The correction of dysbiosis of the female reproductive tract by using an estradiol-containing preparation

The influence of Ovestin, an estradiol-containing preparation, on the vaginal microflora in women of the reproductive age in dysbiosis was studied. As the result of the local application of this preparation, the normalization of microflora was noted in 92% of women, which was manifested by an increase in the number of lactobacteria and indigenous corynebacteria, a decrease in the number, or elimination, of opportunistic microorganisms and the suppression of their capacity for persistence.     

The use of biological preparations for correction of microbial status in pregnant women

15 pregnant women with pregnancy lasting 28-32 weeks, whose medico-laboratory data (the positive result of the amino test, high pH value and the detection of "key" cells) suggested the presence of bacterial vaginosis, were placed under observation. The bacteriological study of vaginal microflora in all these women revealed pronounced disturbances simultaneously with the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis. The local application of the bacterial preparation "Zhlemik" containing freeze-dried live lactic acid bacteria of vaginal origin and the oral administration of lactic acid bifidumbacterin containing live bifidobacteria of intestinal origin permitted the successful restoration of vaginal and intestinal microbiocenosis. The capacity of biotherapeutic preparations for inducing non-specific immunostimulation led to a significant rise in the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG in vaginal secretions.     

妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物微生物组学分析

目的 探讨妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物中菌群结构差异,为临床女性泌尿生殖系统疾病研究提供可靠的依据。方法 运用高通量二代测序技术检测20例妊娠妇女和29例无性生活女性阴道分泌物中微生物;采用秩和检验进行组间显著性差异分析,使用生物信息学软件进行数据处理。结果 49份样本共注释出14个门、23个纲、33个目、28个科、38个属和23个种水平物种。妊娠妇女与无性生活女性阴道分泌物中菌群结构差异显著。妊娠妇女在种水平仅有Atopobium vaginae、Campylobacter ureolyticus、Lactobacillus coleohominis、德氏乳杆菌、瑞氏乳杆菌、惰性乳杆菌、罗伊乳杆菌、白假丝酵母和近平滑假丝酵母共9个物种。结论 妊娠能引起女性阴道分泌物菌群结构发生改变,且菌种数量明显减少。Lactobacillus coleohominis和德氏乳杆菌可能在维持妊娠妇女阴道菌群平衡和自净作用中起到关键性作用。     

The effect of "Solco" lactobacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on the survival and microflora of mice with a Salmonella infection

The Solco lactobacterial strain L. acidophilus Lat 11/83 has been used for the normalization of intestinal microflora in experimental post-infectious intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The results of experiments indicate that the intragastric administration of live Solco lactobacteria contributes to an increase in the survival rate of infected animals and the normalization of their gastrointestinal microflora. This strain may be used as a bacterial preparation for the regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis.     

Influence of enterococci on the recovery of intestinal microflora changed by antibiotic therapy and carbohydrate nutrition

The process of intestinal microflora normalization after a course of antibiotic therapy was studied on mice and in persons with using S. faecium UDS-86. It was shown that oral inoculation of strain UDS-86 influenced correction of the intestinal microflora in the mice and persons after the antibiotic therapy and carbohydrate nutrition. Oral inoculation of S. faecium UDS-86 resulted in lower quantities of potentially pathogenic organisms and higher levels of lactobacteria in the intestine at the background of dysbacteriosis induced by the antibiotic therapy and carbohydrate nutrition. Possible development of a preparation, eubiotic based on S. faecium UDS-86 is discussed.     

The use of the biotherapeutic agent Zhlemik for correcting the microflora in bacterial vaginosis

The vaginal microflora in 11 women suffering with bacterial vaginosis was corrected by BTA "Zlemik" contained highly adhesive strain Lactobacillus. BTA was administered intravaginal in dose 1 suppositoria at night during 15 days. It was established in majority cases that clinical symptoms and discharges have disappeared. The value of pH has decreased from 5.6-6.2 to 4.6-4.8. After biotherapeutic therapy significantly increased of the levels of Lactobacillus and percentage of the presence Bifidobacterium. The number of non-spore-forming obligatory anaerobic bacteria, Streptococcus and Gardnerella decreased in 10 and 100 times respectively.     

The effect of a preparation made from Solco lactobacteria on the survival rate and intestinal microflora of irradiated animals

Lactobacillus acidophilus strain Lat 11/83 Solco has been used for the normalization of intestinal microflora in experimental post-irradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The results of these experiments indicate that live Solco lactobacteria, introduced intragastrically, facilitate the enhancement of the survival rate of irradiated animals and the normalization of microflora in their gastrointestinal tract. The strain can be used as bacterial preparation for the regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis.     

Diagnostic value of Gram stain for assessment of vaginal smears during pregnancy

The main aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of Giemsa stained method with Gram stained method for the evaluation of vaginal smears among pregnant women. A study population comprised 111 pregnant between 6 and 30 weeks of gestation. The vaginal smears from every subject was diagnosed according to Giemsa and Gram stained method and micro-organisms were isolated by culture. In 29.3% cases diagnosed as normal flora (2a) on the basis of Giemsa method bacterial vaginosis was detected in Gram stains according to Spiegel's criteria and pathological microflora in concentration > or = 10(5) CFU/ml was cultured among 75.9% of them. Among 31.7% women who had grade 3a (abnormal) in Giemsa stains method normal flora was diagnosed on the basis on Gram's method and from 17.1% pregnant women from this group we did not isolated any pathogens. For evaluation of vaginal smears during pregnancy the Giemsa method should be replaced by Gram stained method.     

The evaluation of prevalence and the impact of pathological microflora of the lower genital tract among women at early pregnancy on the risk of preterm delivery

The main aim of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence and an association between pathological microflora of the lower genital tract diagnosed at early pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery. The study group comprised 179 randomly selected pregnant women from Lodz region, between 8 and 16 week of pregnancy. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of biocenosis of the lower genital tract vaginal and cervical swabs were collected from the pregnant women under study. The C. trachomatis antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence assay. The vaginal swabs were tested for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Gram stain according to Spiegel's criteria. To evaluate the risk factors odds ratios were calculated using EPI INFO software. 21 (11.7%) women delivered before 37th week of pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed among 51 (28.5%) pregnant women while intermediate microflora was diagnosed by Gram stain in 62 (34.6%) women. The shortest mean gestational age at delivery was noted among women with BV. The rate of preterm delivery in BV group was 15.7% comparing to 9.1% among women with normal microflora. Among women with preterm delivery BV was diagnosed in 38.1% (OR = 1.86). Based on culture results only 84 (46.9%) women had normal microflora at early pregnancy. The pathological culture was associated with slightly increased preterm delivery rate (12.6%) as compare to 10.7% in control group. Positive culture for Bacteroides and Mobiluncus was connected with nonstatistical rise in the risk of preterm delivery. No association between C. trachomatis infection at early pregnancy and elevated risk of preterm delivery was found. Early pregnancy diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and its treatment should lower the rate of prematurity in Poland.     

Longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microflora in pregnancy suggests that L. crispatus promotes the stability of the normal vaginal microflora and that L. gasseri and/or L. iners are more conducive to the occurrence of abnormal vaginal microflora

Background  

Despite their antimicrobial potential, vaginal lactobacilli often fail to retain dominance, resulting in overgrowth of the vagina by other bacteria, as observed with bacterial vaginosis. It remains elusive however to what extent interindividual differences in vaginal Lactobacillus community composition determine the stability of this microflora. In a prospective cohort of pregnant women we studied the stability of the normal vaginal microflora (assessed on Gram stain) as a function of the presence of the vaginal Lactobacillus index species (determined through culture and molecular analysis with tRFLP).     

Dynamics of some characteristics of humoral immunity,vaginal interferon status in pregnant women with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis

65 pregnant women with the exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis in the III trimester of gestation and 34 healthy pregnant women were examined. The quantitative content of immunoglobulins, the activity of interferon in cervico = vaginal washings and the composition of the vaginal microflora were determined. All patients with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis exhibited disturbances in the normal microbiocenosis of the genitals and the dysfunction of the local immunity of the genital system, accompanied with a decrease in serum and secretory IgA, an increase in the amount of IgG and IgM, increased interferon activity. Pregnant women with the relapse of chronic pyelonephritis received, in addition to traditional therapy, local treatment with Kipferon suppositories, an immunomodulating preparation. The study revealed that the use of this preparation normalized the characteristics of local immunity, the composition of the microflora' of the genitals and led to the disappearance of the clinical symptoms of the disease.     

定君生调整自然分娩后阴道菌群失调的临床探讨

目的了解自然分娩后阴道菌群的改变及其危害,探讨定君生用于恢复自然分娩后阴道菌群失调的效果。方法分别对57例正常体检妇女、50例晚期妊娠妇女和45例自然分娩产后妇女进行阴道pH检测,同时取阴道分泌物进行细菌培养。另外,选择产后42d来我院复查的产妇72例,随机分为两组,定君生组42例,连续应用定君生10d,对照组30例,对其中已存在阴道感染的患者应用达克宁栓或复方甲硝唑栓进行治疗,疗程均为10d,对比分析两组的阴道炎发生情况。结果产后阴道乳酸杆菌检出率明显低于孕前期和妊娠期（P〈0．01）,产后阴道pH高于孕前期,两者之间差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。产后阴道厌氧菌的比例下降,非正常菌和条件致病菌增多。产后42d细菌和念珠菌性阴道病的发生率为15．3％,产后3个月定君生组细菌和念珠菌性阴道病的发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论自然分娩可导致阴道菌群失调,使产后妇女易患细菌和念珠菌性阴道病,应用定君生可恢复阴道内乳酸杆菌的优势地位,对于防治产后细菌和念珠菌性阴道病具有重要作用。     

孕晚期GDM孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞的

目的 探究孕晚期妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞的自噬和应激水平的相关性。方法 选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2018年9月至2019年1月诊断及治疗的孕晚期GDM孕妇23例作为GDM组,选取同时段、同年龄段产检正常的孕妇23例作为对照组。对两组孕妇阴道菌群及自噬和应激水平进行检测,使用Pearson相关性分析探究菌群指标与自噬和应激水平间的相关性。结果 两组阴道细菌构成存在差异,GDM组在毛螺菌科、双歧杆菌目、普雷沃菌属、詹氏乳杆菌、双歧杆菌科、加德纳菌属的相对丰度大于对照组,对照组在乳杆菌属、卷曲乳杆菌、惰性乳杆菌、假单胞菌目、假单胞菌属、气球菌科的相对丰度大于GDM组。GDM组p62相对表达量显著低于对照组（t=3.903,P<0.001）,hsp70相对表达量显著高于对照组（t=5.704,P<0.001）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,双歧杆菌目、加德纳菌属与p62水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.407、-0.482,P=0.009、0.002）,双歧杆菌科与hsp70呈显著正相关（r=0.448,P=0.004）;乳杆菌属与p62呈显著正相关（r=0.437,P=0.011）,与hsp70水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.475,P=0.005）。结论 孕晚期GDM孕妇阴道菌群与阴道上皮细胞自噬和应激水平存在一定相关性。     

Quantitative assessment of vaginal microflora during use of tampons of various compositions

Although the effect of vaginal tampons on the microbial flora during menstruation has recently been studied by several investigators, quantitative effects attributable to particular tampon fibers have received less attention. The purposes of the present study were (i) to determine and then to compare the effects of polyacrylate rayon tampons and viscose rayon tampons on the normal vaginal flora, (ii) to compare quantitative bacterial counts obtained from these tampons with those obtained from concomitant vaginal swabs, and (iii) to determine whether either of these tampon types alters the vaginal microflora when compared with the microflora in the same women using all-cotton tampons or external catamenial pads. Tampon and swab samples were obtained at predetermined times from 18 women for an average of seven menstrual cycles. Samples consisting of swabs from women wearing menstrual pads were compared with swab and tampon samples taken at predetermined times during the menstrual cycle from women using cotton, polyacrylate rayon, or viscose rayon tampons. Samples were analyzed for total aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacterial counts. Statistical evaluation of the results indicated that, on the whole, total bacterial counts decreased during menstruation and that the numbers of bacteria in tampons tended to be lower than those in swab samples taken at the same time. The tampon type had little effect on the vaginal microflora.     

Quantitative assessment of vaginal microflora during use of tampons of various compositions.

Although the effect of vaginal tampons on the microbial flora during menstruation has recently been studied by several investigators, quantitative effects attributable to particular tampon fibers have received less attention. The purposes of the present study were (i) to determine and then to compare the effects of polyacrylate rayon tampons and viscose rayon tampons on the normal vaginal flora, (ii) to compare quantitative bacterial counts obtained from these tampons with those obtained from concomitant vaginal swabs, and (iii) to determine whether either of these tampon types alters the vaginal microflora when compared with the microflora in the same women using all-cotton tampons or external catamenial pads. Tampon and swab samples were obtained at predetermined times from 18 women for an average of seven menstrual cycles. Samples consisting of swabs from women wearing menstrual pads were compared with swab and tampon samples taken at predetermined times during the menstrual cycle from women using cotton, polyacrylate rayon, or viscose rayon tampons. Samples were analyzed for total aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacterial counts. Statistical evaluation of the results indicated that, on the whole, total bacterial counts decreased during menstruation and that the numbers of bacteria in tampons tended to be lower than those in swab samples taken at the same time. The tampon type had little effect on the vaginal microflora.     

Staphylococci in the skin microbiocenosis of the breasts in pregnant women

The microflora of the mammary glands in the area of the nipple, the areola and the adjacent skin was studied by the methods of washings and impression. 120 nonpregnant women and 164 pregnant women were examined. The pregnant women showed a higher level of the contamination of the above-mentioned sites. The highest density of bacterial population was detected in the area of the nipple and the lowest density, on the skin surrounding the areola. Coagulase-negative staphylococci proved to be the most numerous organisms among all bacterial population found on the skin of the mammary glands of pregnant women. Of these staphylococci, S. epidermidis was most frequently isolated, its isolation rate being higher in the pregnant women than in the nonpregnant ones.     

阴道微生态失调与早产相关性研究进展

健康育龄妇女的阴道微生态环境呈现多样性,阴道内微生物菌群以乳杆菌为主。乳杆菌可维持妇女阴道微环境平衡和保持阴道酸性环境以抑制致病性病原体生长。当乳杆菌比例低至致病阈值以下或无乳杆菌存在时,阴道微环境的菌群组成转变成以兼性需氧及厌氧菌为主。越来越多的证据表明,怀孕期间阴道菌群的异常与早产、及因早产和围产期结局不佳导致的潜在新生儿后遗症有关。本文综述了妊娠期阴道菌群的变化、细菌性阴道炎与早产发生风险等方面的问题,目的是帮助临床医生确定怀孕期间有阴道炎症状女性是否可接受治疗,从而降低早产、早产胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎和母胎传染病的发病率。     

Influence of the oral administration of indigenous microorganisms on the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection

The influence of the oral administration of killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, bacteroids and fusobacteria on the anti- Salmonella resistance of mice, infected orally with S. dublin, was studied. Bifidobacteria and lactobacteria were shown to produce a dose-dependent immunostimulating effect. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria and lactobacteria led to the enhanced resistance of mice to Salmonella infection. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria was conductive to the normalization of the intestinal microflora in dysbacteriosis developing in cases of Salmonella infection. Bacteroids and fusobacteria were found to possess no such effect.     

The effect of new antimicrobial preparations used in combination with complete gnotobiotic isolation on the survivability and intestinal microflora of total-body irradiated mice

The aim of these investigations was the study of the effect of different antimicrobial preparations on the survival rate and intestinal microflora of mice with experimental acute radiation sickness. These investigations revealed that the survival rate of the animals increased 3.1 times with the use of Supramycin, 2.4 times with the use of Tacef and 1.6 times with the use of Spizef and Pen-bristol. The study of the influence of these preparations on the intestinal microflora revealed that Spizef not only decreased the number of opportunistic microorganisms, but also led to a sharp drop in the level of lactobacteria. The use of Pen-bristol and Tacef led to practically complete elimination of enterobacteria enterococci, staphylococci, as well as lactobacteria. Supramycin essentially suppressed the number of opportunistic microorganisms and did not affect the level of lactobacteria. This was probably the cause of the highest effectiveness of Supramycin in comparison with Tacef, Spizef and Pen-bristol.     

The microflora of the reproductive tract in women during intrauterine interventions

The species compositions and persistence factors of the vaginal and cervical microflora of the reproductive tract of women in cases of intrauterine interventions (medical abortion, intrauterine contraception) were studied. Women with inflammatory complications following intrauterine interventions were found to have the same species of bacteria in their vaginal and cervical microflora. In addition, an increase in the values of the persistence factors of vaginal microflora was registered in women practicing intrauterine contraception and a decrease in the persistence potential of vaginal microflora was registered after abortion.