～ 34℃ ,蜥蜴的疾跑速随体温上升而加快 ,31和 34℃时最快 ,超过 34℃后随体温升高而减慢 ;31和 34℃时的持续运动距离最长 ,超过 36℃后随体温升高而显著缩短 ,但体温 19～ 36℃蜥蜴的持续运动距离无显著差异 ;19～ 34℃蜥蜴的跑道停顿次数较少 ,无显著差异 ,超过 34℃后显著增加。     

雄性山地麻晰选择体温、热耐受性及温度对食物同化和运动表现的影响

研究了捕自安徽宿州的成年雄性山地麻蜥（Eremias brenchleyi）选择体温、热耐受性、温度对食物同化和运动表现的影响。结果显示：①选择体温、临界高温和临界低温的平均值分别为33.7、43.6和3.3℃。②环境温度在26－38℃时,对山地麻蜥食物通过时间、摄食量、表观消化系数（ADC）、同化效率（AE）和运动表现有显著的影响;在26－30℃时食物通过时间随温度升高而缩短,通过30℃则随温度升高而延长;在26和28℃时,摄食量、ADC和AE均小于更高温度的对应值。③体温在19－34℃,蜥蜴的疾跑速随体温上升而加快,31和34℃时最快,超过34℃后随体温升高而减慢;31和34℃时的持续运动距离最长,超过36℃后随体温升高而显著缩短,但体温19－36℃蜥蜴的持续运动距离无显著差异;19－34℃蜥蜴的路道停顿次数较少,无显著差异,超过34℃后显著增加。     

水热环境对中国石龙子孵化卵、孵化成功率及孵化幼体特征的影响

用8种水热条件孵化中国石龙子（Eumeces chinensis）卵,观测孵化卵质量变化、胚胎利用卵内物质和能量及孵出坳体特征,孵化卵因净吸水增重,卵增重与入孵卵质量、孵化温度和基质湿度有关。孵出幼体湿重的处理间差异主要是因为幼体水分含量不同。温度显著影响孵化期、孵化卵吸水量、胚胎利用孵内物质和能量几乎所有被检的幼体特征;温度甚至影响胚胎动用卵壳无机物。然而,在24－32℃范围内,温度对卵孵化成功率无显著的影响。32℃孵出幼体比较低于此温度的孵出幼体发育差,表现为躯干小、未利用的卵黄多。此外,32℃孵出幼体的运动表现比低温孵出幼体差,表现为特定体长（snout-vent length,SVL）的疾跑速小于低温孵出幼体,表明高温孵化卵对孵出幼体的运动能力有不利的影响,潮湿基质中旗子同幼体的体长和尾长大于干燥基质中孵出的幼体,并特征性地具有较小的剩余卵黄。24℃胚胎发育能耗较大,胚胎从卵壳动用的无机物较少。温度影响孵出幼体的体形和头部大小,30℃孵出幼体的尾长最大,32℃孵出幼体的头部最小,其质湿度对孵出幼体的体形和头部大小无显著的影响。温度对孵出幼体特征的影响与湿度的影响无关。孵化水热环境诱导的幼体大小、质量和形态差异可能对幼体的生存和适应性具有重要的影响。26－30℃为孵化中国石龙子卵的适宜温度范围。     

热耐受性及温度对食物同化的影响

研究变色树蜥(Calotes versicolor)的选择体温、热耐受性、温度对食物同化的影响.结果显示:①幼体的选择体温、临界高温和临界低温的平均值分别为32.6、41.7℃和 7.7℃;成体的选择体温、临界高温和临界低温的平均值分别为33.1、42.0℃和8.2℃.②环境温度在26～34℃时,对变色树蜥食物通过时间和摄入能有显著的影响;对表观消化系数(ADC)和同化效率(AE)无显著的影响;在28～34℃时食物通过时间随温度升高而缩短;在26、28℃和30℃时,摄入能小于更高温度的对应值.     

原尾蜥虎的选择体温、热耐受性和食物同化的热依赖性

(Tsel)、热耐受性和体温对食物同化的影响。Tsel无显著的日时间变化,两性个体的Tsel、临界低温(CTMin)和临界高温(CTMax)无显著的差异。Tsel、CTMin和CTMax的平均值分别为30.9℃、3.2℃和43.3℃。体温对动物食物通过时间有显著的影响。在25℃-33℃范围内,食物通过时间随体温升高而缩短;体温超过33℃后,食物通过时间随体温升高而延长。温度对原尾蜥虎的摄食量、表观消化系数(ADC)和同化效率(AE)有显著的影响。在25℃-37℃范围内,动物在低体温下(25℃和27℃)的摄食量、ADC和AE小于更高体温下动物的对应数值。种间比较结果显示,原尾蜥虎是生活于南方的蜥蜴中具有较强耐受极端体温的种类。     

中国石龙子雌体繁殖特征和卵孵化的地理变异

浙江丽水和广东韶关中国石龙子均年产单窝卵,窝卵数,窝卵重和卵重均与雌体SVL呈正相关,雌体头部形态,繁殖特征,产卵起始时间和孵孵化的热依赖性等有显著的地理变异;韶关石龙子产卵起始时间为5月中旬,比丽水经子约早两周,韶关石龙子窝卵数较大,卵较小,窝卵重与丽水石龙子无显著差异。韶关石龙子特定SVL的窝卵数比丽水石龙子多2．8枚卵,中国经子卵数量和大小之间有种群间权衡,无种数内权衡,同一种群内卵数量与卵大小无关,孵化温度影响石龙子孵出幼体的一些特征,24℃孵出细幼体比32℃孵出幼体大,躯干发育好,剩余卵黄少,韶关24℃孵出幼体的体重,躯干干重小于丽水幼体,韶关32℃孵出幼体的SVL小于丽水幼体,剩余卵黄大于丽水幼体,表明适宜卵孵化温度范围有地理变异。丽水石龙子卵对极端高温和低温的耐受性较强,适宜卵孵化温度范围较宽。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.