三种木层孔菌子实体不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的研究

以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,分别对桑木层孔菌Phellinus mori、鲍姆木层孔菌Phellinus baumii和瓦宁木层孔菌Phellinus vaninii野生子实体甲醇提取物(ME)、氯仿提取物(CE)、乙酸乙酯提取物(EAE)、正丁醇提取物(BE)和热水提取物(WE)的体外清除DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)自由基、羟自由基和总抗氧化能力进行了检测。结果表明,3种木层孔菌的不同溶剂提取物都具有体外抗氧化活性。3种菌EAE清除DPPH自由基能力较强,其中瓦宁木层孔菌EAE清除DPPH自由基能力最强,IC50为10.65μg/mL。3种木层孔菌热水浸提物清除羟自由基的能力较强,鲍姆木层孔菌WE的清除率最高,1mg/mL时达到73.52%。另外,3种木层孔菌不同提取物总抗氧化能力和清除DPPH自由基能力基本相同,瓦宁木层孔菌BE的总抗氧化能力最强,1mg/mL时达到了167.7U/mL。3种木层孔菌相比,瓦宁木层孔菌不同提取物的体外抗氧化能力最强,其次是鲍姆木层孔菌,桑木层孔菌的体外抗氧化能力最弱。     

半枝莲、白花蛇舌草及其药对提取物抗氧化及清除自由基活性

采用几种化学及生物学模型考察了半枝莲、白花蛇舌草及其药对提取物抗氧化及清除自由基活性.研究结果表明三种提取物中,半枝莲提取物还原能力、清除DPPH及·OH自由基能力最强,药对提取物螯合Fe2 能力以及保护DNA免受自由基损伤能力最强.提示提取物抗氧化及清除自由基活性可能与其黄酮组成及含量相关.推测药对的抗癌作用机理可能与金属离子的螯合能力和对DNA损伤的保护作用等有关.     

4种珍稀食用菌水提物的抗氧化活性研究

用DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法和超氧阴离子自由基清除法对4种珍稀食用菌灵芝、云芝、茶树菇、松茸的水提物进行抗氧化活性评价,为更好评价其抗氧化活性,以维生素C作为阳性对照。实验结果显示：4种食用菌水提物具有不同程度的抗氧化活性。云芝对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.46 mg/mL,维生素C清除DPPH自由基的IC₅₀为0.046 mg/mL;茶树菇对清除羟基自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.41 mg/mL,云芝和松茸也有较强清除羟自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为1.56、1.57 mg/mL,三者的清除能力均明显优于阳性对照样品,维生素C清除羟自由基的IC₅₀为2.41 mg/mL;灵芝和云芝有较强清除超氧阴离子自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为124.48、138.28 mg/mL。     

瓦布贝母内生真菌共培养发酵产物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH自由基清除、ABTS自由基清除及FRAP铁离子还原能力三种方法对五株瓦布贝母内生真菌单培养、两两共培养无菌发酵液进行抗氧化活性研究,再测定活性较高组合发酵液的石油醚(30~60℃)、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物的抗氧化活性,以维生素C作为阳性对照。结果发现在瓦布贝母内生真菌两两共培养中,4WBY1+WBS019、6WBY3+WBS019和WBS019+WBS020三个组合无菌发酵液的抗氧化活性至少在两项抗氧化方法评价下均极显著高于单培养。试验还发现,上述三个组合的乙酸乙酯提物和正丁醇提物的抗氧化活性较强;WBS019+WBS020组合的乙酸乙酯提物在1.8 mg/m L时,对DPPH自由基清除率可达74.38%±0.65%;6WBY3+WBS019组合的正丁醇提取物(IC_(50)=0.25 mg/m L)对ABTS自由基清除作用与维生素C(IC_(50)=0.07mg/m L)相对接近;三个组合的各提取物对Fe3+还原能力均较弱,远低于阳性对照。说明在适当条件下开展内生真菌共培养具有潜在利用价值。     

卷丝苣苔和勐醒芒毛苣苔抗氧化活性研究

利用3种方法DPPH、ABTS和FRAP分析两种苦苣苔科植物卷丝苣苔和勐醒芒毛苣苔提取物总抗氧化作用.在4种提取物中,卷丝苣苔甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力(IC50=4.92μg/mL)比阳性对照BHT作用强(IC50=18.79 μg/mL);卷丝苣苔甲醇提取物对ABTS自由基的清除能力(IC50=11.10 μg/mL)比BHT(IC50=6.04 μg/mL)略低;卷丝苣苔甲醇提取物还原Fe3+的能力(FRAP=2403.77±38.05 μmol TE/g)比BHT(FRAP=1748.49±3.46 μmol TE/g)高.在4种提取物中,卷丝苣苔甲醇提取物抗氧化能力最高.     

荸荠皮提取物对DPPH自由基清除活性

采用70%丙酮溶液对荸荠皮中抗氧化物质进行提取,得到红棕色浸膏。通过定性及定量方法分析了荸荠皮提取物中可能存在的具有抗氧化活性的物质;采用DPPH自由基法测定了荸荠皮提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果显示,荸荠皮提取物中含有多酚类和黄酮类等化合物,其多酚含量为3.31%(w/w,以干物质计)。DPPH自由基法显示,荸荠皮提取物具有一定的清除DPPH自由基能力,其清除能力与提取物浓度之间显示出良好的剂量-效应关系。该提取物(IC50值为130.37 ppm)对DPPH自由基清除能力略低于BHT(IC50值为94.16 ppm)。     

黑灵芝提取物清除DPPH自由基的作用

以黑灵芝为研究对象,采用不同方法提取黑灵芝中的有效成分,以BHT和抗坏血酸为对照品,采用DPPH.法研究各种提取物对自由基的清除作用。结果表明:微波萃取法是最适合提取黑灵芝中有效成分的现代方法,不仅产率高,而且速度快,节能;不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基清除率强弱依次为95%乙醇>丙酮>水>氯仿,提取物用量与清除能力成量效关系;黑灵芝的丙酮提取物浓度达到1 mg/mL时已超过10 mg/mL BHT的抗氧化效果,相当于0.5 mg/mL浓度抗坏血酸的抗氧化效果。     

麦积山野生刺五加多酚与黄酮的超声辅助提取与体外抗氧化活性的研究

以麦积山野生刺五加为原料,研究了其有效成分总多酚和总黄酮的超声波辅助提取工艺及体外抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件为:超声时间40 min、超声功率600 W、提取温度60°C、料液比1∶35(g∶m L),并对此条件进行三次平行验证实验,得出平均提取量为总多酚25. 21±0. 17 mg GAE/g和总黄酮28. 11±0. 19 mg RE/g;以人工合成VC为对照,进行了体外抗氧化活性的研究,得出提取物质量浓度达到300mg/L时,总抗氧化能力最大;提取物质量浓度达到440. 00 mg/L时,DPPH自由基清除能力最强,清除率为94. 52%±1. 30%;提取物质量浓度达到130. 00 mg/L时,超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)清除能力最强,清除率为86. 71%±1. 28%;提取物质量浓度达到100. 00 mg/L时,羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力最强,清除率为94. 23%±1. 53%。整体来看,野生刺五加提取物体外抗氧化能力显著强于人工合成的VC(P 0. 05)。     

黄芪和党参提取物的抗氧化活性研究

采用分光光度法测定不同产地黄芪、党参醇提取物的抗氧化性,并对它们清除自由基能力进行比较.结果显示,甘肃渭源、陇西、吉林舒兰、山西浑源黄芪醇提取物的DPPH自由基清除率依次为:21.38%、13.53%、35.09%和20.18%,表明不同产地的黄芪的抗氧化活性差异明显;陕西凤县、南郑、山西陵川党参醇提取物的DPPH自由基清除率依次为:17.56%、9.87%和8.03%,表明不同产区的党参抗氧化活性存在一定的差异;黄芪、党参提取物清除DPPH自由基的IC50分别是0.24和0.85 mg·mL-1,即黄芪提取物清除自由基能力大于党参提取物.     

苦碟子注射液抗氧化成分的分离与活性评价研究

苦碟子注射液经盐酸酸化,HPD大孔树脂柱分离,得到总酚酸部分,以抗坏血酸(Vc)做为阳性对照,利用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基法和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)法对其进行抗氧化活性评价,研究结果表明,总酚酸部分具有较好的抗氧化能力。为此,我们利用大孔树脂柱色谱、MDS-5反相制备色谱对总酚酸进一步分离,共获得6个酚酸类成分。采用上述活性评价的方法对所获得的6个成分进行了抗氧化活性评价,发现除芹菜素-7-O-β-D葡萄糖醛酸苷外,其它5个酚酸类成分均具有很强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基能力及总抗氧化能力好于或与阳性对照Vc相当。     

Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts as affected by in vitro digestion

Phenolic compounds from soft wheat and its milling fractions were extracted and their in vitro antioxidant activity evaluated. Non-hydrolyzed extracts were prepared by extracting phenolics into distilled deionized water. To make hydrolyzed extracts samples were first subjected to pH adjustments in order to simulate gastrointestinal pH conditions. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's procedure. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined using Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and expressed as Trolox equivalents (TE). Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts was determined using the procedures of inhibition of beta-carotene bleaching, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The TPC and TAA of wheat extracts tested were significantly increased following hydrolysis. Similarly, the antioxidant activity, as determined by different procedures, was considerably increased when the samples were subjected to simulated digestion conditions.     

黄连抗氧化活性研究

利用DPPH、FRAP和ABTS三种抗氧化活性分析方法对黄连植物不同部位的有机溶剂提取部分进行抗氧化评价,将所测定结果与Trolox进行比较,发现黄连植物不同部位抗氧化活性不同。其中,黄连须根的抗氧化活性最高;同一部位中,乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物抗氧化活性一般要高于石油醚提取物。在三种方法中,黄连不同部位的提取物清除自由基的能力均随浓度增大而增大;三种方法之间有很好的相关性,以FRAP法与DPPH法相关性最好(r=0.9261,P<0.01)。     

儿茶素分光光度法与微量法抗氧化活性研究

为比较微量法和分光光度法的差异,以Trolox为参比物,PG、BHA和BHT为阳性对照品,比较其IC50和TEAC;以儿茶素的抗氧化活性为研究对象,对2种方法的相关性做Paired—samplet t est。发现2种方法所得到的TEAC基本一致,4个标准品和儿茶素的抗氧化活性顺序一致,即：PG〉儿茶素〉BHA〉Trolox〉BHT;2种方法的相关系数r=0．998,显著性P=0．501。研究结果表明,分光光度法操作繁琐费时,用样量大;微量法操作简单快速,用样量小,准确性好,适合对微量天然产物抗氧化活性的评价。     

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Unexplored Brazilian Native Fruits

Brazilian native fruits are unmatched in their variety, but a poorly explored resource for the development of food and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic composition as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of leaves, seeds, and pulp of four Brazilian native fruits (Eugenia leitonii, Eugenia involucrata, Eugenia brasiliensis, and Eugenia myrcianthes). GC—MS analyses of the ethanolic extracts showed the presence of epicatechin and gallic acid as the major compounds in these fruits. Antioxidant activity was measured using synthetic DPPH free-radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROO·, O₂·⁻, and HOCl). The fruit extracts also exhibited antioxidant effect against biologically relevant radicals such as peroxyl, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid. In general, the pulps were the fruit fractions that exhibited the lowest antioxidant activities, whereas the leaves showed the highest ones. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in an in vivo model using the carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration assay, which evaluates the inflammatory response in the acute phase. The pulp, seeds, and leaves of these fruits reduced the neutrophil influx by 40% to 64%. Based on these results, we suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of these native fruits is related to the modulation of neutrophil migration, through the inhibition of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, as well as to the antioxidant action of their ethanolic extracts in scavenging the free-radicals released by neutrophils. Therefore, these native fruits can be useful to produce food additives and functional foods.     

核桃叶多酚含量的测定和抗氧化能力的研究

核桃又称胡桃,全身是宝,除核桃仁可以直接食用外,其青皮、叶、枝、花、壳等均可入药,具有重要的经济和药用价值。为了进一步开发和利用核桃属植物资源,该研究以核桃叶为材料,采用Folin-酚法,测定核桃叶75%乙醇提取物及石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取后的各部分多酚的含量,通过DPPH·和ABTS·自由基清除法评价其抗氧化能力,并分析多酚含量与抗氧化能力的关系。结果表明:核桃叶提取物及其各萃取部分均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯部分、正丁醇部分的IC_(50)均高于VC,核桃叶75%乙醇粗提物(Ext.)与VC相当,且多酚的含量和抗氧化能力呈现正相关关系。这说明核桃叶的提取物可以作为天然的抗氧化剂应用于食品、医疗、化妆品、保健品等行业。该研究结果为进一步开发利用核桃资源和提高核桃的经济效益提供了一定的理论基础。     

The effect of solvent extraction on antioxidant properties of apricot fruit

Two solvent extraction procedures were used to investigate the extraction efficiency in terms of total antioxidant capacity and total phenols in apricot fruit. Samples were either sequentially extracted with aqueous ethanol (ethanol/water 80% v/v) and tetrahydrofuran or directly extracted with tetrahydrofuran. Each extract was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity by the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay and total phenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results showed that using sequential solvent extraction, the majority (85%) of the total antioxidant capacity and total phenols was due to hydrophilic compounds. In tetrahydrofuran direct extractions, the total antioxidant capacity and total phenols were higher than values obtained with aqueous ethanol and the sum of results obtained from sequential extracts for either total antioxidant capacity or total phenols was similar to the tetrahydrofuran-extract antioxidant values. A linear correlation between total antioxidant capacity and total phenols was found and was independent of the solvent extraction method. In conclusion, the choice of solvent is related to the antioxidant potential of fruit and depends on the food hydrophilic/lipophilic composition.     

八种水果中的多酚含量及其抗氧化性

测定了苹果、石榴、橄榄、芒果、香蕉、菠萝、葡萄和龙眼的壳、肉及核中的多酚含量及其抗氧化性。以70%丙酮(v/v)为提取溶剂,室温下超声波辅助浸提样品后得到提取液。采用普鲁士兰(Prussian blue)法测定了提取液中多酚和单宁的含量,利用FRAP法测定其抗氧化性。结果表明:提取液中多酚和单宁的含量均与其抗氧化性成正相关关系;石榴、橄榄、芒果、葡萄和龙眼等水果的壳与核有望成为天然抗氧化剂的新来源。     

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of quebracho phenolics (Schinopsis balansae) recovered from tannery wastewaters

Quebracho extracts are used in tannery due to their high concentration of phenolics. The Mexican tannery industry uses around 450 kg/m(3) of which, 150 kg/m(3) remains in wastewaters and are discharged in drain pipe systems or rivers. The quebracho phenolics recovered from tannery wastewater (QPTW) was characterized by HPLC. The antimutagenic and antioxidant activities as well as the microbiological quality were evaluated. Total phenolic content of QPTW was 621mg catechin equivalent/g sample. Gallic and protocatechuic acids were the major components characterized by HPLC. QPTW showed an inhibition range on aflatoxin B(1) mutagenicity from 16 to 60% and was dose-dependent. Antioxidant activity (defined as beta-carotene bleaching) of QPTW (64.4%) at a dose of 12.3mg/mL was similar to that of BHT (68.7%) at a dose of 0.33 mg/mL, but lower than Trolox (90.8% at a dose of 2.5mg/mL); meanwhile antiradical activity (measured as reduction of DPPH) (60.8%) was higher than that of BHT (50.8%) and Trolox (34.2%). Quebracho residues were demonstrated to be an outstanding source of phenolic acids and for research and industrial uses.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (alpha-CEHC), a vitamin E metabolite

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (alpha-CEHC) has been identified as a major water-soluble metabolite of vitamin E, which circulates in the blood and is excreted with the urine. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of alpha-CEHC using several methods with different prooxidant challenges. In the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay, a fluorescent protein acts as a marker for oxidative damage induced by peroxyl radicals. In the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay, a stable free radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS.+) is reduced directly by antioxidants. Scavenging properties vs. reactive nitrogen species were studied measuring the effects on tyrosine nitration after reaction with peroxynitrite. Trolox, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and (-)-epicatechin were simultaneously tested in order to compare their antioxidant activities. In all mentioned systems, alpha-CEHC exhibited antioxidant properties similar to those of Trolox. We conclude that alpha-CEHC is a molecule with good antioxidant activity, having the advantage over Trolox of being a naturally occurring compound. These properties might be useful for research or industrial purposes.     

Antioxidant activity of polar lichens from King George Island (Antarctica)

Antioxidant agents prevent reactive oxygen species, which can cause degenerative diseases. Natural antioxidants are preferred over many synthetic antioxidants, which can be toxic, for therapeutic applications. Five lichen species were collected from King George Island, Antarctica. Antioxidant activities as assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical and ABTS^•+ [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] radical scavenging capacities were determined and compared with those of commercial standards BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and trolox [(±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid]. The results indicated that two lichens exhibited comparatively high antioxidant activities with the remaining three exhibiting less activity. The antioxidant activity was concentration-dependent. When compared, the antioxidant activity of crude extracts from polar lichens to previously published data for tropical and temperate lichen species, we concluded that lichens of Antarctic origin may be the potent sources of strong antioxidant agents. Such species should be explored as novel sources of effective antioxidant metabolites.