β-catenin在食管鳞癌中的异常表达及临床意义

目的探讨β-catenin基因在食管鳞状细胞癌(Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)中的表达及其意义。方法免疫组化法检测65例ESCC及20例因ESCC手术切除的远切端正常食管黏膜组织中β-catenin的表达及定位,分析其与临床病理学参数的关系;RT-PCR检测31例新鲜ESCC及相应的远切断正常食管黏膜组织中β-catenin mRNA的表达。结果免疫组化结果显示:在20例因ESCC手术切除的远切端正常食管黏膜组织中,β-catenin主要位于胞膜;在65例ESCC组织中,β-catenin的胞质积累阳性率为63.1%,胞核积累阳性率为30.8%;β-catenin的胞质/核积累与淋巴结转移相关(P=0.005),但与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤的分化程度及浸润深度等无关。RT-PCR结果显示:在31例ESCC及相应的远切端正常食管黏膜组织中,均检测到β-catenin mRNA的表达,与相应的远切端正常食管黏膜组织比较,癌组织中β-catenin基因mRNA的表达水平明显升高(P=0.037),其中表达升高的21例,占67.7%,表达无明显差异的8例,占25.8%,表达降低的2例,占6.5%。结论在ESCC中存在β-catenin mRNA表达水平的升高以及β-catenin蛋白的异常胞质/胞核积累,并与淋巴结转移有关。     

On the significance of Tim-3 expression in pancreatic cancer

ObjectiveWe aim to explore the connection between Tim-3 expression in both cancerous pancreatic and pericarcinous tissues and the clinicopathological features of pancreatic cancer. We will also preliminarily assess the role and significance of Tim-3 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.MethodsCancerous pancreatic and pericarcinous tissues from 50 patients with pancreatic cancer and six healthy pancreatic tissues were collected from the pathological specimens of traumatic patients to distinguish Tim-3 expression using immunohistochemistry. Tim-3 expression was observed to be correlated with cell invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of pancreatic cancer.Results1. For the immunohistochemical method, Tim-3 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was observed to be elevated and statistically significant (P < .01) compared to pericarcinous and normal pancreatic tissues. No statistically significant difference (P > .05) was observed between Tim-3 expression in pericarcinous and normal pancreatic tissues. 2. While Tim-3 expression was observed to be closely related to the history of smoking, fasting blood glucose, tumor size, TNM stage, it was not observed to be related to gender, age, tumor location, pathological type, and degree of tumor differentiation.Conclusion1. Tim-3 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was high. 2. The high Tim-3 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues may be closely related to cell invasion, metastasis, and the recurrence of pancreatic cancer.     

Reduced expression of the membrane skeleton protein beta1-spectrin (SPTBN1) is associated with worsened prognosis in pancreatic cancer

Spectrins are members of the superfamily of F-actin cross linking proteins that are important as scaffolding proteins for protein sorting, cell adhesion, and migration. In addition, spectrins have been implicated in TGF-beta signaling. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression and localization of beta1-spectrin (SPTBN1) in pancreatic tissues. mRNA levels of SPTBN1 in cultured pancreatic cancer cell lines, as well as in normal pancreatic tissues (n=18), chronic pancreatitis (n=48) and pancreatic cancer tissues (n=66) were analyzed by real time quantitative RT-PCR. Localization of SPTBN1 in pancreatic tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. SPTBN1 staining was assessed semi-quantitatively in 55 cancer tissues and survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method. Median SPTBN1 mRNA levels were 6.0-fold higher in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to the normal pancreas (p<0.0001) and 2.2-fold higher compared to chronic pancreatitis tissues (p=0.0002). In the normal pancreas, SPTBN1 was present in the cytoplasm of normal ductal cells and occasionally in pancreatic acinar and centroacinar cells. In pancreatic cancer tissues, SPTBN1 was present in the cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cells. Low SPTBN1 protein expression indicated a tendency for worsened prognosis with a median survival of 14.0 months, versus 23.8 months for patients whose tumors expressed moderate/high levels of SPTBN1. In conclusion, reduced SPTBN1 expression correlated with shorter survival of pancreatic cancer patients, suggesting a tumor suppressor function of this gene, as has already been shown for other malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.     

Expression analysis of PMP22/Gas3 in premalignant and malignant pancreatic lesions.

PMP22 is a structural protein of Schwann cells, but it also influences cell proliferation. In the present study, quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine PMP22 mRNA levels and to localize PMP22 in the normal pancreas (n=20), chronic pancreatitis (CP) (n=22), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (n=31), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (n=9), mucinous cystic tumors (MCN) (n=4), and in a panel of PanIN lesions (n=29). PMP22 mRNA levels were significantly higher in CP (3-fold) and PDAC (2.5-fold), compared to normal pancreatic tissues. PMP22 expression was restricted to nerves in the normal pancreas, while in CP and PDAC PMP22 was also expressed in PanIN lesions and in a small percentage of pancreatic cancer cells. PMP22 was weak to absent in the tumor cells of IPMNs and MCNs. PMP22 mRNA was present at different levels in cultured pancreatic cancer cells and up-regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in 2 of 8 of these cell lines. In conclusion, PMP22 expression is present in both CP and PDAC tissues. Its expression in PanIN lesions and some pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo suggests a role of PMP22 in the neoplastic transformation process from the normal pancreas to pre-malignant lesions to pancreatic cancer.     

TGF-α、TGF-β1在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究TGF-α、TGF-β1与胰腺癌临床病理的关系.方法:免疫组织化学SABC法检测41例胰腺癌组织和12例正常胰腺组织中TGF-α、TGF-β1的表达情况,并分析其与病人的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、病理分级和分期(UICC)等指标的相关性.结果:在41例胰腺癌组织中TGF-αTGF-β1的阳性表达率分别为73.2%、63.4%,在12例正常胰腺组织中的阳性表达率分别为16.7%、25.0%,两组之间存在显著差异(P=0.001).在胰腺癌组织中,TGF-β1的表达在不同分期中存在显著差异(P=0.019);TGF-α的表达与胰腺癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、大小、分期及组织学分级无相关性(P>0.05).结论:TGF-α、TGF-β1在胰腺癌中高表达.TGF-β1与胰腺癌病理分期有关.     

Nucleostemin基因在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨Nucleostemin(NS,核干细胞因子)基因在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达及临床意义。方法利用RT-PCR法检测13对NSCLC组织和癌旁正常组织中NS mRNA的表达;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测73例NSCLC组织和13例癌旁正常组织中NS蛋白的表达,并分析与NSCLC患者临床病理特征的关系。结果 NSCLC组织中NS mRNA相对表达强度(0.848±0.305)显著高于癌旁正常组织(0.153±0.020)(t=8.712,P0.01)。NS蛋白在NSCLC中的表达率为58.9%(43/73)显著高于癌旁正常组织中的表达率0%(0/13)(χ2=15.315,P0.01)。NS蛋白的表达率与NSCLC的组织类型及分化程度相关,腺癌组织的表达率为76.5%(26/34)明显高于鳞癌组织的表达率43.6%(17/39)(χ2=8.113,P0.01);低分化组织的表达率81.5%(22/27)明显高于高、中分化组织的表达率45.7%(21/46)(χ2=9.023,P0.01),而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期及淋巴结转移无关(P0.05)。结论 NS基因mRNA及蛋白在NSCLC组织中高表达,对肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖起了重要作用,是一个新的有应用价值的肿瘤分子标志物。     

FOXP3 在食管癌中表达规律研究

目的:研究FOXP3在食管癌中表达规律。方法:选择2010年1月~2010年10月在我院接受手术治疗的食管鳞癌患者48例,选取所有患者肿瘤组织及正常食管黏膜组织进行免疫组化分析,观察FOXP3在食管癌细胞系Eca-109、正常食管黏膜细胞系Eca-109、人食管癌组织、正常食管黏膜组织的表达,FOXP3在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移上的表达。结果:FOXP3在食管癌组织中阳性表达率(85.42%)显著高于正常食管黏膜组织(14.58%),P0.05。FOXP3在正常细胞系表达为阴性,在食管癌细胞系Eca-109中的表达阳性,FOXP3在正常食管黏膜组织中表达阴性,在食管癌组织中表达阳性。在食管癌组织中,FOXP3阳性表达率和食管癌患者的性别、年龄等不同临床病理特征均无关联(P0.05),和T分期、TNM分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、远处转移等存在关联(P0.05)。结论:食管癌细胞能够表达FOXP3,且其表达水平和食管癌的进展关系密切,可以作为临床诊断及治疗食管癌的重要参考指标。     

Estrogen receptor beta splice variant mRNAs are differentially altered during breast carcinogenesis

We previously identified 10 exon deletion ERbeta variant mRNAs in various human tissues [FEBS Lett. 516 (2002) 133]. In the current study, we have investigated the expression of these variant mRNAs in normal breast tissues and their alterations in cancer tissues. A total of 43 cancer tissues in comparison with their matched normal tissues were analyzed by RT PCR using the newly developed 'Splice Targeted Primer Approach'. The data presented here show that normal breast tissues express 9 of the 10 identified variant mRNAs. Of the nine variants, the mRNAs with exons 5-6 deletions were significantly decreased ( approximately 80%) in a large majority of cancer tissues (two-sided paired t-test, n=43 patients, P<0.00001). The expression of ERbeta exon 5Delta, that could potentially have transactivating property in the absence of hormone, was changed differently among different grade tumors (analysis of variance F-test, n=43 patients, P=0.0452; Kruskal-Wallis test, n=43 patients, P=0.0356). When change in expression of ERbeta exon 5Delta mRNA levels was used as a categorical variable, a significant association was found between the change status (increase, no change, decrease) of this variant and grade of the tumor (Fischer's exact test, n=43 patients, P=0.0129). In particular, it was significantly increased in grade III tumors and decreased in grade II tumors. This variant was also changed differently in pre- and post-menopausal women. Its expression levels were increased in the tumors of post-menopausal women (mean change=3.6685), while they were decreased in pre-menopausal women (mean change=-24.3662). Thus a significant association was observed between the expression of this variant and menopausal status (a two-sided paired t-test, n=43 patients, P=0.03). Other variants were either expressed at very low frequency or not significantly altered.     

Smad2 与TGF-β1 基因在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:通过检测Smad2与TGF-β1基因在胰腺癌中的表达,初步探讨它们与胰腺癌临床病理的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学pv-9000法检测50例胰腺癌组织和10例正常胰腺组织中Smad2与TGF-β1的表达情况,并分析其与胰腺癌临床病理的相关性。结果:Smad2与TGF-β1在胰腺癌组织中的表达水平显著高于正常胰腺组织,两组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在胰腺癌组织中,Smad2与TGF-β1的表达在胰腺癌不同分期中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Smad2与TGF-β1在胰腺癌中高表达,二者联合可作为反映胰腺癌临床分期的生物学指标。     

测定胰腺癌组织微血管密度及淋巴管密度的临床意义

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中微血管密度(Microvessel density,MVD)和淋巴管密度(Lymphatic vessel density,LVD)的变化、与胰腺癌临床病理的联系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SABC法应用CD34及D2-40分别检测41例胰腺导管腺癌患者配对癌组织内、癌旁及正常胰腺组织中MVD及LVD的表达情况,分析其与肿瘤分化程度、分期和淋巴转移间的相关性;以及癌组织MVD与癌旁组织LVD表达之间的关系。结果:在41例胰腺癌组织配对癌组织及正常胰腺组织平均MVD值分别为46.585±16.935,11.100±4.036,两组之间差别有统计学意义(P=0.000<0.01)。配对癌组织内、癌旁及正常胰腺组织中平均LVD值分别为11.244±4.800,15.829±7.470和13.512±5.139;其中癌旁组织与正常胰腺组织LVD值差别无统计学意义(P=0.060>0.05),癌旁组织与胰腺癌组织的LVD值有显著性差异(P=0.000<0.01)。癌组织内MVD值与癌旁组织LVD值之间有相关性(P=0.025<0.05)。结论:胰腺导管腺癌组织中MVD及LVD与肿瘤分化程度、病理分期及淋巴转移存在关联。胰腺癌组织内MVD值与癌旁组织LVD之间存在相关性。     

NF-κB、IκB、IKK在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的检测非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα(IκBα磷酸化)、p-IKKβ(IKKβ磷酸化)的表达情况及其与NSCLC临床特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化Elivision法检测NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-KKβ在56例NSCLC中表达情况,以20例癌旁组织作为对照。结果在NSCLC中NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达阳性率分别为83.9%(47/56)、55.7%(31/56)、69.6%(39/56),癌旁组织三者分别为20%(4/20)、25%(5/20)、30%(6/20),NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ的表达与吸烟史、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NF-κB P65、p-IκBα、p-IKKβ高表达与NSCLC的发生、发展起着重要作用。     

Survivin和MMP14在胰腺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中Survivin和MMP14的表达及其临床病理意义,为筛选胰腺癌分子诊断新靶标提供理论依据。方法:采用免疫组织化学技术(S-P)法检测44例胰腺癌、13例胰腺炎及21例正常胰腺组织中Survivin和MMP14表达情况,并分析其与胰腺癌临床病理参数的相关性。结果:胰腺癌组织中Survivin和MMP14蛋白均呈明显高表达,其表达与胰腺癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、临床分期、分级及有无淋巴结转移均显著相关性(P0.05)。胰腺炎与正常胰腺组织中Survivin和MMP14蛋白表达的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但均显著低于胰腺癌组织(P=0.000/P=0.001)。结论:Survivin和MMP14蛋白在胰腺癌组织中均呈异常高表达,但与胰腺癌的临床病理特点均无关,可能成为新的胰腺癌诊断标志物。     

Pancreatic tumor cells influence the composition of the extracellular matrix

The malignant behavior of cancers depends on the microenvironmental context. We investigated compositional alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in pancreatic cancer, with special emphasis on the proteoglycans decorin, lumican, and versican. Compared with normal controls (n=18), marked overexpression of these proteoglycans was observed in pancreatic cancer tissues (n=30) by quantitative RT-PCR (p<0.0001). Immunohistochemistry revealed abundance of proteoglycans in the ECM of pancreatic cancer specimens, whereas tumor cells themselves were devoid of either decorin, lumican or versican. RT-PCR confirmed pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as the major source of these proteins. Interestingly, TGFbeta1 and conditioned medium derived from pancreatic cancer cell lines synergistically suppressed the expression of known anti-tumor factors decorin and lumican, but stimulated the expression of pro-metastatic factor versican in cultured PSCs. These findings indicate that malignant cells can actively influence the composition of the ECM through TGFbeta1 and other soluble factors, altering their microenvironment in a tumor-favorable way.     

Ran 在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:利用免疫组织化学的方法探讨小G蛋白Ran在胃癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:利用免疫组织化学染色法研究74例胃癌组织标本(其中高分化25例,中分化24例,低分化25例)及其毗邻正常组织中Ran的表达情况,并分析该蛋白表达水平与临床病理参数之间的关联。结果:(1)Ran在胃癌组织中的染色强度明显高于正常组织。(2)在癌组织中Ran表达于胞核和胞浆,其中又以胞核为主,在正常组织中Ran主要表达于胞浆。(3)Ran的表达与患者年龄、性别无相关性(0.464、0.912),与肿瘤分化、TNM分期和转移与否有显著相关性(0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。结论:与正常组织相比,Ran在胃癌组织中的表达显著增高,并且与肿瘤分化和病理分期存在显著正相关,其可能作为胃癌新的分子标志物,在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

人白细胞抗原G在结直肠癌中的表达及意义

目的：在蛋白水平检测人白细胞抗原G（HLA-G）在结直肠癌组织中的表达,探讨HLA-G分子在结直肠癌不同分级和不同分期中的表达差异及在肿瘤逃逸中作用。方法：用免疫组织化学法检测结直肠癌和癌旁正常结直肠组织HLA-G的表达情况,用SPSS13.0软件、Kruskal-Wallis test进行分析。结果：HLA-G分子在结直肠癌组织中的表达率为42.3%（41/97）,在癌旁正常结直肠组织的表达率为0（0/20）;HLA-G分子表达与结直肠癌临床TNM分期（P〈0.05）和组织学分级（P〈0.01）相关。结论：HLA-G分子在结直肠癌组织中表达上调,且与结直肠癌的侵袭性生长密切相关;HLA-G分子可能下调宿主对肿瘤细胞的免疫应答反应,使肿瘤细胞逃避机体的免疫监视。     

Cx43 与Smo 基因在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究细胞间隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)与信号通路基因Smoothened(Smo)在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:选择从2013年1月~2015年12月在医院接受手术治疗的胰腺癌患者53例切除组织及与癌组织相配对的3cm外癌旁组织,对比不同胰腺组织中Cx43与Smo阳性表达率,及Cx43 m RNA与Smo m RNA表达水平,分析胰腺癌组织中Cx43和Smo表达与胰腺癌的病理特征之间的关系及两者的相关性。结果:胰腺癌组织中Cx43的阳性表达率及Cx43 m RNA表达水平明显低于在癌旁组织,而Smo的阳性表达率及Smo m RNA表达水平明显高于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。胰腺癌患者组织学分级为Ⅲ级、有淋巴结转移者的Cx43 m RNA表达水平分别明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、无淋巴结转移者,Smo m RNA表达水平则明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、无淋巴结转移者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果发现,胰腺癌组织中Cx43 m RNA和Smo m RNA表达呈负相关关系(r=-0.846,P=0.000)。结论:Cx43 m RNA在胰腺癌中的表达下降,而Smo m RNA则表达上调,临床监测Cx43及Smo基因的表达情况,有助于评价患者的病情与预后。     

Aberrant expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa and IVb (GnT-IVa and b) in pancreatic cancer

The goal of this study was to identify glycosyltransferases that are specifically expressed in pancreatic cancer. To investigate the gene expression of glycosyltransferases between pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissues, we performed DNA-microarray (involving about 1000 oligosaccharide-related genes) using RNA mixtures of pancreatic cancer cells and normal pancreatic tissues. Eighty-six genes were up-regulated and thirty-two were down-regulated in pancreatic cancer, compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Among these changes, it is noteworthy that the expression of GnT-IVa was decreased and the expression of GnT-IVb was increased in pancreatic cancer, compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Although GnT-IVa and -IVb are involved in the same reaction as a glycosyltransferase, their chromosomal localization is different. When 5 cases of pancreatic cancer tissues were examined using the real-time RT-PCR method, the expression of GnT-IVb was dominant in tumor tissues and the expression of GnT-IVa was dominant in the surrounding normal tissues. The expression of GnT-IVa was increased in all 3 cell lines that had been treated with 5-aza-C and butyrate. These results suggest that the down-regulation of GnT-IVa in pancreatic cancer cells is due to an epigenetic abnormality in the gene.     

骨桥蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究骨桥蛋白OPN在胰腺癌中的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法分别检测50例胰腺癌手术切除标本和20例癌旁正常胰腺组织中OPNmRNA及其蛋白水平的表达。结果:胰腺癌组织中OPNmRNA高表达率为90%(45/50)明显高于其在癌旁正常胰腺组织中的表达15%(3/20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);OPN蛋白的阳性率为86.0%(43/50),明显高于癌旁正常胰腺组织中的表达30%(6/20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);OPN在胰腺癌组织中表达与其淋巴结转移明显相关(P<0.05)。结论:OPN在胰腺癌中的过表达对胰腺癌的生长、浸润及转移起重要作用。