海南异摇蚊属(双翅目 :摇蚊科)一新种及属征订正(英文)

本文记述采自海南尖峰岭自然保护区异摇蚊属一新种 ,命名为额瘤异摇蚊Xenochironomustuberosussp .nov .新种头部具额瘤 ,腹部第六节背板生有粗大的刚毛 ,肛节背板毛序及生殖节上附器与本属已知种明显有别。依据该新种 ,本文对Cranston等 (1989)所描述的本属鉴别特征予以部分订正。该属在中国系首次记录。     

四川省悬茧蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科)

悬茧蜂属Meteorus Haliday属于茧蜂科Braconidae优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae,在我国已记录11种。本文报道一新种,采自四川康定。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 蝠蛾茧蜂 Meteorus hepiali,新种(图1—3) ♀:头、前胸背板、腹部第1背板褐黑色。中、后胸背板及并胸腹节黑色。腹部第2背板红褐色,在其后部两侧有黄褐色斑;第3背板红黑色;其后各背板逐渐色浅,至腹部端部褐色。触角、单眼浅褐色。复眼褐黑色。上颚黄褐色,其端部褐色。须浅黄色。足褐色(除后足基节黑褐色),自胫节逐渐色浅,至跗节端部为黄色。翅半透明;前翅前缘脉及翅痣浅褐色,其余翅脉色更浅些。产卵管鞘黑色。 头胸部及腹部(除背板)均密被细毛。头部背面观横宽,其宽度为长度的1.5倍,与胸部等宽;复眼中等大小,长卵圆形;触角柄节较粗,鞭节亚念珠状,23节(图1);头部具稀     

湖南省节甲茧蜂属二新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科, 甲腹茧蜂亚科)

本文报道湖南省节甲茧蜂属 Sigalphus Latreille,1802两新种。节甲茧蜂属隶茧蜂科,甲腹茧蜂亚科 Chloninae(Shenefelt,1973),该属在我国为首次记录。主要特征是头横置,下颚须4节;胸部粗壮,不宽于头,中胸盾片盾纵沟深;前翅肘室3个,径脉终止在翅尖端之前,第2肘室矩形,肘脉自基脉伸出,迥脉前叉式,小脉后叉式,前翅臀叶基部具横脉,后翅径室横脉弱;腹部长于头胸之和,3节,第1、2节背板之间能活动,第3背板侧缘后方有2齿状突;产卵管短。该属已知7种,分布在新北区(美国)1种、非洲区(马达加     

新疆坐腹姬蜂属Enizemum一新种记述：（膜翅目：姬蜂科：蚜蝇姬蜂亚科）

坐腹姬蜂属Enizemun Foerster,1869,隶属于膜翅目姬蜂科蚜蝇姬蜂亚科,其主要特征为:中胸背板无盾纵沟;并胸腹节基区多少平坦;前翅通常有小翅室;腹柄节长宽几乎相等,背板有1对脊由基部伸达后缘;第2腹节背板基部有1对脊,第4腹节通常基部有折缘缝;雄虫触角中间鞭节有角下瘤。该属世界已报道约15种,中国记载2种:E.ornatum Gravenhorst,1829和E.formosense Uchida,1957。我们在整理标本时,发现该属1新种,现记述如下:     

巢蛾科一新属一新种

研究中国巢蛾属的工作中,发现巢蛾科一新属一新种,现记录如下。模式标本保存在西北农学院昆虫标本室。天则巢蛾属Choutinea Huang,新属 头顶有二簇竖立的鳞毛;触角各节无纤毛,但有排列整齐的鳞片而呈弱锯齿状;有退化的上顎。各足跗节末端的爪短小(仅略长于爪垫),且又被跗节末端的鳞片复盖住,外观似为“秃爪”。后翅S_c R_1完全愈合。腹部各节背板上的刺毛细小稠密。雄     

云南西部角叶蚤科一新属一新种

距蚤属Spuropsylla,新属 属征:中型蚤,与副角蚤属(Paraceras)接近(图1)。♂触角第一节不特别大,第二节的端鬃不特别长,不能达到棒节之半。下唇须5节,其末端至少可达到转节之半。后头鬃列较少,♂2列,♀1列。 中胸背板和腹部前几节背板在端小刺的背方有锯齿状的膜质边缘。后足胫节外侧只有1纵列鬃。♂后足第一跗节后下角有一根巨大的距形刺鬃(据此命属名);第二跗节约中部有一横切刻,并生着一横列鬃(图3)。     

小蜜蜂属Micrapis的研究(蜜蜂科Apidae)

小蜜蜂属Micrapis Ashmead隶属于蜜蜂族Apini本届包括两种,即Micrapis florea(Fabr.),Micrapis andreniformis(Sm.)过去仅有工蜂形态的记述,缺少雌、雄性标本及对比资料。现根据中国科学院动物所标本及云南蜜蜂所采自云南各地此两种小蜜蜂雌、雄性标本形态作一比较,以利鉴别。此外,本文尚将生物学习性及分布加以整理,以便利用。 一、主要鉴别特征 雌性:腹部第1—2节背板、第3节背板基半部及第3—5节背板端缘均红褐色,余黑色;颚眼距长宽相等;POL:OOL=9:5;触角第3节稍长于第4节;各跗节褐色;体长13—15毫米…………小蜜蜂Micrapis florea(Fabr.)     

菱猎蝽属一新种记述(半翅目:猎蝽科)

菱猎蝽属在我国已知有四种,本文记述云南省该属一新种。云南菱猎蝽Isyndus yunnananus,新种(图1,2) 体栗褐色,污暗,被钱色稀疏长毛及浓密平伏的黄色短毛。触角第1、2两节黑褐色一色,第3、4两节桔红色,第3节端半部色较暗。前胸背板前叶深褐色,黄色平伏的浓密短毛构成整齐的云斑纹,后叶具显著的短横皱纹。小盾片及前翅革片黄色短毛簇生,形成毛斑。膜片深褐色光亮。腹背板深红色或暗桔红色。前足腔节及股节的内侧面均具黄褐色浓密短刚毛及稀疏长毛。     

中国树蝽科新属及新种记述(半翅目:异翅亚目)

本文记述了我国树蝽科Isometopidae的一新属、四新种,其中奇树蝽属Sophianus Distant为中国首次记录的一个属。所有模式标本均存放在南开大学生物系。现将新属及新种描述如下: 桂树蝽 paraletaba Ren et Yang,新属 体阔椭圆形,背面光亮、圆鼓,具浓密刻点及短毛。头不垂直,而向后方倾斜,头的后缘高于前胸背板,将背板前缘遮盖;单眼大与眼相接;眼大,向上侧方突出;额向两侧及中部下方甚扩展,外缘具微微皱纹,刻点浅而稀疏;触角着生于眼的下方,第1节粗短,第2节最长,向端部渐略加粗,第3、4两节细,第3节显著长于第4节。喙     

丽金龟科二新种

棘丽(虫犮)属(Spinanomala)和肩丽(虫犮)属(Tichanomala)所包括的种类和分布范围都比较小,体长一般在10毫米以下。棘丽(虫犮)属已知有9种,大多数分布东洋区,我国记栽1种;属征:在第2 腹节两侧各有1—3根棘状粗毛刺,其色泽和大小,通常跟腹部的被毛不同。肩丽(虫犮)已知3种1亚种,我国记载的1种,分布于西藏南部;属征:中胸后侧片十分发达,突出在前胸背板和鞘翅基角之间,在背面可见,前胸背板周缘披短毛。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.