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1.
Nikolaos Thomakos Khandra Galaal Georgios Georgopoulos Lakshmi Nagaraju Dianne Hemming Raj Naik 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2009,6(1):3
Background
Choroidal metastases from gynaecological primary are extremely rare. There is no documented case in the literature of choroid metastasis in a patient with primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC).Methods & Results
We describe the first case of a 54-year-old woman with a history of borderline mucinous tumour who presented 17 months later with PPC and 21 months after with recurrent disease metastatic to the eye, and review pertinent literature.Conclusion
High index of suspicion is warranted when patients with history of primary peritoneal carcinoma present with visual complaints in order to treat and/or relieve symptomatology from metastatic eye disease.2.
Takeshi Todoroki Souichiro Murata Yuji Nakagawa Nobuhiro Ohkohchi Yukio Morishita 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2006,3(1):22
Background
Tumor spread beyond the peritoneal cavity in cases of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the unknown primary (CUP) is a rare late event and carries a poor prognosis.Case presentation
A 71-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of a large right inguinal tumor with biopsy evidence of carcinoma as well as an elevated serum CA125 (cancer antigen 125). She underwent complete resection of the right inguinal tumor and multiple pelvic tumors, which involved the rectum, ovary and uterus. Pathological examination revealed the tumors to be metastases of a papillary serous adenocarcinoma with a psammoma body of CUP. On the 28th postoperative day, newly developed asymptomatic small left inguinal node metastases in the setting of a normal CA125 level were removed. Four and a half years after the primary resection, the CA125 level increased again and newly developed asymptomatic metastases were found in the right deep inguinal nodes and extirpated at that time. All surgical resections followed the modified FAM (5FU, Adriamycin; ADM, MMC) regimen, including protracted dairy oral administration of UFT or 5'-FDUR, Cimetidine and PSK (protein-bound polysaccharide K) as an immunomodulator or biological response modifier in conjunction with intermittent one-day continuous infusion (ADM+MMC) or intermittent single bolus injection of ADM+MMC. At present, the patient has been living in good health for almost 7 years with no evidence of relapse.Conclusion
Aggressive resection surgery followed by effective adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for surviving long time without relapse of poorly prognostic patients with metastases outside of the abdominal cavity from peritoneal papillary serous adenocarcinomas.3.
Gunjal Garg Ali Yilmaz Praveen Kumar Onur Turkoglu David G. Mutch Matthew A. Powell Barry Rosen Ray O. Bahado-Singh Stewart F. Graham 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(12):154
Introduction
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies and has an alarming global fatality rate. Besides the differences in underlying pathogenesis, distinguishing between high grade (HG) and low grade (LG) EOC is imperative for the prediction of disease progression and responsiveness to chemotherapy.Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate, the tissue metabolome associated with HG and LG serous epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods
A combination of one dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D H NMR) spectroscopy and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to profile the tissue metabolome of HG, LG serous EOCs, and controls.Results
Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, we observed significant separation between all groups (p?<?0.05) following cross validation. We identified which metabolites were significantly perturbed in each EOC grade as compared with controls and report the biochemical pathways which were perturbed due to the disease. Among these metabolic pathways, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism was identified, for the first time, as being significantly altered in both LG and HG serous cancers. Further, we have identified potential biomarkers of EOC and generated predictive algorithms with AUC (CI)?=?0.940 and 0.929 for HG and LG, respectively.Conclusion
These previously unreported biochemical changes provide a framework for future metabolomic studies for the development of EOC biomarkers. Finally, pharmacologic targeting of the key metabolic pathways identified herein could lead to novel and effective treatments of EOC.4.
Yan Xu Rui Bi Yaoxing Xiao Xiaoyu Tu Ming Li Anqi Li Ling Shan Shuling Zhou Wentao Yang 《Diagnostic pathology》2017,12(1):87
Background
Mounting evidence has shown that KRAS and BRAF are somatic mutations associated with low grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) of the ovary. However, the frequency of KRAS or BRAF mutation was variable in literatures, with a frequency of 16–54% for KRAS mutation and 2–33% for BRAF mutation. Meanwhile, the prognostic significance of KRAS or BRAF mutation remains controversial.Methods
Codons 12 and 13 of exon 2 of KRAS gene and exon 15 of BRAF gene were analyzed using direct Sanger sequencing in 32 cases of LGSC of the ovary. The associations between KRAS or BRAF mutation and clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were statistically analyzed.Results
KRAS mutation was observed in nine cases (9/32, 28%) and BRAF mutation in two cases (2/32, 6%). KRAS and BRAF mutations were mutually exclusive. Neither KRAS nor BRAF mutation was statistically associated with OS or DFS in our cohort, although there was a favorable prognostic trend in patients with KRAS G12D mutation than those with KRAS G12 V mutation or wild-type KRAS for OS.Conclusions
The present study indicated a low frequency of BRAF or KRAS mutation in Chinese patients with LGSC of the ovary, and neither KRAS nor BRAF mutation is a prognostic factor.5.
Objectives
To investigate the biological functions of microRNA-144-3p with respect to proliferation and apoptosis of human salivary adenoid carcinoma cell lines via mTOR.Results
After transfection of microRNA-144-3p agomir, cell viability assays confirmed that the salivary adenoid carcinoma cell (SACC) proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was induced. Dual luciferase reporter assay validated that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was a direct target of miR-144-3p. Western blot, immunofluorescent analysis and a xenograft mouse model of adenoid cystic carcinoma indicated that miR-144-3p was a tumor suppressor and repressed mTOR expression and signaling in SACCs.Conclusions
MicroRNA-144-3p inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human salivary adenoid carcinoma cells by downregulating mTOR expression in vitro and in vivo.6.
Wei-Chen Lee Hong-Shiue Chou Ting-Jung Wu Chen-Fang Lee Pao-Yueh Hsu Hsiu-Ying Hsu Tsung-Han Wu Kun-Ming Chan 《Clinical proteomics》2017,14(1):29
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and easy to recur even the tumor is totally removed by surgery. Portal vascular invasion is one of the major factors contributing to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. However, why hepatocellular carcinoma is easy to grow into vessels is unclear.Methods
Surgical specimens from seven hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis and seven patients without vascular invasion were utilized to analyze protein expression by proteomic technique. The proteins in the tumors were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein patterns in the gels were recorded as digitalized images. The differences of expression in hepatocellular carcinoma with or without portal vein thrombosis were identified by mass spectrometry.Results
Clinically, the tumors with portal vein thrombosis were larger than those without portal vein thrombosis. The median survival time for the patients with portal vein thrombosis was much shorter [4 (ranged 2.5–47) vs. 53 (ranged 33–85) months, p = 0.002]. By analyzing the protein expression in cancer tissues with or without portal vein thrombosis, the differences of protein expression were mainly metabolic enzymes. Carbonic anhydrase I, betaine–homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1, fumarate hydratase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and arginase-1 were all down-regulated in the tumors with portal vein thrombosis.Conclusion
Metabolic enzymes and cytosol carbonic anhydrases were downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus. The deficiency of metabolic enzymes and cytosol carbonic anhydrases may alter cellular metabolisms and acid–base balance in hepatocellular carcinoma, which may facilitate to invade portal vein.7.
Objectives
To investigate whether miR-1260b can regulate migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeting RGS22.Results
miR-1260b was up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with their corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Over-expression of miR-1260b increased migration and invasion of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells associated with HCC. Regulator of G-protein signaling 22 (RGS22) was identified as a directly target of miR-1260b and was inhibited by miR-1260b. Knockdown of RGS22 increased proliferation of HCC cells.Conclusions
The new identified miR-1260b/RGS22 axis provides useful therapeutic methods for treatment of HCC deepening on our understanding of underlying mechanisms of HCC tumorigenesis.8.
Neil A Porter Helen L Anderson Saad Al-Dujaily 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2006,3(1):27
Background
Renal cell carcinoma is well known for its frequency to metastasise, particularly to lungs, liver, bones and brain. Metastasis to the skin is much less common. Presentation as a result of the skin lesion is even more unusual, with only 14 previously reported cases in the English literature. The majority of these cases have been reported in patients with recurrent disease or with other metastases.Case presentation
We present only the second case of non-recurrent renal cell carcinoma with a solitary cutaneous facial metastasis reported in the English literature.Conclusion
Clinicians should conduct a careful inspection of the skin in patients with renal cell carcinoma and also have a high index of suspicion of primary internal organ malignancy in patients presenting with a skin lesion.9.
Background
Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV-OPC) is clinicopathologically distinct entity from the HPV-unassociated one (nHPV-OPC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between histological subtypes of OPC and HPV status for Japanese cases and to identify histological structures of HPV-OPC.Methods
66 OPC cases were categorized into conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the variants. Conventional SCC was subcategorized into keratinizing (KSCC), non-keratinizing (NKSCC), and hybrid SCC (HSCC). HPV status of all cases was determined using p16-immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA ISH.Results
Two histological subtypes, NKSCC and HSCC, tended to be HPV-OPC and KSCC tended to be nHPV-OPC with statistical significance. Two histological structures, abrupt keratinization, defined in the text, and comedo-necrosis among non-maturing tumor island, were observed for 58.1% and 38.7% of HPV-OPC, and tended to exist for HPV-OPC with statistical significance.Conclusions
This study showed the association of NKSCC/HSCC with HPV-OPC in Japanese cases, and two histological structures, abrupt keratinization and comedo-necrosis among non-maturing island, were considered characteristic histological features of HPV-OPC.Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1816432541113073.10.
Background
Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (SHC) is a rare malignant hepatic tumor. Recurrent interventional therapies such as transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and percutaneous ethanol injection have been reported previously utilized in a majority of SHC cases. To date, the exact pathogenic mechanisms underlying sarcomatoid transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.Case presentation
In this study, we report a 68-year-old female SHC patient admitted to our hospital due to discrete abdominal distention for more than 20 days. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) with tri-phase enhancement revealed portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT) and a left hepatic lobe lesion measuring 110.0 mm?×?160.0 mm. The patient subsequently underwent liver resection, after which pathological examination revealed proliferation of spindle-shaped SHC cells. A sarcomatoid, T4 stage carcinoma was eventually diagnosed. Forty-seven days after the operation, tri-phase enhanced CT detected extensive lesions in the liver, spleen, peritoneum, omentum majus, and mesentery, indicating SHC recurrence and metastases. Combination chemotherapy with pirarubicin and cisplatin was initiated for 1 cycle, but terminated due to resultant severe myelosuppression and medication intolerance. The patient was lost to therapy after 3 months of follow-up.Conclusions
This case is unique because of hepatitis C virus infection. We should consider the possibility of this disease in patients with atypical clinical presentation.11.
12.
Hao Chen Robert Klein Stacy Arnold Setsuko Chambers Wenxin Zheng 《Cancer cell international》2015,16(1):78
Background
Mounting evidence suggests the fallopian tube as the origin for ovarian high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). We attempted to identify the tubal cytological features that allow us to distinguish malignant from benign conditions.Methods
Tubal specimens (n = 56) were collected from patients who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) due to various clinical indications. A standard procedure to collect fallopian tube brushings from freshly received surgical specimens was developed. Cytological diagnoses were classified into three categories: benign, atypical, and suspicious for malignancy/malignant. Cytological variables of individual cells and epithelia were subjected to statistical analysis. The fallopian tube histology was used as diagnostic reference for confirmation of cytology diagnosis.Results
Among the 56 fallopian tube specimens, 2 (3.7 %) showed inadequate cellularity preventing further evaluation, 11 (20.4 %) were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious of malignancy, 7 were atypical, and 36 were benign. The presence of three dimensional clusters (p < 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact Test), or prominent nucleoli (p = 0.0252, Fisher Exact test) was highly correlated with the diagnosis of malignancy. The suspicious malignant/malignant cytological diagnosis was also highly correlated with presence of HGSC with or without serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC).Conclusions
Tubal cytology may be useful for ovarian cancer screening and early detection.13.
14.
Cuijie Shao Changsheng Duan Jiani Wang Shunlian Luan Yong Gao Dan Jin Deqiang Wang Yuming Li Lihua Xu 《Cancer cell international》2015,16(1):79
Background
The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of gastric carcinoma remain poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) and its clinical significance in human gastric carcinoma.Methods
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of TPX2 in 20 paired gastric carcinoma tissues and the adjacent normal tissues, and the expression of TPX2 protein in 106 specimens of a gastric carcinoma tissue microarray was determined by immunohistochemistry. The associations of TPX2 expression with the clinicopathological features were analyzed, and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients was evaluated.Results
The results showed that the expression of TPX2 mRNA was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in the adjacent normal tissues in 20 paired samples. Western blotting analysis revealed that TPX2 protein was differentially increased in 17 of 20 specimens from primary human gastric carcinoma tissues compared with those from adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TPX2 over-expression was significantly associated with advanced age (P = 0.001) and tumor T stage (P = 0.003). In addition, TPX2 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.001; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.626–7.198; P = 0.001].Conclusions
TPX2 is up-regulated in gastric carcinoma and is associated with old age and tumor T stage. TPX2 may serve as a good prognostic indicator in patients with gastric carcinoma.15.
Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan Anali Riahi Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard Meysam Moghbeli 《Cellular & molecular biology letters》2018,23(1):42
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer, with a poor prognosis. Deregulation of WNT and NOTCH signaling pathways is important in ESCC progression, which can be due to either malfunction of their components or crosstalk with other pathways. Therefore, identification of new crosstalk between such pathways may be effective to introduce new strategies for targeted therapy of cancer. A correlation study was performed to assess the probable interaction between growth factor receptors and WNT/NOTCH pathways via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Musashi1 (MSI1), respectively.Methods
Levels of MSI1/EGFR mRNA expression in tumor tissues from 48 ESCC patients were compared to their corresponding normal tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results
There was a significant correlation between EGFR and MSI1 expression (p?=?0.05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between EGFR/MSI1 expression and grade of tumor differentiation (p?=?0.02).Conclusion
This study confirms a direct correlation between MSI1 and EGFR and may support the important role of MSI1 in activation of EGFR through NOTCH/WNT pathways in ESCC.16.
JB Parentes-Vieira PV Lopes-Costa CG Pires AR dos Santos JD Pereira-Filho BB da Silva 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):22
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis according to CD34 antigen expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and negative breast carcinomas.Methods
This study comprised 64 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma in postmenopausal women divided into two groups: Group A: ER-positive, n = 35; and Group B: ER-negative, n = 29. The anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody was used as a marker for endothelial cells. Microvessel count was carried out in 10 fields per slide using a 40× objective lens (magnification 400×). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test (p < 0.05).Results
The mean number of vessels stained with the anti-CD34 antibody in the estrogen receptor-positive and negative tumors was 23.51 ± 1.15 and 40.24 ± 0.42, respectively. The number of microvessels was significantly greater in the estrogen receptor-negative tumors (p < 0.001).Conclusion
ER-negative tumors have significantly greater CD34 antigen expression compared to ER-positive tumors.17.
Zhan Zhou Shanshan Wu Jun Lai Yuan Shi Chixiao Qiu Zhe Chen Yufeng Wang Xun Gu Jie Zhou Shuqing Chen 《BMC medical genomics》2017,10(1):49
Background
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) poses an urgent challenge for cancer precision medicine because it can cause drug resistance against cancer target therapy and immunotherapy. The search for trunk mutations that are present in all cancer cells is therefore critical for each patient.Case presentation
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiregional sequencing for the identification of trunk mutations present in all regions of a tumor as a case study. We applied multiregional whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and homogeneity of a case of gastric carcinoma. Approximately 83% of common missense mutations present in two samples and approximately 89% of common missense mutations present in three samples were trunk mutations. Notably, trunk mutations appeared to have higher variant allele frequencies (VAFs) than non-trunk mutations.Conclusions
Our results indicate that small-scale multiregional sampling and subsequent screening of low VAF somatic mutations might be a cost-effective strategy for identifying the majority of trunk mutations in gastric carcinoma.18.
Gregorio Rubio Belén García-Mora Cristina Santamaría José Luis Pontones 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2014,11(Z1):S3
Background
Superficial bladder cancer has been the subject of numerous studies for many years, but the evolution of the disease still remains not well understood. After the tumor has been surgically removed, it may reappear at a similar level of malignancy or progress to a higher level. The process may be reasonably modeled by means of a Markov process. However, in order to more completely model the evolution of the disease, this approach is insufficient. The semi-Markov framework allows a more realistic approach, but calculations become frequently intractable. In this context, flowgraph models provide an efficient approach to successfully manage the evolution of superficial bladder carcinoma. Our aim is to test this methodology in this particular case.Results
We have built a successful model for a simple but representative case.Conclusion
The flowgraph approach is suitable for modeling of superficial bladder cancer.19.
Richard Tuli Brian J O'Hara Janet Hines Anne L Rosenberg 《International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO》2007,4(1):21
Background
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is an uncommon, benign entity with a diagnosis of exclusion. The typical clinical presentation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis often mimics infection or malignancy. As a result, histopathological confirmation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis combined with exclusion of infection, malignancy and other causes of granulomatous disease is absolutely necessary.Case Presentation
We present a case of a young woman with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, initially mistaken for mastitis as well as breast carcinoma, and successfully treated with a course of corticosteroids.Conclusion
There is no clear clinical consensus regarding the ideal therapeutic management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Treatment options include expectant management with spontaneous remission, corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive agents and extensive surgery for refractory cases.20.