变性过程中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的活性通道

在酶的盐酸胍变性和热变性过程中,尝试采用电荷传递反应分析方法和电子自旋共振方法考察了酶活性部位的构象变化。酶活力与构象的变化行为表明,酶的活性部位通道先于酶分子的整体构象而发生变化,它是与酶的失活同时发生的。尽管酶活性部位中的金属离子保证了酶较高的稳定性,但酶的活性部位,特别是活性通道仍然是相对脆弱的。     

用顺磁共振及自旋标记研究活性氧对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶结构的影响

用抗坏血酸－Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）或过氧化氢为活性氧体系分别作用于牛红细胞铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ）,发现酶活性降低的同时,其活性中心中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）被还原成Ｃｕ（Ⅰ）。进一步用抗坏血酸－Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）或过氧化氢作用于马来酰亚胺标记ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,用ＥＳＲ测定的结果表明酶分子亚基的缔合受到影响。结果提示酶的失活与活性中心中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的还原及酶构象的变化有关。     

活性氧所致超氧化物歧化酶肽链断裂的观察

探究活性氧所致铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）肽链断裂的情况,将过氧化氢或抗坏血酸－Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）分另竽马来酰亚胺标记的ＳＯＤ,然后用高效液相反应相色谱（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）分析,经１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２Ｏ２处理后ＳＯＤ用ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ分离出二个肽段,用顺磁共振检测显示只有一个肽段具有马来酰亚胺信号经５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２Ｏ２处理后ＳＯＤ有四个肽段生成,其中有一个肽段具有马来酰亚胺信号,用５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸和０．     

羊红细胞超氧化物歧化酶的研究

自羊红细胞分离得到一种高等电点的铜.锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu.ZnSOD)。其沉降系数(S)为3.23,亚基分子量为16600,等电点为8.50,紫外最大吸收峰位于259nm,酶分子中含有铜和锌,氨基酸组成特点与其它动物来源的Cu.Zn-SOD相同。该酶的比活性为5500U/mg(黄嘌吟氧化酶—细胞色素还原法);对KCN的抑制作用敏感,最适pH值为6。     

利用牛血块分离提取铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的工艺研究

改进了传统提取超氧化物歧化酶的工艺 ,即直接用血块 ,加入保护剂、溶膜剂 ,采用机械破碎法破膜 ,热变性及两次乙醇 -氯仿沉淀除杂蛋白 ,然后丙酮沉淀 ,按照此工艺分离提取获得高纯度的Cu ,Zn SOD ,比活达到 6 988U/mg·pro。     

狗肝铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的纯化

本文采用加热、硫酸铵分级沉淀和柱层析的方法,从狗肝中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu·Zn-SOD),并对其理化性质进行了鉴定。结果表明酶的纯度均一。与文献报道的不同来源的同类酶相同,狗肝Cu·Zn-SOD系由两个相同亚基组成的二聚体,每分子晦蛋白合有两个铜和两个锌原子。分子量33.6kD,N-末端氨基酸为丙氨酸。     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的大规模生产工艺

本文以干扰素生产中废弃的人红细胞为原料,采用乙醇－氯份沉淀→磷酸氢二钾盐析→丙酮沉淀手续和ＤＥＡＥ—５２层析步骤,进行了人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ）大规模生产工艺的实验研究。结果表明,生产的酶制剂中含量为９０．６％,比活性在２０００ＭｃＣｏｒｄ—Ｆｒｉｄｏｖｉｃｈ单位／ｍｇ蛋白以上,无菌、无热原质、安全性等项指标符合国家卫生部对血液制品的要求。     

超氧化物歧化酶活性中心中铜离子的氧化还原研究

用电子顺磁共振EPR技术研究铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu·Zn-SOD)与底物(O_2~(·-)反应达到平衡态时铜离子的EPR波谱表明,在平衡态时的铜离子处于还原态。用还原剂H_2O_2、NaBH_4处理Cu·Zn-SOD后,酶活力变化不同,电泳行为也不同。用NaBH_4处理SOD其活性及电泳行为接近天然酶,但经H_2O_2还原后的酶活性损失严重,电泳后出现多条色带。     

Studies on the Mechanism of Interferon Action

Interferon does not inactivate viruses or viral RNA. Virus growth is inhibited in interferon-treated cells, but apart from conferring resistance to virus growth, no other effect of interferon on cells has been definitely shown to take place. Interferon binds to cells even in the cold, but a period of incubation at 37°C is required for development of antiviral activity. Cytoplasmic uptake of interferon has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Studies with antimetabolites indicate that the antiviral action of interferon requires host RNA and protein synthesis. Experiments with 2-mercapto-1(β-4-pyridethyl) benzimidazole (MPB) suggest that an additional step is required between the binding and the synthesis of macromolecules. Interferon does not affect the adsorption, penetration, or uncoating of RNA or DNA viruses, but viral RNA synthesis is inhibited in cells infected with RNA viruses. The main action of interferon appears to be the inhibition of the translation of virus genetic information probably by inhibiting the initiation of virus protein synthesis.     

强化海藻酸钠凝胶制备固定化酶

为了确定生产帕拉金糖（异麦芽酮糖）的固化酶最佳条件,在固化材料和固化方法上进行多项试验。结果表明：使用添加剂强化海藻酸钙凝胶包埋整个细胞酶,固化效果最佳,固化酶的酶活为３０～６０ｕ／ｇ,蔗糖平均转化率８５％,最高转化率９５％,实验室中固化酶连续转化半衰期长达４５ｄ。     

猪卵母细胞不同孤雌激活方法

研究了离子霉素、电场强度、电脉冲次数和电刺激-化学联合激活对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的影响,以出现分裂球为激活的标准。结果表明：（1）10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min的激活率62．97％（17／27）与处理10min、15min的激活率62．50％（15／24）、65．21％（15／23）差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）以电场强度120V／mm,脉冲次数3次处理猪卵母细胞的激活率66．67％（30／45）与60V／mm、80V／in／n、100V／mm的激活率40．98％（17／42）、44．11％（15／34）、46．19％（18／39）有显著差异（P〈0．05）,但与140V／mm、160V／mm的激活率63．89％（23／36）、64．10％（25／39）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）以电场强度120V／mm,不同电脉冲次数进行激活。以2次电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的激活率67．40％（31／46）与1次、3次电脉冲的激活率62．80％（27／43）、68．30％（28／41）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（4）以电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min联合激活猪卵母细胞的激活率84．84％（29／33）与只用电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲的激活率67．64％（23／34）差异显著（P〈0．05）。实验结果表明：电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min联合处理激活能有效提高猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的激活率。     

超声波对猪胰脂肪酶催化活性影响的机理研究

猪胰脂肪酶(porcine pancreas Lipase,PPL)反应系统经适宜参数的超声波处理,催化活性提高了11.22%～24.42%。PPL经超声波处理后,其动力学参数Km和Vmax都变小,酶分子的紫外吸收光谱不变,荧光发射光谱不变。而酶分子经超声波处理后,其紫外差示光谱出现了明显的正峰或负峰。探讨了超声波影响PPL活性的作用机理。     

Studies on the Mechanism of the Sporicidal Action of Glutaraldehyde

S ummary . Low concentrations (0.025–0.125%) of glutaraldehyde inhibited or prevented colony formation by Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and B. pumilis in agar, and inhibited germination of spores of the Bacillus spp. in L-alanine plus D-glucose. Higher concentrations (2%) of glutaraldehyde at pH 8.5 were sporicidal. Pre-treatment of spores with glutaraldehyde lessened release of dipicolinic acid when the spores were subsequently heated at 100°, but not at 121°. Spores treated with glutaraldehyde and then with 0.5 M thioglycollic acid in 6 M urea at 70° were less sensitive to lysis by hydrogen peroxide than spores which had not been exposed to glutaraldehyde. Glutaraldehyde was less effective in preventing peroxide induced lysis if added to spores which had been previously exposed to thioglycollic acid plus urea at 70°. The mechanism of the sporicidal activity of glutaraldehyde is discussed in relation to these findings.     

蛇毒检测技术研究进展

介绍了放射免疫测定法,凝集测定法,免疫电泳检测,荧光免疫测定法,酶联免疫吸附测定法和生物传感器检测方法在蛇毒检测中的应用,并比较了各种方法的优点和不足。     

Computer Modelling Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ribonuclease T1

Abstract

The mechanism of action of ribonuclease (RNase) T₁ is still a matter of considerable debate as the results of x-ray, 2-D nmr and site-directed mutagenesis studies disagree regarding the role of the catalytically important residues. Hence computer modelling studies were carried out by energy minimisation of the complexes of RNase T₁ and some of its mutants (His40Ala, His40Lys, and Glu58Ala) with the substrate guanyl cytosine (GpC), and of native RNase T₁ with the reaction intermediate guanosine 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate (G>p). The puckering of the guanosine ribose moiety in the minimum energy conformer of the RNase T₁ - GpC (substrate) complex was found to be O4′-endo and not C3′-endo as in the RNase T₁ - 3′-guanylic acid (inhibitor/product) complex. A possible scheme for the mechanism of action of RNase T₁ has been proposed on the basis of the arrangement of the catalytically important amino acid residues His40, Glu58, Arg77, and His92 around the guanosine ribose and the phosphate moiety in the RNase T₁ - GpC and RNase T₁ - G>p complexes. In this scheme, Glu58 serves as the general base group and His92 as the general acid group in the transphosphorylation step. His40 may be essential for stabilising the negatively charged phosphate moiety in the enzyme-transition state complex.