基于元分析的抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL比较定位

以玉米遗传连锁图谱IBM2 2005 Neighbors为参考图谱,通过映射整合不同试验中的抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL,构建QTL综合图谱。在国内外种质中,共发现22个抗病QTL,分布在除第7染色体外的9条玉米染色体上。采用元分析技术,获得2个“一致性”抗病QTL,图距分别为8.79 cM和18.92cM。从MaizeGDB网站下载“一致性”QTL区间内基因和标记的原始序列;采用NCBI网站在线软件BLASTx通过同源比对在2个“一致性”QTL区间内初步获得4个抗病位置候选基因。借助比较基因电子定位策略,将69个水稻和玉米抗性基因定位于玉米IBM2图谱上,在2个“一致性”QTL区间内分别发现1个水稻抗性基因,初步推断为抗病位置候选基因。本文结果为抗玉米丝黑穗病QTL精细定位和分子育种提供了基础。     

枇杷八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆及表达分析

本研究以‘大五星’(红肉)和‘川农1-5-9’(白肉)枇杷不同发育阶段的果皮、果肉为材料,采用同源克隆法从枇杷果实中克隆类胡萝卜素合成途径中关键酶基因PSY,利用生物信息学方法分析所获得的核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列,再利用qRT-PCR从转录水平上检测两种枇杷不同发育阶段表达水平。发现枇杷PSY基因cDNA序列全长1 191 bp,具有完整开放阅读框,编码396个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性分析表明,枇杷PSY蛋白与其他物种PSY蛋白具有很高的相似性,与苹果(Malus domestica)相似性高达98%。qRT-PCR分析表明,随着枇杷果实的发育,PSY基因表达量明显增加,与转色期后枇杷总类胡萝卜素含量变化一致,表明PSY基因可能参与枇杷类胡萝卜素合成的调控。     

茶陵野生稻冷响应基因OrCrZFl的克隆与生物信息学分析

OrCrZFl基因是基于水稻基因表达芯片分析从茶陵野生稻中筛选出的一个受低温诱导、编码类锌指蛋白的基因。以茶陵野生稻为材料,用RT-PCR方法扩增获得了包含其完整ORF的cDNA克隆。根据其ORF进行预测,该基因编码一个包含492个氨基酸残基的蛋白,其理论分子量为51.895 kD,pI=6.21。经蛋白质相似性比对,其编码蛋白与日本晴第8号染色体上Os08g0536300基因编码的蛋白质(GenBank登录号:XP_015649825.1,zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 14)氨基酸序列一致性为98.37%;其第145位到第492位氨基酸序列与籼稻93-11的预测蛋白(EEC83950.1, hypothetical protein OsI_30045)一致性为96.55%;其第16位到第492位氨基酸序列与谷子(Setaria italica)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、玉米(Zea mays)、粗山羊草(Aegilops tauschii subsp.tauschii)及穿心莲(Panicum hallii)编码的蛋白(zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 14/15)一致性为67.35%～72.47%。对其可能的启动子区域序列分析,发现多个可能与逆境或逆境激素反应有关的顺式作用元件。基于以上结果,我们认为该基因为一新的野生稻耐冷候选基因。     

人类Connexin基因家族新成员-Cx44基因的克隆和特性分析

用绵羊和牛的Cx44基因(connexin 44 protein gene)序列对NCBI数据库进行Blast检索,得到一个相似性很高的人DNA序列(Human Genome Bank:AL138688),用GENSCAN程序分析AL138688,推测AL138688中包含一个编码区由1个外显子构成的基因——Cx44基因。人Cx44基因的开放阅读框为1320bp,推测编码435个氨基酸。用PROMOTORSCAN程序分析了其启动子。人Cx44基因与绵羊Cx44基因在1320bp有84.75％的一致性,其表达的蛋白有83％的一致性。用Map View将人的Cx44基因定位于13号染色体。     

腮腺炎病毒分离株(SP株)SH基因及其旁侧序列的初步分析

目的 比较腮腺炎病毒分离株SP株与其他野毒株的序列差异,以确定其遗传特征。方法 将2005年在云南省石屏县收集到的腮腺炎患儿唾液标本,于Vero细胞培养7 d后观察病变并分离收获病毒,用血细胞吸附试验验证。同时提取病毒RNA,采用反转录-套式聚合酶链反应(RT-nPCR)法从病毒RNA中扩增出SH基因及其旁侧序列,测序并以VectorNT16．0软件分析。结果 SH基因旁侧区序列分析表明:SP株与国内已知野毒株具有明显的亲缘关系,在SH基因旁侧区范围内的序列一致性为93％～96％,差异均＜8％。氨基酸序列分析发现:该毒株与其他国内野毒株在此区域中的氨基酸序列一致性为93．3％～98．25％,与Wlz2株的遗传距离最近。结论 SP株属于F基因亚型。     

小麦RING型E3泛素连接酶基因TaSDIR1-D克隆与功能分析

具有RING结构域的E3泛素连接酶SDIR1(Salt-and drought induced really interesting new gene finger1)在植物信号调节通路中发挥着重要的作用。本研究克隆得到小麦TaSDIR1-D基因,基因组序列全长4070 bp,其中编码区上游为1443 bp,编码区为2352 bp,3'端非编码区(UTR)为275 bp;该基因编码区cDNA序列长度为849 bp,预测其编码282个氨基酸,包括2个跨膜结构域和1个保守的RING型finger结构域。以野生近缘种的二倍体、四倍体和六倍体普通小麦及一套由中国春为背景的缺-四体为材料,将基因定位在染色体4D上;小麦抽穗期TaSDIR1-D在旗叶中的表达量最高;在NaCl、ABA、PEG及4℃非生物胁迫诱导下,小麦TaSDIR1-D均上调表达,可能参与植物抗逆调节通路;通过检测32份多态性较高的小麦材料TaSDIR1-D基因序列多态性,共检测到2个SNP,基因的编码区和上游序列中各存在1个核苷酸变异,其中编码区的核苷酸变异位点(G/A)位于第4外显子上,为非同义突变,使精氨酸(Agr)变为组氨酸(His)。2个SNP组成两种单倍型,根据-583 bp处的SNP(T/C)设计分子标记SNP-583,扫描自然群体262份材料的基因型,将其分为2种单倍型,分别与千粒重、倒二节长和穗长显著相关或极显著相关,单倍型Hap-4D-2为提高千粒重的优异单倍型。研究结果为小麦分子育种提供了理论依据和基因资源。     

普通小麦中一氧化氮相关因子(TaNOA)编码基因的克隆和分子生物学分析

一氧化氮是动植物体内重要的信号分子。本研究利用同源克隆技术从六倍体普通小麦中获得一个一氧化氮相关因子(TaNOA)编码基因的全长基因组和cDNA克隆。该基因具有13个外显子和12个内含子,与拟南芥以及水稻中同源基因结构相似。根据cDNA推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥AtNOA1的序列一致性达60%以上,具备P-环GTPaseG4-G5-G1-G2-G3的排列特征和保守的序列。对其中2个内含子的测序分析表明在六倍体小麦中TaNOA至少有3个成员。进一步用中国春小麦缺体-四体材料将这3个TaNOA基因成员分别定位在第六同源群的6A、6B和6D染色体上,本研究中获得的成员定位于6B染色体上,因此将其命名为TaNOA-B1。原生质体表达实验表明,TaNOA-B1可能定位在线粒体中。TaNOA基因在小麦根、叶片中表达较高,在幼穗和小花中有少量表达,茎中几乎检测不到表达。TaNOA的转录本水平还因脱落酸或盐处理而上升,表明它可能参与小麦对非生物胁迫的反应。本研究为进一步克隆六倍体小麦中TaNOA的其他成员及研究该基因在小麦中的功能奠定了基础。     

文蛤Smad1/5基因克隆、时空表达及生长相关SNP位点筛查

为探讨Smad1/5基因在贝类生长发育中的调控作用, 利用RACE技术克隆获得文蛤Smad1/5(Mm-Smad1/5)基因的cDNA全长序列, 对其生物信息学、不同组织和不同发育时期时空表达特征进行分析, 并利用直接测序法分析了外显子区域SNP位点与生长性状的相关性。结果表明: Mm-Smad1/5的cDNA全长序列为1832 bp, 开放阅读框1380 bp, 编码459个氨基酸; 氨基酸多序列比对显示, Mm-Smad1/5蛋白与太平洋牡蛎Smad5、大西洋舟螺Smad1的一致性分别为83.7%和80.2%, 与人、鸡、非洲爪蟾等脊椎动物Smad1、Smad5氨基酸序列的一致性达到70.5%以上, 说明该基因具有较高的保守性; 结构域预测发现, Mm-Smad1/5含有Smads蛋白家族特有MH1、MH2两个高度保守结构域。荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果表明, Mm-Smad1/5基因在成体6个组织均有表达, 尤其在斧足、外套膜中表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);Mm-Smad1/5基因在各发育时期广泛表达, 从原肠胚期开始大量表达, 一直持续到壳顶幼虫期, 而从眼点幼虫大量下降, 稚贝时期又有所上升。Mm-Smad1/5基因外显子区域SNP位点相关分析表明, 共发现了9个SNP位点, 其中936 G>T位点与文蛤的生长性状显著相关(P<0.05)。Mm-Smad1/5基因在文蛤生长发育中发挥重要调控作用, 可作为高产良种选育的候选基因, 而生长关联SNP位点分析将为文蛤分子标记辅助育种研究奠定重要基础。     

多枝赖草谷胱甘肽还原酶cDNA片段的克隆与分析

从盐胁迫处理的多枝赖草(Leymus multicaulis)新鲜叶片中提取分离出RNA,然后根据报道的多种植物谷胱甘肽还原酶氨基酸序列上两个保守区设计简并引物。RT-PCR获得了1条大小约400bp的条带,回收该条带并进行TA克隆,蓝白斑筛选,得到阳性克隆。经过质粒大小比较和PCR验址．进行序列测定和分析,发现该序列属于GR基因片段,其Genbank注册号为AY781786．编码的氨基酸序列与Oryza sativa、Zea mays、Arabidopsis thaliana和Nicotiana tabacum的GR相应区段的氨基酸序列一致性分别为91％、89％、86％和83％。蛋白质序列分析发现该序列含有一个吡啶二硫酸核苷酸氧化还原酶(pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxideoreductase)保守结构域。进化树分析表明,该多枝赖草cDNA片段编码的氨基酸序列在进化上与水稻和玉米较近。     

栽培大豆染色体改构复合体基因SNP5的克隆及序列分析

根据大豆耐盐基因表达芯片上提供的表达量下调的EST序列信息,借助了电子克隆方法,根据获得的假定序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR,从栽培大豆克隆了染色体改构复合体SNP5类同源基因。其片段长度为812bp,编码240个氨基酸的多肽,分子重量为27.4kD,等电点pI为5.37。NCBI保守结构域分析表明,其属于SNF5超家族,因此我们将其命名为Gm-SNP5(GenBank登录号:HM068595)。Southern杂交表明,GmSNF5基因在栽培大豆基因中至少有一个拷贝。氨基酸序列及系统进化树分析表明,GmSNF5与其同科的豌豆PsSNF5有较高的同源性,氨基酸序列一致性高达92%。由于其部分EST序列在大豆耐盐芯片中表达量下调,因此推测此基因在功能上与栽培大豆的耐盐性相关。     

西瓜八氢番茄红素合成酶基因片段的克隆和序列分析

以西瓜品种ZXG00152为材料,提取瓜瓤总RNA,进行反转录,依据植物八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)的氨基酸保守序列设计引物,以cDNA第一链为模板,扩增得到长约750 bp的cDNA片段。将该片段克隆到pMD19-T载体,测序结果表明该基因片段长748 bp,编码249个氨基酸,Blast搜索结果表明,由该片段推导出的氨基酸序列与其它植物的八氢番茄红素合成酶有较高的同源性,其中与甜瓜的一致性达到97.8%。该片段已在GenBank中登录(登录号:DQ494214)。     

蒙古冰草Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

旨在利用同源序列法分离蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng)Actin基因同源片段,为研究其他基因在蒙古冰草中的表达和调控提供内标参照.根据禾本科植物小麦Actin基因(AB181991)的保守序列设计2对引物A4和A5,采用RT-PCR扩增蒙古冰草的Actin基因片段,分别得到656 bp和848 bp的片段,使用DNAman和DNAuser等分子生物学软件进行序列分析,将2个片段的重复序列合并后获得一段长度为962 bp的基因片段,编码237个氨基酸,将克隆的Actin基因片段命名为MwACT.该序列与其它植物Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在80%以上,其中与小麦、大麦的同源性达到94%;与氨基酸序列的同源性均在90%以上.     

Genomic organization and nucleotide sequences of two corn histone H4 genes

The sea urchin histone H4 gene has been used as a probe to clone two corn histone H4 genes from a lambda gtWES X lambda B corn genomic library. The nucleotide (nt) sequences of both genes showed that the encoded amino acid sequences were identical to that of the H4 of pea and one variant of wheat. The nt sequences of the coding regions showed 92% homology. 5'- and 3'-flanking regions do not show extensive nt sequence analogies. Southern blotting of the EcoRI digested genomic DNA suggests the existence of multiple H4 genes dispersed throughout the genome.     

Structural organization and complete sequence of the human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase gene: homology with the alpha-galactosidase A gene provides evidence for evolution from a common ancestral gene.

Human alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-GalNAc; EC 3.2.1.49), the lysosomal glycohydrolase that cleaves alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl moieties in glycoconjugates, is encoded by a gene localized to chromosome 22q13----qter. The deficient activity of this enzyme results in Schindler disease, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the increased urinary excretion of glycopeptides and oligosaccharides containing alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl moieties. Recently, the 3.6-kb full-length alpha-GalNAc cDNA sequence was isolated and found to have remarkable nucleotide and predicted amino acid homology (55.8 and 46.9%, respectively) with the human alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) cDNA. To investigate the possible evolutionary relatedness of the two glycosidases, the alpha-GalNAc chromosomal gene was isolated and characterized. Screening of a human genomic DNA cosmid library resulted in the identification of a clone, gAGB-1, with an approximately 35-kb insert that contained the entire alpha-GalNAc gene. A single approximately 15-kb EcoRI fragment of gAGB-1, which contained the complete 3.6-kb cDNA sequence, was digested and the subcloned fragments were sequenced in both orientations. The 13,709-bp alpha-GalNAc gene had nine exons ranging from 95 to 2028 bp and intronic sequences of 304 to 2684 bp. All exon/intron junctions conformed to the GT/AG consensus rule. Analysis of 1.4 kb of 5' flanking sequence revealed three Sp1 and two CAAT-like promoter elements. This region was GC-rich (56%), but no HTF island was identified. The gene contained six Alu-repetitive elements, all in the reverse orientation. Comparison of the structural organization of the alpha-GalNAc and the alpha-Gal A genes revealed that all six alpha-Gal A introns were identically positioned in the homologous alpha-GalNAc exonic sequence. Two additional introns, 1 and 8, were identfied in the alpha-GalNAc gene. The predicted amino acid sequences of alpha-GalNAc exons 2 through 7 and those of corresponding alpha-Gal A exons 1 through 6 were 46.2 to 62.7% identical. In contrast, there was little, if any, similarity between the deduced amino acid sequences of alpha-Gal A exon 7 and alpha-GalNAc exons 8 and 9. The remarkable amino acid identity and the identical exonic interruption by six introns of the alpha-GalNAc and alpha-Gal A genes suggest that this region in both genes is evolutionarily related and arose through duplication and divergence from a common ancestral gene.     

Isolation and characterization of the mouse CD8 beta-chain (Ly-3) genes. Absence of an intervening sequence between V- and J-like gene segments

We have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of the genes encoding Ly-3.1 and Ly-3.2. These genes span approximately 14 kb on chromosome 6 and consist of six exons and five introns. The exons correlate roughly with the putative functional domains, namely, a leader exon, a variable and joining region-like exon, a hinge region-like exon, a transmembrane exon, and two intracytoplasmic exons. There is no intervening sequence between V- and J-like gene segments, indicating that rearrangement is not necessary for the expression of the Ly-3 gene. In the 5'-flanking region there is no "TATA" box nor "CAAT" box; however, three "GC" boxes are located upstream of the ATG initiator codon. There are short stretches of sequence homologous to 5'-flanking sequences of the Ly-2 gene. In addition, the sequences CTCTGTGGCA at -748 exhibits homology to the enhancer core sequence of the human Ig H chain and TCR genes. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the extracellular portion between Ly-3.1 and Ly-3.2 revealed a single base difference which results in an amino acid substitution. Therefore it is likely that this amino acid difference is responsible for the previously defined Ly-3 allotypes.     

牦牛与其他物种ZFX/ZFY基因片段间的进化关系

利用PCR扩增、克隆和序列分析法对牦牛ZFX/ZFY基因第11外显子部分片段进行了研究,并同来自于NCBI GenBank中人、猩猩、普通牛等9个物种的ZFX/ZFY基因核苷酸及其氨基酸序列进行了进化分析.结果表明,牦牛ZFX、ZFY基因间核苷酸序列同源性为94.1%,显示同一物种同源基因ZFX/ZFY间存在变异;比较的10个物种间ZFX基因核苷酸序列同源性为87.7%、ZFY基因为81.7%,相应ZFX、ZFY氨基酸同源性分别为96.6%、91.0%,ZFY基因的变异性大于ZFX基因,显示X染色体与Y染色体可能是独立进化.     

Homologs of the Genes for Receptor-Like Kinase Proteins Conferring Plant Resistance to Pathogens. Comparative Analysis of the Homologs of the Wheat Gene Cre3in the Triticeae

Direct genomic DNA amplification with the primers recognizing the NBS–kinase sequence of the wheat gene Cre3(Genbank accession AF052641) was used to obtain partial homologs of this gene in perennial and annual rye, wheat, and tall wheatgrass. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned fragments and their deduced amino acid sequences were compared to the already-known Cre3homologs in other wheat, aegilops, and barley genotypes. Within the tribe Triticeae, the extent of homology ranged from 86 to 94% for nucleotide sequences and from 74 to 96% for the deduced amino acid sequences, with the most variable region between Kin3 and PR3 conserved motifs.     

Partial nucleotide sequence of a novel bovine major histocompatibility complex class II β-chain gene, BoLA-DIB

A bovine genomic clone that hybridized to HLA-DQ beta cDNA was isolated and fragments containing the beta 1, beta 2 and transmembrane (TM) exons subcloned. The nucleotide sequences of the exons and flanking intron regions were determined. Comparisons of these exon nucleotide sequences and derived amino acid sequences to human class II beta-chain sequences showed that this gene is only 77% identical to HLA-DQ beta and about 75% identical to bovine DQ beta-like genes. The exon sequences were more divergent from other class II beta-chain genes. However, structural features such as conserved cysteines and regions of amino acids strongly suggest this to be a class II beta-chain gene. When exon-containing fragments were used as hybridization probes on Southern blots of bovine genomic DNA digested with Eco RI or Pvu II, each exon hybridized to a single band. Based on these results we have referred to this gene as a novel bovine class II beta-chain gene, BoLA-DIB.     

The chicken vimentin gene. Nucleotide sequence, regulatory elements, and comparison to the hamster gene

Here we report the nucleotide sequence of the chicken vimentin gene and its deduced primary amino acid sequence. A comparison of this gene to other intermediate filament protein genes demonstrates that both exon size and position are strongly conserved features of this multigene family. In addition, the hamster and chicken vimentin genes exhibit strong identity at the level of nucleotide (74%) and amino acid (80%) sequence. Interestingly, 40% of total sequence diversity is localized to the N terminus or "head" region of these genes whereas other protein domains (rod and C terminus) are remarkably identical in both nucleotide (81%) and amino acid (89%) sequence. Even stronger amino acid identity (100%) is exhibited in certain subdomains which may define regions crucial for filament formation and function. Not surprisingly, vimentin is more homologous across animal species than it is to other intermediate filament protein members (e.g. desmin) within the same species. A comparison of 5'-flanking sequences of the hamster and chicken genes as well as other characterized promoter elements (SV40, HSV-TK) reveals homologous sequence elements which may define common and/or unique sites involved in the modulation of gene expression. The implications of these sequence elements for both tissue-specific and developmental expression of the vimentin gene are discussed.