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研究了胆固醇和三十烷醇对浮萍开花的影响。两种化合物在不影响营养生长的情况下都能显著地促进短日植物Lemna aequinoctialis 6746 在长日照条件下的开花。胆固醇促进开花的有效浓度范围为10     

三十烷醇对庆大霉素产生菌生长代谢影响的研究

植物生长激素三十烷醇,可促进庆大霉素产生菌红色小单孢菌生长代谢。在孢子培养过程中加入２５×１０^－８;在种子培养过程中加入３０×１０^－８和在发酵过程中加入７０×１０^－８三十烷醇,可使总菌数增加５７．４％,活菌数增加２１６．８％,发芽率提高１２０．６％,生物效价提高２６．２％,是提高产量、降低成本、增加经济效益的有效途径。     

SNP抑制5-HT诱导的胞内游离钙浓度升高和内钙释放

用Ｆｕｒａ － ２／ＡＭ 荧光测量技术研究了５ － 羟色胺（５－ ＨＴ） 诱导的大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞胞内钙升高和一氧化氮（ＮＯ） 的抑制效应。实验表明, 胞外０ｍ ｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｃａ２ ＋ 时胞内静息［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ ｉ 为２０ ．２±８ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ８） 。１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ５－ ＨＴ 可诱导出胞内钙库释放引起的瞬态［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 升高,其峰值达２４５ ．７ ±７１．６ｎｍｏｌ／ Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ６） 。１０ － ７ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 硝普钠（ＳＮＰ） 可抑制５－ ＨＴ 诱导的［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 升高,其峰值浓度降为７５．１±３５ ．９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ５） 。当细胞浴液含２．５ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ２ ＋ 时,静息［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ为１１２ ．８ ±１０ ．３ｎｍｏｌ／ Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ５） , 这时１０μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ ５ － ＨＴ 可诱导［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ ｉ 的峰值为２５２ ．３ ±８０ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ４） ,以及其后平台浓度为１４３ ．０ ±３７ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ４） ,略大于［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 为１１２．８ ±１０ ．３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的静息浓度,为外钙内流引起。１０ － ７ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＮＰ 也可抑制５－ ＨＴ 诱导［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ｉ 平台相浓度。平台浓度由１４３ ±４７     

琥珀酰—CCK7对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞分泌α淀粉酶和蛋白酶的影响

琥珀酰－ＣＣＫ７为新合成的ＣＣＫ８的一种类似物,当琥珀酰－ＣＣＫ７的浓度为１×１０＾－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ－１×１０［－７］ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,能促使大鼠胰腺离体腺泡细胞分泌α淀粉酶和蛋白酶,其最有效浓度为１×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在相同摩尔条件下,琥珀酰－ＣＣＫ７的促分泌效应明显大于ＣＣＫ８,且这种效应在３小时内随着作用时间的延长而增加,这为开发高活性ＣＣＫ８的类似物提供了依据。     

Hg~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对沼泽红假单胞菌生长及净化氮、磷能力的影响

研究了在培养基中分别添加不同浓度的重金属离子时Ｈｇ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋和Ｃｕ２＋作为人工配制的污水对光合细菌沼泽红假单胞菌生长与净化ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ能力的影响。实验结果表明:当培养基中Ｈｇ２＋的浓度达到２×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,该菌生长趋势开始减慢;当增至４×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,生长完全被抑制。Ｃｕ２＋的浓度达到１×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,该菌生长趋势也开始减慢;当增至８×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时生长完全被抑制。Ｃｄ２＋的浓度达４×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,其延缓期大大延长;增至１６×１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时生长完全被抑制。培养基中Ｐｂ２+的浓度达到８×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,对该菌生长并未产生影响。当培养基中重金属离子浓度未达到完全抑制其生长时,对其净化ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ能力的影响不显著。     

P物质对GABAA和GABAB受体介导的DRG神经元膜反应的调制作用

实验在幼年大鼠ＤＲＧ标本上进行。应用细胞内记录观察了ＳＰ对ＧＡＢＡ反应的调制作用。结果证明：（１）单独滴加ＳＰ（５×１０（－６）－４×１０（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或浴槽灌流ＳＰ（１０（－６）－５×１０（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）不引起膜电位的改变或仅有轻微的去极化,但却能使ＧＡＢＡ引起的去极化反应减小５０．８±２０．２％（±ＳＤ）（２０／３０）;（２）单独滴加ＳＰ可使多数受检细胞ＡＰＤ５０延长２８．７±９．１％（±ＳＤ）（１０／１８）;（３）在预加ＳＰ后,能使ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ所引起的ＡＰＤ５０缩短效应（２０．６±２．９％,±ＳＤ）完全消除（４／１２）或翻转成ＡＰＤ（５０）延长１９．３±８．９％（±ＳＤ）（８／１２）;（４）预加ＧＡＢＡＢ受体激动剂ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ（１０（－４）－１０（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）３０—９０ｓ后明显地抑制ｍｕｓｃｉｍｏｌ（１０－４－１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起的去极化反应,其抑制效应达５４．４±１８．８％（±ＳＤ）（１７／２０）。由于ＤＲＧ神经元的胞体通常可用来作为研究初级传入终末的模型,因而本文实验结果提示：介导伤害性刺激信息的Ｐ物质在背角的释放,可能作用于初级传入终末,从而产生对抗ＧＡＢＡ介导的突触     

家蚕后部丝腺GPT的分离纯化与动力学性质

本文用丝腺匀浆抽提液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析和羟基磷灰石柱层析等步骤分离纯化了家蚕后部丝腺谷丙转氨酶（ＥＣ２．６．１．２,ＧＰＴ）,并研究了它的动力学性质。该酶由两种不同亚基组成,分子量分别是５４０００和２１０００;对丙酮酸、α－酮戊二酸、Ｌ－丙氨酸和Ｌ－谷氨酸的Ｋｍ值分别是２．５×１０－４、４．２×１０－４、９．６×１０－３和１２．５×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;最适温度５０℃,最适ｐＨ８．５;Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ２＋和Ｃａ２＋等离子对酶有激活作用,Ｎａ＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋和Ｚｎ３＋等离子对酶有抑制作用;酶的活性中心含有巯基或咪唑基。     

亚硝酸盐对培养心肌细胞周期的影响

本文用流式细胞仪测定了ＮａＮＯ２对体外培养的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ乳鼠心肌细胞周期的影响。结果表明,１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＮＯ２引起Ｓ期细胞明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０５）;１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＮＯ２对其 显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。应用「３Ｈ」ＴｄＲ掺入法测定了ＮａＮＯ２对心肌细胞增殖的作用。实验发现,１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＮＯ２明显抑制细胞增殖,而１０＾－９－１０＾７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＮＯ２则促进细胞增殖     

水螅体表鳃隐鞭虫,车轮虫的防治

用不同浓度硫酸铜、亚甲基蓝和中性红处理寄生于水螅的鳃隐鞭虫和车轮虫。结果表明,０２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸铜、３３４×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ亚早基蓝和２３１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ中性红的溶液,能分别在１０４小时、１３小时和５２小时内完全杀死其体表虫体,且对水螅无任何伤害;当分别高于上述３种浓度时,随浓度升高,对水螅的伤害愈严重;当分别低于上述３种浓度时,不能完全杀灭其体表虫体。经比较,认为中性红毒性低,易氧化分解,污染甚微,是杀灭水螅体表鳃隐鞭虫和车轮虫的理想药物。亦可供水产养殖等参考。     

缢蛏碱性磷酸酶胍溶液中分子折叠与活力变化研究

报道了缢蛏碱性磷酸酶（简称ＡＬＰ）经不同浓度盐酸胍处理时酶的分子构象发生的变化以及酶变化和失活的动力学过程。在胍中酶荧光发谢峰强度下降,紫外差光谱在２４６ｎｍ和２８５ｎｍ处出现２个负峰,ＣＤ谱中酶的α螺旋度下降,且随浓度增大,变化程度也加大。动力学研究表明,酶在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、４．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸胍中的变性速度常数分别为３．２１×１０＾－４ｓ     

Effect of the Temperature on Violaxanthin De-Epoxidation: Comparison of the In Vivo and Model Systems

The xanthophyll cycle is a photoprotective mechanism operating in the thylakoid membranes of all higher plants, ferns, mosses and several algal groups. The occurrence of inverted hexagonal domains of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in the membrane is postulated as an essential factor involved in violaxanthin de-epoxidation. The violaxanthin de-epoxidation was investigated in high-light illuminated Lemna trisulca at three temperatures (4, 12, and 25°C). The temperature dependence of this reaction was compared with kinetics of violaxanthin de-epoxidation at the same temperatures in MGDG micelles and in phosphatidylcholine (PC)–MGDG unilamellar liposomes. In both model systems and in the illuminated plants, a decrease in temperature resulted in lower zeaxanthin production. We found that the presence of MGDG in PC liposomes was necessary for the de-epoxidation reaction. With the increase in MGDG proportion in liposomes, the percentage of transformed violaxanthin was also increasing. We suggest that the violaxanthin de-epoxidation takes place within lipid matrix of the thylakoid membranes inside the MGDG-rich domains. Presence of the reversed hexagonal phase in the thylakoid membranes has been already reported in our previous papers and by other authors using ³¹P-NMR and freeze-fracturing techniques.     

Time course of uptake of 14C-abscisic acid by Lemna gibba in relation to growth

The time course of growth of Lemna gibba L. in low concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and of uptake of ¹⁴C-labelled ABA into the plants was followed for up to 15 days. Fresh weight increase was arrested when the plants were transferred to ABA solutions. This inhibition was greatest during the first days after which a marked recovery took place. Dry matter production was only slightly affected by ABA. On a culture basis, the uptake of ABA was almost linear with time during the experimental period. The rate of uptake on a fresh weight basis was highest during the first two days but decreased rapidly from the third day. Most of the applied ¹⁴C remained in the culture solution throughout the experiments. Plants transferred to a solution without ABA retained most of their accumulated ¹⁴C. Possible explanations for the decrease in rate of ABA uptake and restoration of growth are discussed.     

浮萍光周期诱导的探讨──与日本青萍6746对比试验

浮萍从野外生长到室内无菌培养,能在较大的时间范围内用于浮萍的灭菌,以０．０４％ＨｇＣｌ２的灭菌效果最佳。在相同的培养条件下,浮萍比日本青萍６７４６的繁殖和营养生长速度略快,但浮萍对光周期反应不敏感。     

Pleustonic communities with Lemnaceae in South America

Abstract. Ca. 360 relevés of pleustonic vegetation were recorded in South America between 1983 and 1996.245 relevés, containing three or more pleustonic species, were classified according to the methods of Braun-Blanquet. Within the class Lemnetea (minoris) the following two orders with alliances (All.) and associations (Ass.) can be distinguished: 1. Lemnetalia gibbae   All. Azollo filiculoides-Lemnion gibbae Ass. Lemno minutae-Lemnetum gibbae Azollo filiculoides-Wolffielletum oblongae 2. Lemnetalia aequinoctialis   All. Salvinio minimae-Lemnion minutae Ass. Lemno minutae-Wolffielletum lingulatae   All. Salvinio minimae-Lemnion aequinoctialis     Ass. Lemno aequinoctialis-Wolffielletum lingulatae Lemno aequinoctialis-Wolffielletum welwitschii   All. Woljfio columbianae-Lemnion obscurae     Ass. Woljfio globosae-Lemnetum obscurae The occurrence of the four alliances is mostly dependent on climate and geographical situation. The usefulness of creating pleustonic unities is discussed.     

Effects of sodium dodecyl sulphate on the aquatic macrophytes Azolla and Lemna

Abstract

In this work, we determined the tolerance to sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) of Azolla filiculoides and of Lemna minor. The presence of the detergent in the media affected growth more than the chlorophyll content. On the basis of the effect indices, Lemna is more tolerant to SDS than Azolla. The fern had a better capacity, compared with duckweed, to remove and accumulate the pollutant.     

Isotherm and kinetic modelling of Toluidine Blue (TB) removal from aqueous solution using Lemna minor

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lemna minor for Toluidine Blue (TB) removal. Influence of the initial concentration over the removal process was considered. Experimental data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), and Elovich isotherm models. In addition, several kinetic models, pseudo-first-, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle and film diffusion models were considered. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm suggested a favorable adsorption of TB by Lemna minor plants. From the D–R the mean free energy was calculated to be 11.18 kJ/mol, which indicates that TB adsorption was characterized by a chemisorption process. Kinetic studies showed that liquid film diffusion plays an important role during the process. Adsorption capacities of up to 26.69 mg/g and a high capacity of adaptation indicated that phytoremediation using Lemna minor could be a valuable alternative for dyes removal from wastewaters.     

Experiments with duckweed–moth systems suggest that global warming may reduce rather than promote herbivory

1. Wilf & Labandeira (1999) suggested that increased temperatures because of global warming will cause an increase in herbivory by insects. This conclusion was based on the supposed effect of temperature on herbivores but did not consider an effect of temperature on plant growth. 2. We studied the effect of temperature on grazing pressure by the small China‐mark moth (Cataclysta lemnata L.) on Lemna minor L. in laboratory experiments. 3. Between temperatures of 15 and 24 °C we found a sigmoidal increase in C. lemnata grazing rates, and an approximately linear increase in L. minor growth rates. Therefore, an increase in temperature did not always result in higher grazing pressure by this insect as the regrowth of Lemna changes also. 4. At temperatures below 18.7 °C, Lemna benefited more than Cataclysta from an increase in temperature, causing a decrease in grazing pressure. 5. In the context of global warming, we conclude that rising temperatures will not necessarily increase grazing pressure by herbivorous insects.     

Accumulated forms of thallium and cadmium in Lemna minor. II. Relationship between duration of exposure and metal-protein binding

Abstract

Gel filtration chromatography (with Sephadex G25, G50 and G100) was used to separate the different forms of thallium (Tl) and cadmium (Cd) in the cytosol fraction of Lemna minor and to examine the influence of the duration of metal exposure on the speciation of the two elements. A major proportion of Cd in the soluble phase was found to be bound to three groups of proteinaceous and polypeptide fractions; two of these, the high molecular weight protein fraction (Mr > 150,000) and the low polypeptide sized moieties of about M_r 1,500 or less were constitutive entities, whereas the intermediate sized fraction (Mr 7,000 - 8,000) could only be detected in plants previously exposed to Cd. After 12 days of exposure to Cd this fraction accounted for the greatest part of the bound Cd in Lemna tissues. Extending the period of exposure from 18 hours to 12 days resulted in a shift in the distribution of Cd between the low and intermediate fractions. Evidence for Tl-protein binding was limited and confined to the high molecular weight fraction, and most of the Tl in the soluble phase was present in a form closely allied to the free ion. The contrasting behaviour between the two elements has been interpreted in terms of the differences in their physicochemical properties.     

Glycolate and glyoxylate stimulation of growth in Lemna gibba

A 10 to 20% stimulation of growth in Lemna gibba L. G3 occurred following the addition of 0.5 to 3 mM glycolate or glyoxylate, although concentrations of 5 mM or higher were inhibitory. Glyoxylate gave a higher stimulation than glycolate. The stimulating effect on growth was obtained in media with or without 2% added sucrose. A higher stimulation was obtained when the plants were cultivated in open flasks in comparison to cultivation in flasks plugged with cellulose stoppers, which presumably retarded gas exchange.