稀有■鲫亚慢性毒性试验

研究了一种快速评价有毒化学品对稀有鲫慢性毒性的试验方法。选择＜3d龄的稀有峋鲫幼鱼开始暴露,试验药物为国际标准参比毒物CU( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP;试验温度为25±1℃,每天更换试验液一次,试验持续5d。以现存量为测试指标,Cu( 2),Cr( 6),Zn( 2)和PCP对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度[NOEC]为20,2500,100,40ug／L;最低可观察效应浓度[LOEC]为40,5000,200,80ug／L,与7d亚慢性毒性试验结果相接近。试验结果表明,稀有鲫亚慢性毒性试验可从7d缩短为5d。     

小花棘豆毒蛋白对棉蚜和棉铃虫的毒性试验

通过室内饲喂试验表明,小花棘豆毒蛋白(OXY)对棉蚜有显著的抑制作用.用含50μg/ml和25μg/ml小花棘豆毒蛋白的25%蔗糖液饲喂4龄棉蚜,3天后棉蚜校正死亡率分别为63.81%和45.27%,与含0.25μg/ml和对照相比差异极显著;用含2.4μg/头小花棘豆毒蛋白饲喂4龄棉铃虫幼虫无致死作用,但平均拒食率为40.8%,生长量明显下降.     

藻类的接触致毒——恢复培养及其对化学物质的安全评价

应用接触致毒-恢复培养法,试验共有五个浓度组,即0.10,0.13,0.18,0.24和0.316mg/LCu~(2 ),和对照组。以比增长率作指标,实验结果经回归分析:确定Cu~(2 )对月牙藻逐步加深的三种致毒效应,半数效应浓度、完全抑藻浓度和完全杀藻浓度分别为0.204、0.297和0.316mg/LCu~(2 )。由恢复培养可知在杀藻效应浓度以上,藻类细胞受到不可逆转损害。恢复培养试验结果能客观地反映了毒物对藻类的毒理效应。     

新的生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及应用技术研究

本文通过生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及田间应用研究表明,它对棉朱砂叶螨和菜青虫两种害虫杀伤力最强,其中LC90分别为0．078ppm和0．013ppm。兼有胃毒、触杀作用,残效期较长,分别达13天和9天。田间小区试验认为防治菜青虫和茄朱砂叶螨以2ppm浓度为宜。防治适期为卵孵化初期或低龄幼(若)虫（螨)期,其防效能达90%以上。该药特点用药量低、效果好、无公害、值得推广。     

POWER AND SENSITIVITY OF THE SAME-DIFFERENT TEST: COMPARISON WITH TRIANGLE AND DUO-TRIO METHODS

Same-different, duo-trio and triangle discrimination methods were compared using vanilla flavored yogurt with and without added sugar as the medium. Two experiments were performed, one in controlled laboratory conditions and the other in conditions approximating more to consumer testing. A modification of the same-different test had greater power than the duo-trio of triangle tests. At higher sugar concentrations, d'values for the three methods were equivalent. Yet, at lower sugar concentrations, the same-different d'tended to be higher. The results are discussed in terms of Sequential Sensitivity Analysis, memory effects and changes between β and criteria.     

光合率作为藻类毒理测试指标

以氧电极法的光合率作为藻类毒性测试指标。整个测试过程准确,简便,快速。能够随时测定受试毒物对藻类光合作用的效应,与常规毒性试验比较,测定时间由96h缩短到2h。灵敏度约提高了一倍,Cu~(2 )对光合作用的半数效应浓度(EC_(50))是0.105mg/L,比Cu~(2 )对藻的急性毒性试验的EC_(50)(0.204mg/L)少了一倍。     

中药903口服液长期毒性实验研究

中药９０３口服液经药效学研究,表明该制剂具有良好的扶植正常菌群,调整微生态平衡,提高机体免疫能力的作用。对中药９０３口服液进行长期毒性实验研究结果证实,三种不同剂量组大白鼠给药前后的体重,血常规,主要脏器重量,肝、肾功能均无显著性差异。对４０例大鼠１１种脏器病理检查均未见药物损伤性病变。     

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN TOXICITY,RESISTANCE, AND TIME OF SURVIVAL,AND ON RELATED PHENOMENA

1. A relation between toxicity, resistance, and time of survival has been derived on the basis of the assumption that the time is a function of a parameter which is the difference between the toxicity and the resistance. Toxicity and resistance act like forces which can maintain an equilibrium-like (or stationary) state. If the equilibrium is upset, the time at which the event (death) occurs is proportional to the logarithm of the difference between toxicity and resistance. 2. It was found that if values proportional to the resistance are calculated with the proposed equation and the percentage mortality plotted against them (instead of against the time as is usual) symmetrical curves are obtained even though the corresponding mortality-time curves are asymmetrical. Assuming that the resistance varies like an error, that is, according to probability rules, theoretical mortality-time curves, similar to the experimental curves, can be constructed from the proposed equations. 3. In the case of a toxic agent acting on a unicellular organism suspended in solution, the toxicity is proportional to the adsorbed amount of the agent, as calculated with the aid of the Langmuir equation. In small concentration ranges the toxicity can be taken as approximately proportional to the concentration. 4. The variation of the temperature affects mainly the constant a which is a function of the temperature similar to that of the velocity constant of a chemical reaction (Arrhenius'' law). 5. The proposed equation has been tested in four different combinations of the variables, concentration, resistance, time, and temperature. The agreement with the experiments is satisfactory. 6. Any noxious agent acting on a unicellular organism may be characterized by three constants: r, the resistance, which is the threshold value at which the agent is still fatally toxic for the organism; a, the reciprocal of the rate constant determining the specific rate (that is, the time corresponding to a difference of 1 between the toxicity and the resistance); and finally the constant γ of the function representing the relation between toxicity and concentration.     

复合益生菌制剂"海生元"急性毒性试验研究

目的 :观察复合益生菌制剂“海生元”(HSY)及其核心成分 益生菌 (M9、T9)经两种途径给药的急性毒性反应 ,评价其安全性。方法 :以健康小鼠为对象 ,将HSY、M9、T9三种受试物按i.p(腹腔注射 )和p .o(口服灌胃 )两种给药方式进行急毒试验。每种给药方法分 5个剂量组。i.p小鼠用Bliss法测得受试物的LD50 和 95 %可信限 ,p .o小鼠用安全限度试验测得受试物的最大耐受量。 结果 :1)i.p法测得各受试物LD50 和 95 %可信限 :M9为 898.31mg/ml(770 .18～ 92 5 .79) ;T9为 185 6 .95mg/ml(15 2 1.4 8～ 2 0 10 .36 ) ;HSY为 76 0 5 .2 3mg/ml(6 980 .5 2～ 830 4 .11)。 2 )p .o法测得各受试物最大耐受量及耐受倍数 :健康小鼠最大耐受量分别为M9>4 0 0 0mg/ml,T9>6 0 0 0mg/ml,HSY >15 0 0 0mg/ml;最大耐受量倍数 (即耐受成人每日用量的倍数 )分别为 133倍、2 0 0倍和 5 0 0倍。结论 :HSY、M9、T9口服给药均非常安全。三种受试物比较 ,又以HSY安全程度最高。     

鲤亚急性喹乙醇中毒的血液生化指标研究

在饲料中分别以 10 0 0mg/kg、2 0 0 0mg/kg、30 0 0mg/kg的喹乙醇剂量对鲤进行了亚急性毒性试验 ,并对中毒鱼进行了血液生化指标的研究 ,经 6周的试验 ,各组的发病率分别为 35 %、70 %、92 .5 % ;死亡率为 2 7.5 %、5 7.5 %、82 5 %。中毒鱼表现为特征性的“应激性出血综合症” ,且Hb含量与RBC数量减少 ,表现为贫血 ;红细胞SOD酶活性降低 ;血清AST、ALT活性升高 ,血清K+ 浓度升高 ,Na+ 浓度降低 ,表现为高血钾和低血钠症。试验组血液生化指标的变化与对照组间存在着显著 (P <0 .0 5 )或极显著的差异 (P <0 .0 1)。     

复合益生菌制剂"海生元"长期毒性试验研究

目的：观察及评价复合益生菌制剂“海生元”(HSP)的长期用药安全性。方法：以正常健康Wistar大鼠为受试对象,HSY及其核心成分M9、T9菌株为受试物,改良TPY和生理盐水(NS)为对照物,用M9、T9、HSY三种受试物的最大耐受剂量(分别为成人每日用量的125倍、200倍、500倍)口服给药4个月,给药前后及恢复期满(3周后)分别测定受试大鼠的体重、血液学及血生化指标、脏器系数并做病理学检查。结果：长期口服M9、T9及HSY,大鼠的外观、活动、食欲、大便、毛发等无明显异常变化。在给药的4个月内,除极少数指标外,三种受试物对大鼠的体重增长、外周血象、血液生化学指标、脏器系数及各组织器官的病理形态均未见有显著影响,与对照组基本一致。结论：HSY及其核心成分M9和T9菌株毒性极低,经口服长期应用是十分安全的。     

球孢白僵菌毒素的分离、毒力检测及结构鉴定

用吸附法从球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)1003-V的代谢产物中分离出导致昆虫患病的毒素粗提物(以下简称毒素),并对其进行了毒力检测.结果表明,该毒素对白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)幼虫有明显毒性;对棉铃虫(Heliothis zea)幼虫口服毒性较弱,血腔注射毒性较强;仅对革兰氏阳性细菌有抑菌作用.对草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)Sf-21细胞株的毒力测定结果表明,毒力回归方程为y=2.03 2.39x,半致死浓度是0.01751%,其95%可信极限为0.01517%~0.0202%.高压液相色谱和红外光谱分析表明,该毒素含有三种在结构和性质上非常相近的物质.     

五氯酚对大型溞的急性亚慢性和慢性毒性

本文采用换水式试验研究了五氨酚溞（ＰＣＰ）对大型（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）的急性、亚慢性和慢性毒性,稀释水硬度为８０─１００ｍｇ／Ｌ（以ＣａＣＯ３计）。急性和慢性试验均使用小于一日龄的幼溞,试验温度为２５─２６℃,慢性试验进行了２０ｄ。用小于一日龄幼溞进行的亚慢性试验暴露了１９ｄ,而用四日龄幼溞的亚慢性试验则进行了１６ｄ,水温均保持在１９─２０℃。ＰＣＰ对大型溞的２４ｈ和４８ｈＥＣ５０分别是４８９和２４５μｇ／Ｌ。依据第１胎所产幼溞数求得的最低可观察效应浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）和无可观察效应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）,在慢性试验中分别是１６０和８０μｇ／Ｌ,在１９ｄ亚慢性试验中分别为２００和１００μｇ／Ｌ,二者相近。试验结果表明,第１胎所产幼溞数是敏感的指标。